Deck 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

A girl's first menstruation is called _____.

A) gonadarche
B) spermarche
C) menarche
D) adrenarche

Answer 1

menarche

Question 2

Behind the first whisker in boys and the widening of hips in girls is a flood of _____, powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.

A) amino acids
B) phospholipids
C) enzymes
D) hormones

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

Which of the following is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls?

A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Estradiol
D) Luteinizing hormone

Answer 3

Estradiol

Question 4

Which of the following is a type of estrogen?

A) Insulin
B) Testosterone
C) Progesterone
D) Estradiol

Question 5

The mean age at the beginning of the growth spurt in girls is _____.

A) 6
B) 14
C) 12
D) 9

Question 6

Ms. Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty. What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first?

A) The first ejaculation
B) Voice changes
C) Increased penis and testicle size
D) Growth of facial hair

Question 7

Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a few years ago, and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than earlier. Grace is most likely experiencing:

A) normal changes during puberty.
B) difficulties due to significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C) abnormal development of male physical characteristics.
D) abnormal development of female physical characteristics.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Boys go through growth spurts earlier than girls do.
B) Both boys and girls who are shorter than their peers before puberty will actually surpass their peers during adolescence.
C) By the end of adolescence, most girls will be taller than boys.
D) Marked weight gains coincide with the onset of puberty for both boys and girls.

Question 9

Which of the following hormones dominates in male pubertal development?

A) Testosterone
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 10

Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence?

A) For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world.
B) For most individuals, adolescence is a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology, and deviance.
C) Most adolescents have a brush with juvenile delinquency.
D) Very few adolescents contribute positively to their communities and make a successful transition through adolescence.

Question 11

When Daniel Offer and his colleagues studied the self-images of adolescents in the United States, Australia, Bangladesh, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, and West Germany, at least _____ percent of the adolescents displayed a healthy self-image.

A) 25
B) 48
C) 60
D) 73

Question 12

Puberty refers to a period of:

A) declining abstract thought and emotional maturation during late adolescence involving neural and synaptic development in the brain.
B) declining gross motor development during late childhood due to the maturation of the temporal and parietal lobes.
C) rapid psychological and emotional maturation that lasts through adolescence and is a product of enhanced cognitive development.
D) rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.

Question 13

For the majority of teens, adolescence is marked by:

A) stress and storm.
B) delinquency.
C) a healthy self-image.
D) low self-esteem.

Question 14

Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings?

A) Anna Freud
B) Jean Piaget
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Daniel Offer

Question 15

The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at _____ years for girls and _____ years for boys.

A) 13; 14½
B) 12½; 11½
C) 11½; 13½
D) 10½; 13

Question 16

Puberty:

A) is the same as adolescence.
B) ends long before adolescence does.
C) occurs in a single, sudden event.
D) has an easily identifiable beginning and ending.

Question 17

Which of the following is typically the last male pubertal characteristic to occur?

A) The first ejaculation
B) Voice changes
C) Increased penis and testicle size
D) Growth of facial hair

Question 18

Fourteen-year-old Kent recently received his blood test results which indicate an eighteenfold increase in testosterone levels and a twofold increase in estradiol over the past few years. It appears that Kent:

A) is experiencing normal changes during puberty.
B) will be put on hormone therapy to correct the significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C) has abnormal levels of male sex hormones.
D) has abnormal levels of female sex hormones.

Question 19

The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs approximately _____ for girls than for boys.

A) two years earlier
B) one year earlier
C) two years later
D) one year later

Question 20

_____ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and deepening of the voice.

A) Testosterone
B) Estrogen
C) Estradiol
D) Progestin

Question 21

In the United States, the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth century.

A) increased marginally
B) declined significantly
C) increased significantly
D) not changed

Question 22

_____ is the "judgment" region that reins in intense emotions but doesn't finish developing until at least emerging adulthood.

A) Nucleus acumbens
B) Corpus callosum
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Amygdala

Question 23

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of getting HIV.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 25
D) 50

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is true?

A) Children in European countries mature up to a year earlier than their American counterparts.
B) For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.
C) Genes have little to do with when and how puberty develops.
D) Non-Latino White girls experience puberty earlier than African American girls.

Question 25

The U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate is _____ times as high as in the Netherlands.

A) ten
B) three
C) five
D) eight

Question 26

Who amongst the following is most likely to be dissatisfied with body image as pubertal change proceeds?

A) A girl in early adolescence
B) A girl in late adolescence
C) A boy in early adolescence
D) A boy in late adolescence

Question 27

According to a U.S. national survey conducted in 2009, by age 20, _____ percent of U.S. youth have engaged in sexual intercourse.

A) 77
B) 62
C) 90
D) 52

Question 28

Leading researcher Charles Nelson proposed the view that, although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions, their prefrontal cortex has not adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions. His view reflects the rapidly emerging field of _____, which involves connections between development, the brain, and socioemotional processes.

A) socioemotional neuroscience
B) biosocial neuroscience
C) psychosocial neuroscience
D) developmental social neuroscience

Question 29

Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to be:

A) satisfied with their figures in late adolescence.
B) taller and thinner when they reach high school.
C) less popular with males their own age.
D) depressed, become alcoholic, and/or have an eating disorder.

Question 30

In a U.S. national survey conducted in 2009, _____ percent of twelfth-graders reported that they had experienced sexual intercourse, compared with _____ percent of ninth-graders.

A) 20; 10
B) 62; 32
C) 77; 90
D) 60; 52

Question 31

The _____, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability to process information.

A) amygdala
B) corpus callosum
C) parietal lobe
D) temporal lobe

Question 32

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a ______ percent risk of contracting gonorrhea.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 33

Which of the following has been linked to early sexually intimate behavior in girls?

A) High academic performance
B) Early menarche
C) Late menarche
D) Good parent-child communication

Question 34

With reference to cross-cultural comparisons, which of the following statements about adolescent pregnancies in the U.S. is true?

A) In 2009, births to adolescent girls fell to a record low.
B) The U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate is much lower than in the Netherlands.
C) Adolescents in the U.S. are more sexually active than adolescents in the Netherlands.
D) The U.S. adolescent birth rate increased significantly from 2007 to 2009.

Question 35

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had.

A) as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy
B) more positively; stronger sense of identity
C) as misfits; a more negative self-image
D) more negatively; deeper sense of regret

Question 36

In a U.S. national survey conducted in 2009, it was found that nationally, _____ percent of twelfth-graders reported being sexually active.

A) 70
B) 15
C) 49
D) 80

Question 37

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of acquiring genital herpes.

A) 10
B) 50
C) 30
D) 70

Question 38

Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that:

A) the prefrontal cortex-involved in reasoning and self-control-has developed fully by early adolescence.
B) the corpus callosum, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence.
C) by the end of adolescence, individuals have fewer, less selective, less effective neuronal connections than they did as children.
D) the amygdala-the seat of emotions such as anger-matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

Question 39

The U.S. adolescent birth rate decreased by _____ percent from 2007 to 2009.

A) 20
B) 8
C) 40
D) 15

Question 40

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs):

A) are rarely passed through oral sex.
B) can be prevented through the use of contraceptive pills or implants.
C) rarely occur in U.S. adolescents.
D) are contracted primarily through sexual contact.

Question 41

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that education programs that emphasize contraceptive knowledge:

A) are less likely to reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy than abstinence-only programs.
B) do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse.
C) are no more likely to reduce the risk of sexually-transmitted infections than abstinence-only programs.
D) result in an increase in the incidence of sexual intercourse.

Question 42

_____ is/are the second leading cause of death in adolescence.

A) Motor vehicle accidents
B) Suicide
C) Homicide
D) Chronic diseases

Question 43

Mary Carskadon and her colleagues' research on adolescent sleep patterns found that:

A) when given the opportunity adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.
B) adolescents' biological clocks undergo a shift as they get older, so that older adolescents start to feel sleepy an hour earlier than younger adolescents.
C) younger adolescents tend to be sleepier during the day than older adolescents.
D) increased sleepiness in adolescents during the day was primarily due to academic work or social pressures.

Question 44

Mary Carskadon and her colleagues concluded from their research of the sleep patterns of U.S. adolescents that:

A) schools should start and end earlier to help adolescents to keep to earlier bedtimes.
B) early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents.
C) early school starting times are conducive to the sleep patterns of older adolescents but not to those of younger adolescents.
D) early school starting times are most conducive to the sleep patterns of adolescents.

Question 45

According to the National Youth Risk Survey, _____ boys exercised the most and _____ girls exercised the least among adolescents in the U.S.

A) Latino; Latina
B) African American; non-Latino White
C) Latino; African American
D) non-Latino White; African American

Question 46

In which of the following groups is death through homicide especially common in adolescence?

A) African American males
B) Latino males
C) Non-Latino White American males
D) Asian American males

Question 47

Since the 1950s, the adolescent suicide rate has:

A) stayed the same.
B) decreased.
C) doubled.
D) tripled.

Question 48

Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to:

A) a chronic disease.
B) suicide.
C) homicide.
D) unintentional injuries.

Question 49

According to the study by Lloyd Johnston and his colleagues at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan monitoring the drug use of America's high school seniors in a wide range of public and private high schools, the percentage of illicit drug use:

A) declined in the late 1990s.
B) was highest during the early 1990s.
C) has been at the same level since 1990.
D) increased significantly between 2000-2005.

Question 50

Research has shown that infants born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have:

A) high birth weight.
B) Down syndrome.
C) childhood illnesses.
D) type II diabetes.

Question 51

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that abstinence-only programs:

A) are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex education programs.
B) prevent adolescent pregnancies better than sex-education programs emphasizing contraceptive knowledge.
C) are more effective at reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections than sex education programs.
D) provide useful knowledge about safe sex to sexually active adolescents.

Question 52

A recent national study revealed that _____ percent of U.S. 15-year-olds met the federal government's exercise recommendations on weekdays.

A) 31
B) 50
C) 80
D) 12

Question 53

A national study of U.S. adolescents revealed that physical activity:

A) increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age.
B) in childhood and early adolescence would persist through to adulthood.
C) increased until 13 years of age and then remained stable throughout adulthood.
D) decreased until 13 years of age and then stabilized to last through 18 years of age.

Question 54

Exercise is related to all of the following positive outcomes in adolescence, EXCEPT:

A) a lower incidence of type I diabetes.
B) reduced triglyceride levels.
C) lower blood pressure.
D) normal weight status.

Question 55

The majority of unintentional injuries in adolescence involve:

A) motor vehicle accident.
B) firearms.
C) homicide.
D) sports-related injury.

Question 56

Daughters of teenage mothers are:

A) unlikely to become pregnant during adolescence.
B) likely to be highly intelligent.
C) more likely to use contraceptives.
D) at increased risk for teenage childbearing.

Question 57

National data indicates that the percentage of overweight U.S. 12- to 19-year-olds increased from _____ percent from the early 1990s to 2009-2010.

A) 60 to 80
B) 39 to 48
C) 11 to 17
D) 20 to 25

Question 58

In about _____ percent of motor vehicle fatalities involving adolescents, the driver was found to be intoxicated.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80

Question 59

Which of the following describes the findings of the U.S. survey conducted by the National Sleep Foundation?

A) The majority of the adolescents got less than eight hours of sleep on school nights.
B) Older adolescents got markedly less sleep on school nights than younger adolescents.
C) A higher number of adolescents in ninth grade were getting inadequate sleep on school nights than adolescents in twelfth grade.
D) Adolescents who got inadequate sleep were no more likely to be in a depressed mood than those who got adequate sleep.

Question 60

Which of the following describes the federal government's exercise recommendations?

A) A minimum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day
B) A maximum of 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day
C) A minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day
D) A maximum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day

Question 61

Anorexia nervosa is a(n):

A) eating disorder that involves a binge-and-purge sequence on a regular basis.
B) anxiety disorder whose chief symptom is unrealistic fear of food.
C) drug-induced reaction that produces tremors and vomiting.
D) eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Question 62

Dalia tends to go on eating binges and then purges by self-inducing vomiting or using a laxative. Which of the following conditions does Dalia suffer from?

A) Hypochondria
B) Anemia
C) Anorexia
D) Bulimia

Question 63

According to a recent large-scale study of eighth- and tenth-graders, amongst the various risk factors, which of the following is the strongest predictor of substance abuse among?

A) Monitoring in schools
B) Genetic predisposition
C) Ethnicity
D) Peer relations

Question 64

Recent research revealed that _____ parenting was linked to lower adolescent alcohol consumption.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) neglectful
D) indulgent

Question 65

Katie weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for her age and height. Yet, she sees herself as too fat and starves to become thinner. Katie most likely suffers from:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) sickle-cell anemia.
D) hypochondria.

Question 66

Slightly less than _____ percent of American girls develop anorexia nervosa.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 5
D) 15

Question 67

Which of the following characterizes a person suffering from anorexia nervosa?

A) A relentless pursuit of weight gain through binge eating
B) A positive image of the body shape
C) An intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss
D) A high level of self-efficacy

Question 68

Anorexia nervosa is about _____ likely to occur in females than males.

A) twice more
B) 10 times more
C) half as
D) three times more

Question 69

Amanda's mother suffers from anorexia nervosa. Which of the following statements about Amanda is true?

A) Amanda is highly likely to have a more positive body-image.
B) Amanda is at risk of becoming anorexic herself.
C) Amanda is more likely to have healthy eating habits.
D) Amanda is not at risk for anorexia due to increased awareness.

Question 70

_____ refers to a lack of menstruation in girls who have reached puberty.

A) Amenorrhea
B) Anemia
C) Menarche
D) Anorexia

Question 71

Anorexic people and bulimic people differ in the:

A) severity of their disorders.
B) degree of restrictions they place on food intake.
C) psychological factors underlying their disorders.
D) degree of control they have over their families' demands of them.

Question 72

_____ is the illicit drug most widely used in the United States, and its use by adolescents increased from 2008 to 2011.

A) Heroin
B) Cocaine
C) Marijuana
D) MDMA

Question 73

Bill wants to know how he can prevent drug abuse by his adolescent son. You would suggest that Bill:

A) have family dinners most nights of the week.
B) discourage his son from making more friends at school.
C) engage in lesser parental monitoring and control.
D) cease to emphasize educational success.

Question 74

Anorexia and bulimia nervosa affect:

A) men and women equally.
B) men more than women.
C) women more than men.
D) women more than older men, but less than younger men.

Question 75

Jackie, 15, has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. It is most likely that Jackie:

A) sets very low standards for herself.
B) is not very concerned about how others perceive her.
C) is competitive and high-achieving.
D) is an African American from a low-income family.

Question 76

Most anorexics are young adult females from:

A) middle- and upper-income families.
B) poor and working-class families.
C) Asian American and African American families.
D) families with low achievement demands.

Question 77

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics of people suffering from anorexia nervosa?

A) Higher than average body weight
B) Higher than average height
C) A distorted image of the body shape
D) A constant need to consume food

Question 78

A person suffering from anorexia nervosa would have a weight less than _____ percent of what is considered normal for their age and height.

A) 25
B) 60
C) 85
D) 60.

Question 79

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics that applies to people suffering from anorexia nervosa?

A) Precocious puberty in girls
B) Amenorrhea in girls who have reached puberty
C) Body weight that falls in the 98th percentile of the BMI scale
D) Binge eating followed by purging

Question 80

Based on age of onset, when is anorexia nervosa most likely to begin?

A) Childhood
B) Late adulthood
C) Emerging adulthood
D) Early to middle adolescent years