Deck 2: Britain and Its Colonies

Question 1

Although English settlers in New England considered the area to be "virgin land," more than 100,000 Native Americans inhabited the region.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The stockholders who invested in the Virginia Company were motivated primarily by:

A) religion
B) a spirit of adventure
C) curiosity about the New World
D) personal loyalty to James I
E) financial profit

Answer 2

financial profit

Question 3

After being banished from Massachusetts because of his strict interpretation of the Puritan faith, Roger Williams founded Rhode Island.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company.

Question 5

Nathaniel Bacon was a former indentured servant who led a Virginia rebellion.

Question 6

Peter Stuyvesant was the defiant governor of Rhode Island.

Question 7

Englishmen had a very well-developed sense of liberty as a result of the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament.

Question 8

Due to its harsh winters, New England's death rate was higher than that of Maryland or Virginia.

Question 9

By the mid-1670s, many of Virginia's free white adult males owned no land, and squatting became a significant problem.

Question 10

An Indian attack in 1622 killed about one fourth of Virginia's settlers, including John Rolfe.

Question 11

The "Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" established a formal nobility and provided for religious toleration.

Question 12

Delaware was originally part of Pennsylvania.

Question 13

Sir Edwin Sandys took over the Virginia Company in 1618 and instituted important changes that stabilized the colony.

Question 14

The Glorious Revolution of 1688:

A) increased the power of Parliament
B) resulted in the execution of Charles I
C) ended with the death of Oliver Cromwell
D) temporarily abolished the monarchy
E) delayed the American Revolution

Question 15

As a result of the "Glorious Revolution," England abolished the monarchy and became a republic.

Question 16

James I:

A) was the first of the Stuart monarchs
B) openly favored the Puritans
C) recognized the supreme authority of Parliament
D) conquered Scotland
E) was wise and open-minded

Question 17

The Indian wars of the mid-1670s cost proportionately more casualties than any other American war.

Question 18

Charles I:

A) was willing to negotiate the extent of royal power
B) was returned to power after the English Civil War
C) protected Puritans during his reign
D) disbanded Parliament from 1629-1640
E) married numerous times in an effort to secure a male heir

Question 19

New Netherland became one of the most ethnically diverse American colonies.

Question 20

Which is true of English society by the early 1600s?

A) The right to trial by jury had yet to be established.
B) There was a growing population of beggars and vagabonds.
C) There were no limits on the power of the monarch.
D) Titled nobles dominated the House of Commons.
E) There were no significant class distinctions.

Question 21

As Jamestown's leader, Captain John Smith:

A) made the colony a democracy
B) tried to wipe out Powhatan's Confederacy
C) made the colonists work in order to eat
D) argued that the colony should be abandoned
E) discovered deposits of gold and silver

Question 22

For the English preparing to colonize America, one model of settlement was provided by their country's prior experience in:

A) Africa
B) Scotland
C) Iceland
D) Ireland
E) the Canary Islands

Question 23

In the "starving time" of 1609-1610, Jamestown settlers:

A) overthrew John Smith
B) ate horses, dogs, rats, boots, and mice
C) went back to England
D) first started growing tobacco
E) went to live with the Indians

Question 24

The man who became head of the Virginia Company of London in 1618 and instituted a series of reforms to save the colony was:

A) John Rolfe
B) Sir Edwin Sandys
C) John Smith
D) Peter Stuyvesant
E) Sir Thomas Gates

Question 25

One of the important factors aiding the survival of the early Jamestown settlers was:

A) the large sums of money that were used to bring additional supplies to them regularly
B) their willingness to work hard and sacrifice for the good of the whole colony
C) the assistance they received from the Indians
D) the lack of the diseases and hardships that afflicted other colonies
E) the democratic government established by the Virginia Company

Question 26

The early settlers of New England differed from those of the Chesapeake by being primarily:

A) English
B) Protestant
C) white
D) middle-class
E) male

Question 27

One outstanding characteristic of Jamestown in its initial years was:

A) the high percentage of slaves in its population
B) complete freedom of religion
C) the influence of women in its government
D) the absence of effective leaders
E) the high mortality rate among its settlers

Question 28

Maryland was much like Virginia in that it:

A) banned Catholics
B) was owned by a joint-stock company
C) promoted religious freedom
D) was politically dominated by small farmers
E) had a tobacco-based economy

Question 29

Bacon's Rebellion:

A) brought indentured servants and small farmers together against the colony's rich planters and political leaders
B) had the support of nearby Indian tribes
C) resulted from changes in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina that discriminated against Puritans
D) forced Governor Berkeley to abandon the colony and return to England
E) sought to make Virginia independent of England

Question 30

Pocahontas, or Matoaka,:

A) was the daughter of Powhatan
B) refused to convert to Christianity
C) married John Smith
D) played virtually no role in the relationship between the natives and the English
E) like many women of that era, died young and childless

Question 31

The leader of the Pilgrims who established the Plymouth colony was:

A) John Winthrop
B) William Bradford
C) Roger Williams
D) Lord Baltimore
E) John Calvin

Question 32

The headright system adopted for the Virginia colony consisted of:

A) giving fifty acres of land to anyone who would transport himself to the colony and fifty more for any servants he might bring
B) "selling" wives to single male settlers
C) auctioning black slaves to settlers
D) giving free land to all servants who came to the colony
E) giving free land in return for five years of military service

Question 33

The English Puritans

A) converted James I to their perspective
B) rejected the doctrines of Martin Luther
C) opposed Catholic elements in the Church of England
D) believed in religious freedom
E) believed people could be saved by their own actions, not just by God's grace

Question 34

Sir William Berkeley:

A) arrived as Virginia's royal governor in 1642
B) caused an economic collapse as a result of his policies
C) waged near-constant war on the local Indian tribes
D) Disbanded the Virginia legislative assembly that had been formed in 1619
E) captured and executed Nathaniel Bacon

Question 35

The Mayflower Compact:

A) completely separated civil and church governments
B) was developed by settlers in Massachusetts Bay
C) provided the original government for the Plymouth colony
D) called for total religious toleration
E) originated in the House of Commons

Question 36

All of the following are true of the Pilgrims EXCEPT that they:

A) established the Plymouth colony
B) based their initial colonial government on the Mayflower Compact
C) were Separatists who had abandoned the Church of England
D) originally fled to Holland
E) were a sect of radical Catholics

Question 37

In 1624, a British court dissolved the struggling Virginia Company, and Virginia:

A) was merged with New England
B) no longer existed
C) became a royal colony
D) lost all its funding
E) was given to the king's brother, the Duke of York

Question 38

The Jamestown colony finally attained a measure of prosperity from:

A) land sales
B) trade with Indians
C) gold discoveries
D) tobacco
E) trade with Spanish Florida

Question 39

Which of the following was NOT true of Nathaniel Bacon?

A) He embodied many of the frustrations felt by the average Virginian at the time.
B) He opposed the economic dominance of the large planters who had the governor's ear.
C) He led a revolt of the poor against well-connected and wealthy.
D) He has been called the "Torchbearer of the Revolution."
E) He had a close relationship with Governor Berkeley.

Question 40

Maryland was established in 1634 as a refuge for:

A) debtors
B) Puritans
C) ex-convicts
D) Anglicans
E) English Catholics

Question 41

In the Southeast, the profitability of Indian captives prompted a frenzy of:

A) slaving activity
B) head-hunting
C) raiding Indian villages to capture children
D) dishonest treaty making
E) missionary activity

Question 42

After 1644, the right to vote in Massachusetts Bay was restricted to those who:

A) owned 100 acres of land
B) had come in the first voyage from Britain
C) were literate and had good moral character
D) had been listed as freemen in the original charter
E) were members of a Puritan church

Question 43

The major cause of King Philip's War was:

A) Indian resentment over forced conversions to Christianity
B) King Philip's desire for territorial expansion
C) Indian anger over their destruction from European diseases
D) Indian feelings of racial superiority over the English
E) the need of Indian warriors to prove themselves in battle

Question 44

Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts for:

A) challenging the authority of local ministers
B) championing equal rights for women
C) insufficient knowledge of the Bible
D) believing good works would earn a place in heaven
E) refusing to uphold the Sabbath

Question 45

When Massachusetts leader John Winthrop spoke of "a city upon a hill," he was referring to that colony's desire to:

A) be financially successful
B) become independent of England
C) serve as a model Christian community
D) establish an ideal government
E) convert the Indians to Christianity

Question 46

The first Jews in the colonies:

A) were wealthy
B) soon became very numerous
C) arrived in New Netherland
D) found quick acceptance from Christians
E) migrated to Massachusetts

Question 47

A large number of South Carolina's original settlers were British planters from:

A) Barbados
B) Maryland
C) Jamaica
D) Georgia
E) North Carolina

Question 48

The colonies established after the Restoration were all:

A) joint-stock ventures
B) royal colonies
C) proprietary colonies
D) Christian commonwealths
E) west of the Appalachians

Question 49

Roger Williams believed:

A) that Puritanism was the only suitable religion for Massachusetts
B) in the propriety of linking church with the state
C) that Indians should be forcibly Christianized
D) that compulsory church attendance was an important tenet of the Christian faith
E) that it was wrong to confiscate Indian lands

Question 50

The major reason Charles II decided to wrest New Netherland from the Dutch was the threat of that colony's:

A) commercial success
B) military strength
C) religious freedom
D) form of government
E) friendship with the Indians

Question 51

The Iroquois:

A) were five Indian tribes that united to fight the Dutch settlers who invaded their homeland
B) controlled much of eastern North America during the second half of the seventeenth century
C) were known for their pacifism, even in the face of almost certain destruction
D) developed a written language and a constitutional government
E) consistently supported the French over the English

Question 52

The English Civil War affected the American colonies by:

A) permitting the colonies to essentially govern themselves
B) requiring Puritanism to be adopted in every colony
C) by placing members of Oliver Cromwell's family as colonial governors
D) allowing them to pledge their loyalty to Spain during the crisis
E) devastating the Native American culture in New England

Question 53

Puritans viewed the Indian belief in nature filled with spirits as:

A) reasonable
B) compatible with the Bible
C) pagan
D) harmless
E) exciting

Question 54

The log cabin:

A) was the essential form of housing for the early settlers in all colonies
B) originated in the Carolinas
C) was the contribution of Scandinavian settlers in New Sweden
D) was first used by the Pilgrims in Plymouth colony
E) was the chief form of housing for Eastern Woodlands Indians

Question 55

English merchants in the Carolinas by the early 1700s established a thriving trade with southern Indians for:

A) beaver pelts
B) fish
C) indigo
D) corn
E) deerskins

Question 56

For the Pequots, the result of the 1637 war that they fought with New England settlers was:

A) retention of most of their traditional lands
B) a religious crisis
C) slaughter and enslavement
D) revenge for the previous cruelties of the English
E) leadership of all other Indians in the region

Question 57

Roger Williams founded Rhode Island after he:

A) devoted himself to converting the Indians
B) decided he was no longer a Christian
C) had been banished from Massachusetts for his religious opinions
D) led a rebellion against the government of Massachusetts
E) discovered it had the best farmland in New England

Question 58

New England's Congregationalist churches were:

A) open to everyone
B) self-governing
C) tolerant of other religions
D) morally opposed to slavery
E) financially supported by the king

Question 59

The various Iroquois tribes warred against tribes such as the Hurons and Eries to:

A) secure control of the beaver trade
B) impress the English and the Dutch
C) impose their culture on their traditional enemies
D) replace their population lost to disease
E) improve their fighting skills

Question 60

During Oliver Cromwell's rule, defeated English Royalists would most likely seek refuge in:

A) New Hampshire
B) Virginia
C) Connecticut
D) New Jersey
E) Massachusetts

Question 61

"The lack of plan was the genius of British colonization." What does this statement mean? How accurate is it?

Question 62

Georgia's colonial beginnings are remarkably different than those of other colonies. Discuss how Spain's presence in Florida impacted the southern colonies.

Question 63

Describe the general pattern of white-Indian relations in the British colonies. Discuss Indian relations with Virginia, Massachusetts, and Carolina colonists making sure to examine European motivations.

Question 65

By the early eighteenth century, the English colonies in North America:

A) extended beyond the Appalachians
B) had eliminated their French and Spanish rivals
C) were the most populous and prosperous on the continent
D) were on the verge of independence from England
E) remained tiny outposts of civilization

Question 66

By the early eighteenth century, the British had outstripped both the French and the Spanish in the New World by becoming the most populous, prosperous, and powerful. Explain how this happened.

Question 67

All of the following are true of the English Quakers EXCEPT that they:

A) were pacifists
B) refused to take oaths
C) suffered great persecution
D) followed charismatic preachers
E) counted William Penn among their number

Question 68

Discuss the settlement of the Carolinas. How and why did they divide into two separate colonies?

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT true of Georgia?

A) It was the last of the English colonies to be established.
B) It was to serve as a military buffer against Spanish Florida.
C) Its first permanent settlement was Savannah.
D) It succeeded in keeping out slavery.
E) James Oglethorpe led the initial settlers.

Question 70

Discuss the impact Bacon's Rebellion had on indentured servitude and African slavery.

Question 71

Discuss the transition of New Netherland into New York. Detail the negotiations that led to the transfer.

Question 72

Discuss the various ways in which domestic political affairs in Britain affected colonization in the New World.

Question 73

The British colonies differed from the Spanish in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) they experienced less centralized control
B) they were developed with private investment funds rather than royal money
C) they were in a more compact geographical area
D) they encountered no Indian empires like the Aztecs or Incas
E) they were supported by a weaker navy.

Question 74

Describe the relationships between Indians and the colonists of New England.

Question 75

Describe the background, major events, and results of Bacon's Rebellion.

Question 76

The colony of Pennsylvania was:

A) based upon lands seized from the Indians
B) open to all religious believers
C) populated solely by the English
D) governed by Quaker ministers
E) considered part of New England

Question 77

Do there seem to be connections between a colony's purpose and its success? That is, what type of colony seemed most apt to succeed? What type seemed most likely to fail?

Question 78

Explain the concept of separatism as it related to the Puritans who settled at Plymouth.

Question 79

Compare the settlements of Virginia and Massachusetts in regard to their founding religion, form of government, and landholding patterns. It is noted that settlers to New England had a greater life expectancy than those to colonies south of the Chesapeake Bay. Why?

Question 80

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.