Deck 5: The Hypothesis

Question 1

Is this statement a hypothesis? "The purpose of this research is to study introverts and extroverts by examining their social behaviors and home life."

A) Yes, because it states the main purpose of the study.
B) Yes, because it will lead to the testing of the significance between groups.
C) No, because it doesn't state a relationship to be tested.
D) No, because the statement isn't presented in the form of a question.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which one of the following represents a testable hypothesis that might have been derived from a theory of instruction?

A) Learning by discovery should be the central focus in teaching at the elementary school level.
B) It is the responsibility of teachers to organize material in logical and meaningful segments.
C) Learning and retention increase if the teaching materials are made meaningful for the students.
D) The first step that every teacher should take is to motivate students for learning tasks.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If a hypothesis is stated in an "if-then" form, the independent variable is part of

A) the "if" of the statement.
B) the "then" of the statement.
C) either the "if" or "then" of the statement.
D) None of these is true.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An advantage of the hypothesis is that it provides

A) direction to the research.
B) a definitive explanation of phenomena that facilitates the extension of knowledge.
C) a framework for reporting the conclusions of the study.
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 5

Which of the following would best meet the criteria of a testable hypothesis?

A) High school teachers don't spend enough time in one-to-one work experiences.
B) Computers should be part of the mathematics curriculum in grades 1-6.
C) Competing with boys in a sport not sex-specific will lessen a girl's expectation for success.
D) Social learning and development are enhanced by democratic education.
E) Pupils' failure to read is due to a lack of compassion in some teachers.

Question 6

Which kind of research study is most often conducted without hypotheses?

A) Experimental
B) Causal-comparative
C) Correlational
D) Survey

Question 7

Which one of the following is the first step in testing a hypothesis?

A) Deducing consequences that can be observed.
B) Asking the views of authorities to see if it satisfies the criteria.
C) Selecting or developing research instruments for data collection
D) Reviewing the literature in the field to see if the hypothesis is consistent with the body of knowledge

Question 8

"First-born children scored significantly higher on the need-achievement scale than those born later." This statement is a

A) directional hypothesis.
B) nondirectional hypothesis.
C) hypothesis that cannot be tested.
D) finding of a research study.

Question 9

Which of the following is not part of the research plan?

A) Problem
B) Data analysis
C) Hypothesis
D) Finding
E) Method

Question 10

"Children in the fourth grade who receive positive remarks on their English papers will show a greater increase in English achievement than those who receive neutral or no remarks." This is an example of

A) directional research hypothesis.
B) directional null hypothesis.
C) nondirectional research hypothesis.
D) nondirectional null hypothesis.

Question 11

Research hypotheses may result from

A) theories.
B) observation.
C) the findings of previous research.
D) a, b, and c

Question 12

"There is no significant correlation between intelligence and social adjustment." This is an example of a

A) null hypothesis.
B) nondirectional hypothesis.
C) directional hypothesis.
D) a and b

Question 13

An important consideration in formulating a research hypothesis is to make sure

A) it is stated in the null form.
B) the variables can be operationally defined.
C) the statement does not imply a value judgment.
D) b and c
E) a, b, and c

Question 14

Which one of the following should be included in the statement of a hypothesis?

A) The variables under investigation
B) The source from which the hypothesis is derived
C) The contribution of the hypothesis to the body of knowledge
D) All of these are true

Question 15

Which of the following would be the most suitable hypothesis for study?

A) The Columbus school district has too many janitors.
B) For learning-disabled students, attending a regular classroom is better than attending a segregated classroom.
C) Solutions to math problems should be taught with computers as well as with paper-and-pencil computation.
D) Nonsense words are forgotten more quickly than meaningful words.
E) Teachers who have had a counseling course will be better teachers than those who have not had a counseling course.

Question 16

When a hypothesis is confirmed in an empirical investigation, one concludes that

A) the hypothesized relationship has been proven to be true.
B) the theory from which the hypothesis was derived has been proven to be true.
C) it is probable that the hypothesized relationship is true.
D) it is just as probable that the hypothesized relationship is false as it is true.

Question 17

A hypothesis provides

A) direction for research.
B) tentative explanation of phenomena.
C) framework for interpretation of findings.
D) a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 18

Which of the following is not acceptable from a research perspective? The researcher

A) replicated the study.
B) analyzed the results.
C) tested the hypothesis.
D) proved the theory.
E) predicted a difference.

Question 19

One of the postulates of Piaget's theory of egocentric behavior is that egocentric children have a conception of reality based only on their own point of view.Which of the following represents a testable hypothesis that could be derived through deductive reasoning from this theory?

A) Egocentric children are unpopular among their classmates.
B) Egocentric children rate themselves higher in status with their classmates than they actually are rated by others.
C) Small-group cooperative learning activities will be better for egocentric children than individualized learning projects.
D) Egocentric children will be less popular with teachers than will nonegocentric children.

Question 20

Which of the following illustrates the null hypothesis?

A) There is no significant difference in the achievement of groups taught by Method A and Method B.
B) The difference in the effects on achievement of Method A and Method B equals zero.
C) There is no relationship between the method of teaching and achievement.
D) All of these are true.

Question 21

When a hypothesis is not confirmed in an empirical investigation, one concludes that

A) the study was not conducted properly.
B) the theory from which the hypothesis was derived is false.
C) the null hypothesis of the study is the true hypothesis.
D) None of these is true.

Question 22

"Thumbsucking is the effect of fixation at the oral stage of development." This hypothesis is

A) judgmental.
B) not testable.
C) derived from a theory.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 23

Exhibit 5-1 During a fire drill a teacher marched the class from their floor classroom to the playground and waited there with them until the drill was over.Upon returning the teacher found Peter, one of the pupils, waiting at his desk.The teacher has formed several hypotheses, which are given in answer options a-d.Choose the hypothesis that best answers the question.
Refer to Exhibit 5-1.Which of the hypotheses violated the criterion that: hypotheses must be testable.

A) Peter is an inherently bad boy who had stepped out of line and ran to the classroom by the back stairs in order to infuriate the teacher.
B) Peter leapt from the ground directly into the classroom window.
C) Peter has an identical twin whom the teacher did not know about.He and Peter arranged with the principal to stage the fire drill so that they could play this trick on the teacher.
D) Peter slipped into the boy's room on the way out and returned to his seat from there.

Question 24

Exhibit 5-2: Consider the hypothesis: "At-risk children who are placed in a regular classroom will show greater increase in achievement than will at-risk children who attend special classes."
Refer to Exhibit 5-2.What is the dependent variable in the above hypothesis?

A) Learning
B) Achievement
C) Attend public school programs
D) Special education programs
E) At-risk children

Question 25

On the basis of her experience a teacher has formulated a hypothesis regarding the relationship between participation in class discussions and retention of abstract materials.This teacher's hypothesis could be classified as

A) an inductive hypothesis.
B) a deductive hypothesis.
C) an alternative hypothesis.
D) a null hypothesis.

Question 26

A researcher stated the following hypothesis: "Use of the inquiry method in teaching high school social studies results in an improvement in students' thinking ability." Which term in the above hypothesis would most need an operational definition?

A) Inquiry method
B) Students
C) Thinking ability
D) High school
E) Improvement

Question 27

Which of the following is not a function of a hypothesis? It provides

A) a tentative explanation of phenomena.
B) a testable explanation of phenomena.
C) direction for research.
D) a proven explanation of phenomena.

Question 28

Exhibit 5-2: Consider the hypothesis: "At-risk children who are placed in a regular classroom will show greater increase in achievement than will at-risk children who attend special classes."
Refer to Exhibit 5-2.What is the independent variable in the above hypothesis?

A) Learning
B) Social competence
C) Institutional programs
D) Mentally disabled
E) Regular classroom placement

Question 29

Hypotheses derived from Kohlberg's moral development model could be classified as

A) deductive hypotheses.
B) inductive hypotheses.

Question 30

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A) A hypothesis must be testable.
B) A hypothesis must have explanatory power.
C) A hypothesis must be consistent with the existing body of knowledge.
D) A hypothesis must be based on a well-established theory.

Question 31

"There is significant positive correlation between academic self-concept and attitude toward school." This is an example of a

A) directional hypothesis.
B) testable hypothesis.
C) statistical hypothesis.
D) a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 32

Exhibit 5-1 During a fire drill a teacher marched the class from their floor classroom to the playground and waited there with them until the drill was over.Upon returning the teacher found Peter, one of the pupils, waiting at his desk.The teacher has formed several hypotheses, which are given in answer options a-d.Choose the hypothesis that best answers the question.
Refer to Exhibit 5-1.Which of the hypotheses violated the criterion that: this hypothesis does not violate any of these criteria.

A) Peter is an inherently bad boy who had stepped out of line and ran to the classroom by the back stairs in order to infuriate the teacher.
B) Peter leapt from the ground directly into the classroom window.
C) Peter has an identical twin whom the teacher did not know about.He and Peter arranged with the principal to stage the fire drill so that they could play this trick on the teacher.
D) Peter slipped into the boy's room on the way out and returned to his seat from there.

Question 33

An investigator began with a precise and logical hypothesis.He ran a well-planned and well-conducted experiment to test the deduced consequences of this hypothesis.No evidence was found to support the hypothesis.The investigator should report that

A) his study was a failure.
B) the hypothesis was proved false.
C) the hypothesis is probably true but experimental conditions did not permit the effect to be observed.
D) None of these is true.

Question 34

Which one of the following statements made to distinguish between theory and hypothesis is correct?

A) Theories are based on factual information, while hypotheses are the researchers' guesswork.
B) Theories are more general than hypotheses and ; usually give rise to a number of hypotheses to be tested by researchers.
C) Theory and hypothesis are terms used interchangeably by scientists to refer to their views on the relationship between scientific variables.
D) A theory is a hypothesis that has been confirmed by research findings.

Question 35

Testing a hypothesis involves determining

A) its parsimony.
B) its logical consistency.
C) if systematic observations confirm it.
D) whether it fits with pervious knowledge.
E) All of these are true.

Question 36

"Children with higher GPA will express greater satisfaction with school than children with lower GPA." This is an example of a

A) testable hypothesis.
B) directional hypothesis.
C) null hypothesis.
D) a and b
E) a and c

Question 37

A hypothesis which is formulated following the observed relationship between phenomena is classified as a/an

A) inductive hypothesis.
B) deductive hypothesis.
C) workable hypothesis.
D) alternative hypothesis.

Question 38

Exhibit 5-1 During a fire drill a teacher marched the class from their floor classroom to the playground and waited there with them until the drill was over.Upon returning the teacher found Peter, one of the pupils, waiting at his desk.The teacher has formed several hypotheses, which are given in answer options a-d.Choose the hypothesis that best answers the question.
Refer to Exhibit 5-1.Which of the hypotheses violated the criterion that: hypotheses should follow the principle of parsimony in providing explanations.

A) Peter is an inherently bad boy who had stepped out of line and ran to the classroom by the back stairs in order to infuriate the teacher.
B) Peter leapt from the ground directly into the classroom window.
C) Peter has an identical twin whom the teacher did not know about.He and Peter arranged with the principal to stage the fire drill so that they could play this trick on the teacher.
D) Peter slipped into the boy's room on the way out and returned to his seat from there.

Question 39

Exhibit 5-1 During a fire drill a teacher marched the class from their floor classroom to the playground and waited there with them until the drill was over.Upon returning the teacher found Peter, one of the pupils, waiting at his desk.The teacher has formed several hypotheses, which are given in answer options a-d.Choose the hypothesis that best answers the question.
Refer to Exhibit 5-1.Which of the hypotheses violated the criterion that: hypotheses must be consistent with the organized body of knowledge.

A) Peter is an inherently bad boy who had stepped out of line and ran to the classroom by the back stairs in order to infuriate the teacher.
B) Peter leapt from the ground directly into the classroom window.
C) Peter has an identical twin whom the teacher did not know about.He and Peter arranged with the principal to stage the fire drill so that they could play this trick on the teacher.
D) Peter slipped into the boy's room on the way out and returned to his seat from there.

Question 40

A null hypothesis is a

A) statistical term for hypotheses that the data fail to confirm.
B) statistical hypothesis that says no relationship exists between the variables under investigation.
C) research hypothesis that has been rejected by research findings.
D) research hypothesis that states no relationship exists between the variables under investigation.

Question 41

Exhibit 5-4: Examine the hypotheses provided in answer options a-d, then answer the questions.
Refer to Exhibit 5-4.Which one involves more than one dependent variable?

A) The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
B) There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
C) There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
D) There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.

Question 42

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-3.There is a negative relationship between students' social maturity and their participation in social activities.

A) adequate hypothesis
B) inadequate, not testable
C) inadequate, no statement of relationship
D) inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 43

Exhibit 5-4: Examine the hypotheses provided in answer options a-d, then answer the questions.
Refer to Exhibit 5-4.Which one is not testable?

A) The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
B) There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
C) There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
D) There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.

Question 44

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-3.Pupils will differ from one another in achievement and in reading skills.

A) adequate hypothesis
B) inadequate, not testable
C) inadequate, no statement of relationship
D) inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 45

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-3.Children who do not resolve the Oedipus complex before the age of eight will show a greater degree of homosexuality as adults than will children who do.

A) adequate hypothesis
B) inadequate, not testable
C) inadequate, no statement of relationship
D) inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 46

Exhibit 5-4: Examine the hypotheses provided in answer options a-d, then answer the questions.
Refer to Exhibit 5-4.Which one is a null hypothesis?

A) The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
B) There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
C) There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
D) There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.

Question 47

A teacher observed that during the weeks when the children in her class used computer drills the boys made much higher scores on the spelling quizzes.The teacher wished to investigate this observed relationship in a systematic way.Which of the following research hypotheses would be appropriate for this investigation?

A) Computer drills are superior in teaching boys to spell.
B) Use of computer drills results in higher spelling achievement for boys than the use of traditional materials.
C) There will be no significant difference in the spelling achievement of boys taught by computer drills and those taught by traditional materials.
D) Classroom teachers do not use appropriate materials in teaching boys to spell.
E) Boys have fewer opportunities to respond and to receive reinforcement in the traditional classroom, which affects their spelling achievement.

Question 48

Exhibit 5-4: Examine the hypotheses provided in answer options a-d, then answer the questions.
Refer to Exhibit 5-4.Which one is a directional hypothesis?

A) The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
B) There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
C) There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
D) There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.

Question 49

The purpose of a pilot study is to

A) help the researcher decide if the study is feasible.
B) assess the appropriateness and practicality of the data-collection instruments.
C) provide experience in finding solutions to unanticipated problems.
D) all of these are true.

Question 50

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-3.There is a positive relationship between teachers' expectations of students and the actual achievement of the students.

A) adequate hypothesis
B) inadequate, not testable
C) inadequate, no statement of relationship
D) inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 51

Exhibit 5-4: Examine the hypotheses provided in answer options a-d, then answer the questions.
Refer to Exhibit 5-4.Which one involves more than one independent variable?

A) The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
B) There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
C) There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
D) There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.

Question 52

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-3.There will be a significant negative correlation between students' verbal ability and their performance in a problem-solving task.

A) adequate hypothesis
B) inadequate, not testable
C) inadequate, no statement of relationship
D) inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 53

A teacher wishes to compare a new approach to teaching math (Method A) with the traditional approach (Method B), because she thinks Method A will improve the learning of math.Prior to the study, what general research hypothesis should the teacher state?

A) The traditional method (Method B) of teaching math is inadequate.
B) Method A should be utilized to teach math.
C) Can Method A be used successfully to teach math in this particular situation?
D) Students will learn more math with Method A than with Method B.

Question 54

Exhibit 5-4: Examine the hypotheses provided in answer options a-d, then answer the questions.
Refer to Exhibit 5-4.Which one has most likely been derived from a theory?

A) The presentation of advance organizers will raise the amount of learning and retention of the subsequently presented materials.
B) There is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement.
C) There is an interaction effect between method of teaching mathematics and gender of students upon learning of mathematics in high school.
D) There is a relationship between the emotional maturity of elementary school children and their experiences during the first two years of their childhood.

Question 55

"The Cuisenaire method of teaching arithmetic will have an effect on arithmetic achievement in the second grade." This statement is an example of a

A) null hypothesis.
B) nondirectional research hypothesis.
C) vague and poorly stated hypothesis.
D) hypothesis that lacks explanatory power.

Question 56

"Children who receive immediate reinforcement will show greater gains in arithmetic achievement than children who receive delayed reinforcement." This statement presents

A) a clearly stated testable hypothesis.
B) a broad and general hypothesis which should be broken down into at least two hypotheses.
C) a hypothesis which is not consistent with the previous knowledge.
D) the objective of a study on the effect of immediate vs.delayed reinforcement.

Question 57

"There will be a positive relationship between adolescents' attitudes toward school and their academic achievement." This hypothesis is a

A) testable hypothesis.
B) directional research hypothesis.
C) nondirectional hypothesis.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 58

Which of the following would be the most suitable hypothesis for a research study?

A) Indiana University admits too many out-of-state students.
B) Indiana University admits too few out-of-state students.
C) Students who studied computer science in high school are better prepared for college than students who studies traditional courses.
D) Students who took Latin in high school will score higher on the English placement test than students who did not take Latin.

Question 59

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-3.Students' failure to read is the direct consequence of the irresponsibility of teachers.

A) adequate hypothesis
B) inadequate, not testable
C) inadequate, no statement of relationship
D) inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 60

Exhibit 5-3: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-3.Elementary school pupils whose teachers ask questions at the higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy will score higher on a criterion measure than will pupils whose teachers ask questions at the lower levels.

A) adequate hypothesis
B) inadequate, not testable
C) inadequate, no statement of relationship
D) inadequate, not consistent with the existing body of knowledge

Question 61

The null hypothesis is a hypothesis that

A) predicts that the treatment will have an effect.
B) is denoted by the symbol H1.
C) is always stated in terms of population parameters.
D) all of these are true.

Question 62

When testing a hypothesis, a researcher uses

A) inductive reasoning to determine the expected consequences
B)deductive reasoning to determine the expected consequences.
C)both a and b.
D)neither a nor b.

Question 63

If the researcher has a reasonably high expectation concerning the relationship between the variables of the study, he/she would most likely state the hypothesis in a(n) ____ form.

A) interrogative
B) directional
C) nondirectional
D) null
E) objective

Question 64

Exhibit 5-6: Classify each of the following hypotheses as directional research, nondirectional research, or null.
Refer to Exhibit 5-6.Elementary school children who read above grade level will have more positive attitudes toward school than those who read at or below grade level.

A) directional research
B) nondirectional research
C) null.

Question 65

Exhibit 5-5: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-5.Pupils will differ from one another in reading achievement and arithmetic achievement.

A) inadequate, less than two variables
B) inadequate, no statement of relationship
C) inadequate, not testable
D) adequate hypothesis

Question 66

Exhibit 5-6: Classify each of the following hypotheses as directional research, nondirectional research, or null.
Refer to Exhibit 5-6.There is no difference in the attitudes toward school of children who read above grade level and those who read below grade level.

A) directional research
B) nondirectional research
C) null.

Question 67

Research hypotheses can be derived by reasoning ____ from theories or ____ from observation.

A) inductively, deductively
B) deductively, inductively

Question 68

The null hypothesis that is appropriate to state with a directional research hypothesis asserts that

A) the independent variable has no effect.
B) chance alone is responsible for the observed differences between conditions.
C) the independent variable does not have an effect in the direction predicted by the research hypothesis (H1).
D) b and c

Question 69

Elementary school children who study programming will score higher on a reasoning test than similar children who do not study programming.This statement is an example of

A) a directional research hypothesis.
B) a nondirectional research hypothesis.
C) a null hypothesis.
D) none of these is true.

Question 70

Exhibit 5-6: Classify each of the following hypotheses as directional research, nondirectional research, or null.
Refer to Exhibit 5-6.There is no relationship between intelligence and ordinal position of birth among siblings.

A) directional research
B) nondirectional research
C) null.

Question 71

There is a negative relationship between the number of older siblings and the mental maturity scores of six-year-old children.This statement is an example of a

A) null hypothesis.
B) directional hypothesis.
C) nondirectional hypothesis.
D) research problem.

Question 72

Exhibit 5-5: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-5.Children who attend Sunday School are more likely to go to Heaven than children who do not.

A) inadequate, less than two variables
B) inadequate, no statement of relationship
C) inadequate, not testable
D) adequate hypothesis

Question 73

The main advantage of a pilot study of a proposed research study is

A) it permits a check of the data collection and the analysis procedures.
B) it provides more control over the procedures than is generally possible in the actual research project.
C) it enables the researcher to know in advance the likely outcome of the study.

Question 74

Which of the following statements is/are true of null hypotheses?

A) They state that there is no relationship between variables.
B) They are used to determine how likely it is that observed results are due to chance alone.
C) They are hypotheses that researchers typically hope to retain.
D) a and b are true.
E) a, b, and c are true.

Question 75

Exhibit 5-6: Classify each of the following hypotheses as directional research, nondirectional research, or null.
Refer to Exhibit 5-6.There is a relationship between students' use of word processing and the quality of their written compositions.

A) directional research
B) nondirectional research
C) null.

Question 76

Null hypotheses are employed to

A) prove there is a relationship between the variables of the study.
B) prove there is no relationship between the variables.
C) investigate why there is no relationship when one is expected.
D) compare findings of a study with what would be expected by chance.

Question 77

Exhibit 5-6: Classify each of the following hypotheses as directional research, nondirectional research, or null.
Refer to Exhibit 5-6.Methods A and B are equally effective in teaching English composition.

A) directional research
B) nondirectional research
C) null.

Question 78

If the research hypothesis states that alcohol affects short-term memory, the null hypothesis states

A) alcohol does not decrease short-term memory.
B) alcohol decreases short-term memory.
C) alcohol has no effect on short-term memory.
D) alcohol increases short-term memory.

Question 79

Which one of the following is not included in the criteria for an acceptable research hypothesis?

A) It explains existing data in simpler terms than competing hypotheses do.
B) It has better than a 50 percent chance of being true.
C) It fits into a framework of existing theories.
D) It does not contradict the laws of nature.
E) It presents an adequate explanation of the research problem.

Question 80

Exhibit 5-5: Evaluate the adequacy of each of the following statements as a scientific hypothesis.
Refer to Exhibit 5-5.Children from homes of a high socioeconomic status will make more positive evaluations of a variety of school-related concepts than will children from homes of low socioeconomic status.

A) inadequate, less than two variables
B) inadequate, no statement of relationship
C) inadequate, not testable
D) adequate hypothesis