Deck 21: Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations

Question 1

Our perception of a presenter's character affects how believable or convincing we find that person.The projection of credibility via personal character is called:

A) logos
B) pathos
C) epideictic
D) ethos
E) enthymeme

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In a research presentation,a supporting material known as "analogy" is defined as:

A) a critical incident selected to prove an overarching claim; brief rather than detailed stories.
B) numerical data used in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, but also found in data collection planning.
C) a comparison between two different things to highlight a point of similarity; not offered as conclusive proof for an argument, but may be useful to clarify the argument or presenter's position.
D) an implicit comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common; expresses the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar, achieving its effect via association, comparison, and resemblance.
E) verifiable data about situations that exist or events that are known to have occurred; often involving statistical data.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The basis of persuasion was defined by Aristotle with his three principles of proof.They are

A) logos, pathos, and ethos
B) logos, enthymeme, and forensic
C) forensic, deliberative, and epideictic
D) dialectic, rhetoric, and ethos
E) none of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the Motivated Sequence form of presentational organization?

A) Uses time sequence for a framework [e.g., by when each research activity (focus group, survey, experiment) occurred].
B) The sequence of ideas, which, by following the normal processes of human thinking, motivates an audience to respond to the speaker's purpose.
C) First part describes the cause of a problem, the second describes its effect, and the third presents a solution.
D) Material is organized from the least important information to the most important.
E) Benefits, disadvantages, how benefits are superior are discussed.

Question 5

A research presentation has some unique characteristics that distinguish it from other kinds of public speaking.Which of the following are not true?

A) Small audience
B) Audience members who will each use the research findings and conclusions differently given their managerial responsibilities
C) Condensing a lengthy and complex body of information
D) A large audience with expectations to be entertained
E) All of the above

Question 6

The choice of visual aids is affected by ____.

A) intended purpose
B) size of the audience
C) meeting room conditions
D) budget constraints
E) all of the above

Question 7

A tendency presenters should avoid during a presentation is to ____.

A) turn against the audience to read from a slide
B) maintain good eye contact
C) vary the volume and rate of speech
D) distribute a handout when ready to refer to it
E) all of the above

Question 8

A short presentation to a small group where statistics constitute much of the content is called a ____.

A) deposition
B) interview
C) briefing
D) announcement
E) speech

Question 9

A means of support in a research presentation that enhances ethos is:

A) Testimony/Expert opinion
B) Statistics
C) Specific instance
D) Metaphor

Question 10

The research literature on speech organization ...

A) recommends the narrative pattern as the organizational framework that is superior.
B) does not support the conclusion of one overall superior method for organizing.
C) provides experimental research for the use of trios, triplets, or triads.
D) recommends the chronological time sequence for a framework.

Question 11

Several psychological principles have important implications for speakers.Which of the following is true?

A) An audience member comes to the presentation with past knowledge of the speaker's topic and will judge the presentation based on selective perception.
B) An audience member comes to the presentation with limited knowledge of the topic and will remain open-minded throughout the presentation.
C) Each audience member organizes his or her unique construct of the content presented, which is unrelated to listener experience and openness to change.
D) There is no need for the speaker to attempt to construct imaginatively how the audience will interpret the message because it is impossible to know in advance.
E) All of the above

Question 12

Stories are a strong form of supporting material.Which are steps to a good story?

A) Use the principle of "tweets"-140 characters or less-to keep your sentences dramatic and punchy.
B) Use the story as a mechanism to show passion and excitement about your topic.
C) Use audience analysis to match the story to your audience and topic.
D) Keep humorous stories short to capture the punch line quickly.
E) All of the above

Question 13

"Who will I be addressing?" and "Why should my listeners really care about the information I present?" are two questions that are:

A) Key for developing the logos of your presentation.
B) Essential for audience analysis
C) Primary considerations for delivering web presentations
D) Desirable for recall at the beginning of the presentation (recency effect)
E) Ways of adapting to auditory learners

Question 14

When should handouts be distributed during an oral presentation?

A) They should be at everyone's seat at the start of the meeting
B) At the beginning of the speaker's presentation
C) When the speaker is ready to refer to the handout
D) At the end of the presentation
E) Following the presentation accompanied by a thank you letter

Question 15

Which characteristic of a web-based presentation is not essential?

A) Use of a Web presentation platform
B) A presenter who remotely controls the delivery of visual aids to the audience's computer while speaking to the audience via computer or a controlled-access phone line.
C) Audience rapport affecting the logos of the presentation and the shorter period needed for planning.
D) Audience access to type in questions throughout the presentation and the ability of the presenter to respond to questions.
E) An invited audience who participates via the Web from their office or a Web-equipped room.

Question 16

Logos provides explicit support for a position and ...

A) this translates into supporting evidence that reveal the researchers' findings.
B) should not be the only source of support although it is the core of most research presentations.
C) uses a variation of the syllogism where one or more minor premises are left unstated, but where the audience provides the missing premises to reach the conclusion.
D) is not the strongest of the three appeals.
E) All of the above

Question 17

Which term below refers to a conversational-style of oral presentation that relies on minimal notes?

A) Briefing
B) Extemporaneous presentation
C) Formal presentation
D) Interview
E) Discussion

Question 18

What are the three types of learners?

A) Learners in small, large, and research presentation audiences
B) Visual, auditory, and media-savvy
C) Rule of thirds-type learners
D) Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic

Question 19

The ultimate success of a presentation depends on the speaker's ability:

A) To know why should my listeners really care about the information presented.
B) To understand the demographic and dispositional audience characteristics.
C) To anticipate audience response.
D) To know the needs of key audience members either through informal or advance conversations.
E) all of the above.

Question 20

When making an oral presentation,the speaker should ____.

A) vary the volume, pitch, voice quality, articulation, and pace of speaking
B) memorize the speech
C) begin with recommendations
D) be comfortable enough with the material to "wing it"
E) speak quickly

Question 21

Which is the following best describes nonverbal communication? Nonverbal communication ______.

A) Is not conveyed through other than though verbal means.
B) Does not encompass clothing and bodily characteristics, but considers the physical environment (physical space and time).
C) Is a significant component of the speaker's presentation, studies cite as high as 93 percent.
D) Is principally composed of paralanguage (nonverbal cues of the voice).
E) None of the listed answers are correct

Question 22

Which of the following statements about "visualization" is not true?

A) Visuals are fundamental to business presentations.
B) Visualization involves developing and organizing support materials that help the audience share in your understanding of the data.
C) The composition and knowledge of the audience, the venue, and amount of time all influence choices in visualization.
D) Twenty percent of the information humans receive comes through their eyes. For research presentations, this number is slightly higher.
E) Presentations constructed solely as PowerPoint slides result in the presenter supplying the verbal content of a document ineffectually because the audience reads faster than he or she can speak.

Question 23

A three-point speech may contain which of these variations?

A) Introduction-body-conclusion
B) Overview-body-recap
C) Introduction- three best supporting points-conclusion
D) Surprising introduction- three stories- memorable conclusion tying the stories together
E) All of the above

Question 24

Scripts (full manuscripts of a presentation)are

A) most frequently used in impromptu speaking.
B) important in the planning phase but should be shelved by the time you get to practice.
C) more reliable than note cards to reduce stage fright.
D) are more accepted as props than speaker note cards.
E) all of the above

Question 25

Optimal strategies for coping with performance anxiety include:

A) eliminate the imagination of negative possibilities, and think about the positive outcomes of a successful presentation.
B) remember that one cannot control other's reactions or judgments, but only one's own performance.
C) refocus one's attention away from self and increase one's awareness of others, without considering them as judges.
D) reduce the imagined power of others by increasing the sense of one's own power.
E) all of the above

Question 26

Facts (supporting material)are defined as:

A) verifiable data about situations that exist or events that are known to have occurred
B) a critical incident selected to prove an overarching claim
C) a single instance used to clarify a complex concept
D) a comparison between two different things to highlight a point of similarity

Question 27

Which psychological principle influences visualization?

A) Audience inability to process large amounts of information at one time should reduce the complexity of your support.
B) It is not critical for your presentation to convey what is new or a change with a separate slide or handout.
C) Use unknown visualization techniques.
D) Your audience will not automatically group items together, even if you give them such groupings.

Question 28

How are elements of pathos established in a research presentation?

A) By collecting past impressions from prior associations
B) Interviewing critical members of the intended audience
C) Surveying a sample of the invitees regarding agreement with a series of statements about issues
D) Discovering demographic and dispositional audience characteristics
E) All of the above

Question 29

In research presentations,which of the following aspects of the delivery is incorrect?

A) The delivery should be more restrained than in those that seek action or behavioral change.
B) Demeanor, posture, dress, and total appearance should be appropriate for the occasion.
C) Speed of speech, clarity of enunciation, pauses, and gestures all play a part.
D) Rapport-developing techniques are not essential because managers are in information seeking roles.
E) All but "D"

Question 30

The extemporaneous presentation is characterized by:

A) all material is committed to memory.
B) statistical orientation and graph-centered visuals.
C) verbatim delivery of a presentation script.
D) minimal notes; preparation includes fully prepared scripting; audience-centered.

Question 31

Which of the following is not true about stories as supporting material?

A) Stories tell the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events
B) Describing your experience with the research study lends a real-life impression that cannot be achieved through facts or statistics
C) Stories are most powerful when they do not involve personal experience
D) Describing your experience with the research study lends a real-life impression that cannot be achieved through facts or statistics

Question 32

If you were creating a slide,what characteristics would you aim for?

A) Low word count and the 10-20-30 rule.
B) Simplicity by considering using a title only.
C) Keep it simple and choose a font size = oldest age / 2.
D) Slideuments that are recommended by PowerPoint and have served presenters well for over a decade.
E) All but D

Question 33

The design principle of white space means that the presenter should:

A) reduce ideas to their most simplistic to "stick" in the mind of the audience.
B) conceptualize the visual support materials on paper before composing the digital versions.
C) leave empty, uncluttered space surrounding important key visuals and text.
D) use the photographers tool (the rule of thirds), compose visuals with real or imaginary cross-hairs that divide the visual field.

Question 34

Which of the following are not modes of delivery?

A) Persuasive speaking
B) Manuscript reading
C) Impromptu speaking
D) Extemporaneous presentation
E) Memorization

Question 35

Details in a presentation make a big difference.Which of the following is true about jargon and clutter in a presentation?

A) Using jargon is a not a danger in delivery of a research presentation where your audience has knowledge of the techniques of research or statistical analysis.
B) Clutter in a speech includes repetition of fillers such as "ah," "um," "you know," "like," "basically," or "exactly" and reduces speaker credibility.
C) Jargon, contrary to popular belief, does not add clumsy language and is not ultimately confusing all but the insiders to the "code."
D) Jargon is language specific only to research and is considered meaningless and generally unintelligible to people outside of the researcher group.

Question 36

A demonstration is a variation of speech with informative intent using visual aids.A good demonstration

A) contains logos, ethos, pathos
B) is essential in research presentations to facilitate understanding of statistics
C) creates a natural, emotional response
D) is short, simple, sweet, swift, and substantial

Question 37

Scripting has several key features,including

A) full sentences in the notes section of PowerPoint.
B) reworking your material, removing filler words from sentences, and leaving only key words.
C) memorizing the one key idea for each slide for practice.
D) practice for the presentation without notes using only the slide's keywords.
E) all of the above

Question 38

Four admonitions essential for research presentations -and presentations in general-include:

A) avoid keeping your hands at your sides, being animated and lively, leaning forward, and slow speaking rates.
B) use statistics, testimony, expert opinion, narration.
C) be conscious of eye contact, gestures, body orientation, and paralanguage.
D) develop your logical proof around facts, examples, specific instances, and pathos.

Question 39

Some research companies use templates that can be modified for specific presentations.When multiple presentations are made to the same audience of managers using such a template,presentations .....

A) may fail to hold attention and communicate persuasively
B) will be greeted enthusiastically by typical managers
C) will meet the requirements of planning in analog
D) will meet the requirements for audience analysis

Question 40

Photographic framing or creating a focal point for all visuals involves.

A) use high contrast to draw quickly audience attention to the main point.
B) rule of thirds: the cross-hairs form nine cells with four intersecting crossing points which may be used to line up the image, creating a balanced, arresting visual.
C) reduce clutter and use only the information and visual techniques necessary to convey the data, idea, or conclusion.
D) conceptualize the visual support materials on paper before composing the digital versions.
E) the audience should be able to perceive meaning from the location of elements.

Question 41

Paralanguage is an important part of planning and rehearsal.Which of the following describes the characteristics of paralanguage the speaker should focus on?

A) frequency of eye contact with the audience helps to establish rapport and comfort.
B) a speaking style that is animated and lively gains audience attention
C) standing erect, but not rigid, and leaning slightly forward communicates that you are approachable.
D) nonverbal communication including such vocal elements as tone, pitch, rhythm, pause, timbre, loudness, and inflection.
E) none of the above

Question 42

Which of the following design principles refers to the fact that the audience should be able to see the connection between visual slide elements and sense what information goes together?

A) Contrast
B) Clarity
C) Relationship
D) Whitespace
E) Flow aids

Question 43

Regarding ethos,Aristotle states:

A) without prior experience, presenters must borrow ethos by linking their methodology and procedures to credible sources with experience.
B) that three things move us to belief apart from any proof: good sense, goodwill, and good moral character.
C) the projection of credibility via emotional appeal is called ethos.
D) the logical argument provides explicit support for ethos.

Question 44

What is the 10-20-30 rule?

A) 30% of the audience will grasp 20% of your statistics if you speak longer than 10 minutes.
B) Use no more than 10 slides, no more than 20 minutes, and never use text on a slide smaller than 30 points.
C) Font size = oldest age /20
D) The ratio of proofs should be 10 ethos to 20 pathos to 30 logos
E) A revision of the visual principle of one-thirds.

Question 45

Provide some advice for an inexperienced speaker who is preparing to make an oral presentation.

Question 46

Visuals are important in a research presentation because:

A) Recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position on a list or an argument's sequence.
B) The Motivated Sequence produces superior immediate recall though sight visualization.
C) About 40 percent of us are visual learners, people who learn through seeing.
D) The narrative pattern of organization results in significantly favorable attitudes toward the presentation through visuals.

Question 47

Which psychological principle that influences visualization is defined as: your audience's attention is drawn to large perceptible differences?

A) Principle of discriminability
B) Principle of salience
C) Principle of informative changes
D) Principle of capacity limitations
E) Principle of appropriate knowledge

Question 48

Describe the most important ways by which you can understand your audience in the planning phase of creating your presentation.

Question 49

Describe four of the seven supporting materials for presentations listed in the chapter.

Question 50

Noted presenter and author Nancy Duarte reminds us of the need to treat your audience as your first priority: She states,"They didn't come to your presentation to see you.They came to find out what you can do for them." This means that you should:

A) give them a reason for taking their time
B) provide content that resonates
C) ensure that it is clear what they are to do
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 51

When Barack Obama stated in his inaugural address "We must pick ourselves up,dust ourselves off,and begin again the work of remaking America," he was using a rhetorical device called:

A) the rule of three
B) introduction-body-conclusion
C) a proven screenwriting technique
D) the three-point speech
E) using stories to tell the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events.

Question 52

Statistics are numerical data useful and expected for research presentations.Which of the following statements about the use of statistics are true:?

A) to be a credible source of support, the listener needs to know if a statistic is valid and reliable, used correctly, properly interpreted, and relevant to the point.
B) statistics used in abundance have little effect on audience fatigue.
C) visuals are essential in research presentations to facilitate understanding of statistics.
D) all of the above
E) all but "B"

Question 53

A general planning list for a presentation should include answers to all but one of the following:

A) who makes up the audience?
B) why is the presentation occurring?
C) what does the audience want to learn about?
D) where will the presentation take place?
E) when is the best time to reveal your expertise to the audience?

Question 54

According to recent research in molecular biology,the brain appears to be making choices according to a timing pattern influenced by genetics and environment.Once thought of as a "20-minute fatigue factor," it is now more reasonable to consider your audience will become bored in:

A) 5 minutes
B) 10 minutes
C) 15 minutes
D) 20 minutes (no change)
E) 25 minutes