Deck 16: The Changing Workplace

Question 1

The number of children a woman must have,on average,to assure that one daughter survives to reproductive age is known as total fertility rate.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

When an implied covenant of good faith is breached,the employer's ability to fire is limitless.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The transfer of work from a domestic to a foreign location is known as offshoring.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The doctrine of liberty of contract allowed employers and workers to negotiate all aspects of the employment contract without any government interference.

Question 5

The six environmental forces that create turbulence in the workplace are interconnected.

Question 6

The ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs,companies,or industries as business conditions change is known as labor flexibility.

Question 7

The doctrine of liberty of contract gave equal powers to all parties,thus,employers and employees were at an equal footing.

Question 8

Nonwage costs including payments for social security,health insurance,and payroll taxes that employers must pay to cover disability,unemployment,and similar benefits are known as externalities.

Question 9

The four fundamental standards to protect basic worker rights which have been set forth in various international labor conventions are known as the fair labor standards.

Question 10

Regular employees who are expected to remain with the firm forever are known as datsusara.

Question 11

The agricultural sector is the most dominant sector in the United States.

Question 12

The agreement by which an employee exchanges his/her labor in return for specific pay and working conditions is known as a compromise agreement.

Question 13

Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable.

Question 14

The sector of occupations that add value to manufactured goods is known as the service sector.

Question 15

The social welfare model is a form of industry-labor-government cooperation in which government strongly regulates the labor market to secure expansive rights and generous benefits for workers.

Question 16

A community firm is a Japanese company that operates on a model analogous to a family.

Question 17

Structural change refers to any shift in the proportions of agricultural,goods-producing,and service occupations in an economy.

Question 18

In the United States,common law holds that employers and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts and that either party may freely end these agreements anytime.

Question 19

The transfer of work from within a company to an outside supplier is known as out-tasking.

Question 20

The large cohort of workers born between 1946 and 1964 are known as the baby-bust generation.

Question 21

When a company transfers work of any kind to an outside supplier rather than pay its own employees to do it,it is called:

A) nearshoring.
B) outsourcing.
C) co-sourcing.
D) homesourcing.

Question 22

The number of children a woman must have on average to ensure that one daughter survives to reproductive age is known as:

A) total fertility rate.
B) sub-replacement fertility.
C) replacement fertility rate.
D) net reproduction rate.

Question 23

Manufacturing,mining,and construction are a part of the _____ sector.

A) agricultural
B) service
C) goods-producing
D) agrarian

Question 24

The doctrine of liberty of contract:

A) entails government subsidy of salaries for workers who lacked enough work.
B) creates more jobs by mandating shorter hours,forcing companies to hire more people to maintain output.
C) allows employers and employees to negotiate their wages,hours,duties,and conditions without government interference.
D) requires regular employees to remain with the firm.

Question 25

Which of the following is true regarding the demographic changes noticed in American society?

A) The population is growing at a faster rate now.
B) The fertility rate of women is just below the replacement fertility rate.
C) The labor force is becoming homogeneous in gender,race,and ethnicity.
D) The workforce is becoming younger.

Question 26

An agreement by which an employee exchanges his/her labor in return for specific pay and working conditions is called a(n):

A) yellow-dog contract.
B) employment contract.
C) compromise agreement.
D) nondisclosure agreement.

Question 27

The transfer of work from a domestic to a foreign country,or to a foreign supplier is called:

A) offshoring.
B) telecommuting.
C) nearshoring.
D) homesourcing.

Question 28

Which of the following is true regarding immigration in various countries?

A) Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable.
B) Many European nations are strongly ethnocentric and welcome immigrants.
C) The Japanese easily integrate with non-Japanese people in their workplaces.
D) Since the replacement rate in the United States has fallen below the fertility rate,continued immigration will prevent the population declines facing Europe and Japan.

Question 29

Which of the following is true regarding the doctrine of liberty of contract?

A) It prohibited the firing at will of employees.
B) It took care of the unchallenged dominion of employers,thereby reducing the incidents of negligent treatment of workers.
C) It assumed equal bargaining power for all parties,whereas employers unquestionably predominated.
D) It ensured that employers found no opportunity to exploit employees.

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding the competitive pressures faced by American companies?

A) Large industries such as airlines and telecommunications are deregulated.
B) Foreign trade has been declining at a constant rate since 1960.
C) In less affluent,less industrialized countries,wages are lower due to scarcity of labor compared with demand.
D) By global standards,American workers are quite economical.

Question 31

The large cohort of workers born between 1946 and 1964 are known as:

A) the baby-boom generation.
B) Gen X.
C) Gen Y.
D) the baby-bust generation.

Question 32

Which of the following sectors includes fishing and forestry occupations?

A) Agricultural
B) Goods-producing
C) Service
D) Manufacturing

Question 33

According to a long-range 2050 projection of the American labor force:

A) the largest increase will be in the percentage of Asians.
B) the Hispanic growth rate will be slower than Asians.
C) the percentage of women in the labor force will increase by 5.5 percentage point.
D) whites will decline as a percentage of the labor force.

Question 34

Which of the following sectors includes jobs in retailing,transportation,and health care?

A) Service
B) Manufacturing
C) Agricultural
D) Goods-producing

Question 35

Which of the following is true regarding the structural changes seen in American society?

A) The agricultural sector employs most number of Americans.
B) The percentage of workers employed in the goods-producing sector is declining.
C) There is a drastic decline in the number of employees in the service sector.
D) The American job landscape is shaped by four long-term structural trends.

Question 36

The _____ sector is considered to add value to manufactured goods.

A) agrarian
B) service
C) environmental
D) agricultural

Question 37

Which of the following acts outlawed the yellow dog contracts?

A) The National Labor Relations Act
B) The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act
C) The McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act
D) The Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a part of the six environmental forces that create turbulence in the workplace?

A) Demographic change
B) Climate change
C) Structural change
D) Competitive pressures

Question 39

What type of change is caused by the processes of job creation and job destruction that alter the mix of work in an economy?

A) Technological
B) Demographic
C) Structural
D) Legislative

Question 40

Sequences of actions that add value to products and services are called business:

A) communications.
B) logics.
C) processes.
D) patterns.

Question 41

The first wave of federal workplace regulation established:

A) drug test rules.
B) worker health and safety rules.
C) union rights.
D) pension rights.

Question 42

In Japanese industries,a community firm is a company that:

A) consolidated into national entities with deeply antagonistic goals.
B) avoids hinted promises of job tenure.
C) is owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefits.
D) operates on a model analogous to a family.

Question 43

The German term " _____ " refers to a program in which the government subsidizes worker pay to promote employment.

A) nenko
B) kurzarbeit
C) elterngeld
D) oportunidades

Question 44

Japanese firms pay their employees on the _____ curve,a slowly rising wage scale based largely on seniority that allows for small differentials based on ability and provides a comfortable income fitting various stages.

A) nenko
B) karoshi
C) kaizen
D) salaryman

Question 45

The four fundamental standards to protect basic worker rights set forth in international labor conventions are known as _____ standards.

A) core labor
B) agency worker
C) fair labor
D) second New Deal

Question 46

Which of the following is true regarding the common-law principle that governs the employer-employee relationship in the United States?

A) It holds that employer and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts.
B) It holds that employers and employees can end their agreement subject to predetermined conditions.
C) It allows the employee to work for the employer's and his/her benefit.
D) It says that when a conflict arises between an employee and an employer,the employee's viewpoint should be considered.

Question 47

Workplace fatalities have declined after the creation of the:

A) National Labor Relations Board.
B) Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
C) Employment and Training Administration.
D) U.S.Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board.

Question 48

The _____ wave of federal workplace regulation moved federal law into the areas of protection of civil rights.

A) third
B) fourth
C) first
D) second

Question 49

Which of the following is a Japanese word denoting death from the stress of overwork?

A) Maquiladora
B) Karoshi
C) Nenko
D) Datsusara

Question 50

The yellow dog contract was a type of employer-employee agreement according to which workers would:

A) not associate themselves with any unions.
B) leave if they behaved unlawfully.
C) remain with the firm.
D) not disclose confidential information.

Question 51

Nonwage costs,including payments for social security,health insurance,and payroll taxes that employers must pay to cover disability,unemployment,maternity leave,and similar benefits are known as:

A) externalities.
B) community firm costs.
C) social welfare costs.
D) superannuation costs.

Question 52

What did the third wave of federal workplace regulation deal with?

A) Union rights
B) Polygraph and drug test rules
C) Pension rights
D) Civil rights

Question 53

The _____ contract was traditionally defined as an employment contract that could be ended by either the employer or the employee without notice and for any or no reason.

A) right-to-work
B) individual freedom
C) employment at-will
D) just cause

Question 54

Which of the following Acts prohibits employers from discriminating against applicants or employees based on hereditary information?

A) The Employment Non-Discrimination Act
B) The Biologics Control Act
C) The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
D) The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

Question 55

Salarymen are:

A) also called blue-collar businessmen.
B) titles given to senior members of non-profit organizations.
C) regular employees who are expected to remain with a firm permanently.
D) legal officers of a company or unincorporated business.

Question 56

Which of the following acts guaranteed union organizing and bargaining rights?

A) The Employee Free Choice Act
B) The National Labor Relations Act
C) The Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act
D) The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act

Question 57

Which of the following is true regarding salarymen?

A) They constantly look for better opportunities.
B) Their performance is not stressed upon.
C) They take constant vacations.
D) They must work long hours.

Question 58

The _____ model is a form of industry-labor-government cooperation in which government strongly regulates the labor market to secure expansive rights and high benefits for workers.

A) social welfare
B) community firm
C) macroeconomic
D) surplus labor

Question 59

Under the doctrine of ____,an employee must act "solely and entirely" for the employer's benefit in all work-related matters or be liable for termination and damages.

A) liberty of contract
B) employment-at-will
C) good faith
D) strict liability

Question 60

The Japanese worker compensation system defines _____ as a syndrome marked by emotional and physical stress accumulated during six months or more of overwork.

A) nenko
B) keiretsu
C) karoshi
D) maquiladora

Question 61

What changes did the Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act bring?

Question 62

What was the doctrine of liberty of contract? What was its greatest flaw?

Question 63

What is meant by the nenko curve?

Question 64

Discuss the worker protection scenario in Germany.

Question 65

Eliminating all forced or compulsory labor,abolishing child labor,eliminating employment discrimination,and guaranteeing the right of collective bargaining are part of the _____ standards.

A) second New Deal
B) fair labor
C) core labor
D) agency worker

Question 66

What is the worker protection scenario in Japan?

Question 67

What is an employment contract?

Question 68

Research suggests that in heavily regulated labor markets:

A) firm size is bigger.
B) unemployment lasts longer.
C) companies invest more in new technology.
D) the labor force is more skilled.

Question 69

Which of the following is a competitiveness goal?

A) Job security
B) Limited hours
C) Collective bargaining
D) Create jobs

Question 70

Labor flexibility is the:

A) view that business is analogous to a game and special,lower ethics are permissible.
B) ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs as business conditions change.
C) transferring of work from within a company to an outside supplier to cut labor costs.
D) agreement by which an employee exchanges his/her labor in return for specific pay and working conditions.

Question 71

Discuss employment-at-will doctrine.What are the three major common-law exceptions to firing at will?

Question 72

What are the core labor standards? Define labor flexibility.

Question 73

What are the three important noticeable trends in the American labor force?

Question 74

Explain structural change.

Question 75

Define replacement fertility rate.

Question 76

What is a business process?

Question 77

What are the six environmental forces that create most of the turbulence in the workplace?

Question 78

Which of the following is a worker protection goal?

A) Collective bargaining
B) Encourage investment
C) Allow turnover
D) Reduce regulatory burden

Question 79

What are structural changes? What are the structural changes that American society has undergone?

Question 80

What is the difference between outsourcing and offshoring?