Deck 2: Puberty, Health, and Biological Foundations

Question 1

Which of the following is a determinant of puberty?

A)heredity
B)hormones
C)birth weight
D)All of these choices are correct

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When the temperature in a room drops too low,the thermostat senses it and the furnace turns on.Once the temperature rises to a predetermined level,the furnace turns off.This is analogous to the way sex hormone levels operate on a

A)positive feedback system.
B)negative feedback system.
C)neutral feedback system.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Judy and Justin are twins.Which of the following statements about their experiences with gonadarche is most likely to be TRUE?

A)Judy will begin gonadarche one to two years before her brother.
B)Judy and Justin will begin gonadarche at about the same time.
C)Justin will begin gonadarche about two years before his sister.
D)Their experiences of gonadarche will depend on whether or not they play sports.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the timing of puberty?

A)FSH
B)LH
C)BPH
D)GnRH

Question 5

_____ are the main class of sex hormones in males;and _____ are the main class of female sex hormones.

A)Testosterones;estrogens
B)Androgens;estrogens
C)Estrogens;androgens
D)Androgens;progesterones

Question 6

The main estrogen that plays an important role in female pubertal development is

A)cortisol.
B)estradiol.
C)endorphin.
D)melatonin.

Question 7

______ is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily change.

A)Menopause
B)Puberty
C)Menarche
D)Andrarche

Question 8

Doreen has a tumor on her adrenal gland.Doreen is likely to experience problems with her

A)hearing.
B)vision.
C)growth.
D)balance.

Question 9

The first menstrual period,which occurs in mid to late gonadarche,is known as

A)dysmenorrhea.
B)spermarche.
C)menarche.
D)dysphoria.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about puberty is false?

A)Puberty cannot be distinguished from adolescence.
B)Puberty ends before adolescence.
C)Puberty is the most important marker for the beginning of adolescence.
D)Puberty is a period of rapid physical maturation.

Question 11

The main androgen that plays an important role in male pubertal development is

A)cortisol.
B)leptin.
C)testosterone.
D)progesterone.

Question 12

Stacy is 12 years old.Stacy is probably

A)arguing with her teachers about homework.
B)resisting parental rules.
C)going through puberty.
D)overweight or obese.

Question 13

Sally,age 15,is experiencing a rise in estradiol.Which of the following changes would Sally expect to experience?

A)voice changes
B)uterine development
C)decrease in sexual desire
D)weight loss

Question 14

Chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream are known as

A)hormones.
B)endorphins.
C)cytokines.
D)enkephalins.

Question 15

Puberty takes place between ages ______ for most youth.

A)8 and 15
B)9 and 16
C)10 and 17
D)11 and 18

Question 16

One of the two hormones secreted by the pituitary which regulates the levels of sex hormones is FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone);the other is

A)insulin.
B)prolactin.
C)oxytocin.
D)luteinizing hormone.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about adrenarche is TRUE?

A)It involves changes in the thyroid gland.
B)These hormonal changes occur between the ages of 6 and 9 in girls.
C)This phenomenon is well researched and well understood.
D)These changes begin earlier in boys than in girls.

Question 18

Which of the following structures is involved in puberty?

A)gonads
B)pineal gland
C)parathyroid gland
D)beta cells of the pancreas

Question 19

Gonadarche is the period most people think of as

A)adolescence.
B)menopause.
C)puberty.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Robert,age 14,is experiencing a rise in testosterone.Which of the following changes would Robert NOT expect to experience?

A)increase in height
B)voice changes
C)decrease in sexual desire
D)development of external genitals

Question 21

Research shows a relationship between ______ and the onset of puberty.

A)higher body weight
B)leptin
C)percentage of body fat
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 22

Claudia,age 13,has irregular menstrual cycles.Her pediatrician tells her mother that Claudia is probably not ovulating at every cycle.What should Claudia and her mother know about this information?

A)This is expected in early development.
B)Claudia is atypical for her age;she should have regular cycles.
C)Claudia is atypical for her age;she should be ovulating at each cycle even if her cycles are irregular.
D)Claudia should see a specialist in adolescent physical development to see why she has these problems.

Question 23

Allison,age 7,has begun to show signs of breast development and pubic hair.Allison could be diagnosed with

A)nothing;her early pubertal development is within normal range.
B)precocious puberty.
C)fast-track puberty.
D)a psychiatric illness that is affecting her body.

Question 24

Which of the following early experiences has been linked to early pubertal onset?

A)child maltreatment
B)high socioeconomic status
C)growing up in a nuclear family
D)family stability

Question 25

Three of the most noticeable signs of sexual maturation in boys are growth of facial hair,penis elongation,and

A)increased shoulder width.
B)first ejaculation.
C)appearance of kinky pubic hair.
D)testes development.

Question 26

Lucy has grown up in a home with her biological mother and father and enjoys a middle socioeconomic class lifestyle.Joan has grown up with her adoptive parents and,although her family is fairly wealthy,her father has struggled with alcoholism for years.Kathy's parents have a poor relationship,low socioeconomic status,and her father frequently leaves the home for weeks at a time.Which of these girls will probably experience puberty FIRST?

A)Joan
B)Lucy
C)Kathy
D)They will probably all experience menarche at approximately the same time.

Question 27

At the peak of her weight gain in adolescence,Maud,age 12,gained 18 pounds in one year.Research on weight gain during adolescence would indicate that Maud's weight gain is

A)excessive;she should have gained no more than 10 pounds.
B)a little less than normal;she should have gained 20-23 pounds.
C)average.
D)significantly below average;she should have gained approximately 25 pounds.

Question 28

Meaghan weighed 3 pounds,2 ounces at birth but gained weight rapidly.She weighed 21 pounds at the end of her first year of life.Research indicates that Meaghan will probably experience menarche

A)at the same time as her normal birthweight peers.
B)approximately one year later than her normal birth weight peers.
C)five to ten months earlier than her normal birth weight peers.
D)approximately two years earlier than her normal birth weight peers.

Question 29

Several times a day,Leilani,age 13,flips open her mirror and scans her face for any blemish that might have appeared.From what you have learned about body image,Leilani's behavior is

A)indicative of a narcissistic personality disorder.
B)normal for her age.
C)indicative of a body dysmorphic disorder.
D)a clear sign that she is unhappy with her body image.

Question 30

The term "secular trend" refers to

A)patterns of pubertal onset over historical times.
B)patterns of adolescents moving away from religion and moving toward a secular world.
C)the tendency of pubertal change to occur slightly later than in previous generations.
D)the tendency of African-American boys and girls to mature later than their European-American and Asian peers.

Question 31

Which of the following female characteristics is an EARLY sign of pubertal development?

A)menarche
B)breast enlargement
C)axillary (armpit)hair
D)slight lowering of the voice

Question 32

Which of the following male pubertal characteristics develops LAST?

A)detectable voice changes
B)growth of facial hair
C)increase in penis size
D)appearance of straight pubic hair

Question 33

Early menarche has been linked to

A)a father's departure from the home.
B)a mother's departure from the home.
C)strong religious affiliation.
D)lack of religious affiliation.

Question 34

Recent research on body image in adolescence has found all of the following EXCEPT

A)adolescent boys become more satisfied with their bodies as they move through adolescence.
B)overall health is not affected by body image.
C)boys who rated their appearance more positively were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior.
D)lack of parental support is related to body image issues in adolescents.

Question 35

Which of the following statements regarding precocious puberty is NOT true?

A)It occurs ten times more often in girls than in boys.
B)It is diagnosed when pubertal onset occurs before age eight in girls.
C)It is diagnosed when pubertal onset occurs before age eleven in boys.
D)The treatment is medically suppressing gonadotropic secretions.

Question 36

The term used to describe the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty is

A)accelerated puberty.
B)precocious puberty.
C)premature puberty.
D)fast-track puberty.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about weight and skeletal changes in adolescence is NOT true?

A)Boys' peak weight gain happens at approximately the same time as peak height gain.
B)Girls' peak weight gain happens about six months after their peak height gain.
C)Girls' increase in hip width is associated with an increase in estrogen.
D)Boys' increase in shoulder width is associated with an increase in cortisol.

Question 38

The first ejaculation of semen,which occurs in early to mid gonadarche,is known as

A)spermatogenesis.
B)spermarche.
C)andropause.
D)menarche.

Question 39

Which of the following is the BEST statement regarding the role of leptin in the onset of puberty?

A)Leptin brings about the onset of puberty.
B)Leptin delays the onset of puberty.
C)Leptins controls the amount of kisspeptins which then brings about the onset of puberty.
D)Leptin could either bring about the onset of puberty or could be the result of changes that occur during puberty.

Question 40

Which of the following statements regarding the growth spurt is TRUE?

A)The beginning of the growth spurt for boys is age 12.
B)The beginning of the growth spurt for girls is age 9.
C)Height in elementary school is not a good predictor of height in adolescence.
D)Better nutrition has very little impact on height.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to better health care for adolescents?

A)cost
B)health-care providers' commitment to confidentiality
C)availability of health care services
D)reluctance of health care providers to discuss sensitive health issues with their patients

Question 42

In adolescent girls,increased levels of estrogen are linked to

A)aggression.
B)eating disorders.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)depression.

Question 43

Despite the fact that the United States has become a health-conscious nation,many adolescents

A)smoke.
B)lead sedentary lifestyles.
C)have poor diets.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding early-maturing boys is TRUE?

A)It is an advantage to be an early-maturing boy.
B)Early-maturing boys were more likely to smoke when they were in middle adulthood.
C)Early-maturing boys were more likely to drink alcohol when they were in middle adulthood.
D)Early-maturing boys were less successful than late-maturing boys at middle adulthood.

Question 45

Ryan,age 17,has a tattoo of an eagle on his bicep.If he is like the majority of students with tattoos,Ryan is

A)a rebellious young man.
B)a good student.
C)an only child.
D)creative and artistic.

Question 46

Which statement about hormones and adolescent behavior is NOT TRUE?

A)Higher levels of estrogen have been linked to depression in girls.
B)Hormones and behavior interact together to produce behaviors.
C)Hormones are the primary explanation for mood swings and other erratic behaviors seen in teens.
D)Poor parent child relationship has been linked with testosterone-linked risk-taking behaviors.

Question 47

Wearing seat belts and eating nutritious foods are considered health-_____ behaviors.

A)engaging
B)enhancing
C)neglecting
D)neutral

Question 48

The part of the brain involved in emotions is the

A)occipital lobe.
B)prefrontal cortex.
C)amygdala.
D)pons.

Question 49

Claire is a 14-year-old African-American girl.If Claire is like most African-American girls,

A)she has more contact with health services than older teens.
B)she does not have her health care needs met.
C)she does not receive health care from a private physician.
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 50

Recent research on early-maturing girls has found that

A)early-maturing girls are more likely than late maturing girls to have eating disorders.
B)early-maturing girls have more dating experience than do late maturing girls.
C)early-maturing girls are more likely than late maturing girls to be depressed.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about the effects of puberty is NOT true?

A)Most adolescents do not experience adolescence as a time of stress and storm.
B)Biological changes are the dominant influences on adolescence.
C)Cognitive and social changes shape adolescence.
D)Grade level in school influences maturation.

Question 52

Which of the following has research found to be positively related to promoting adolescents' health - enhancing behavior?

A)secure attachment to parents.
B)presence of extended family in an adolescent's life.
C)regular participation in religious services.
D)having at least one sibling.

Question 53

Which of the following factors can activate or suppress various aspects of the hormonal system?

A)stress
B)sexual activity
C)depression
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 54

Which of the following strategies has been proposed to help adolescents satisfy their need for risk taking without compromising their health?

A)enforcing laws controlling the sale of alcohol
B)increasing parental monitoring and supervision
C)raising the driving age
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 55

Unprotected sexual intercourse is considered a health-_____ behavior.

A)compromising
B)detracting
C)decreasing
D)neutral

Question 56

Research on the timing of puberty has indicated

A)Late maturing males had a more negative body image in early high school than early maturing males.
B)Early maturing females are less likely to have substance abuse issues and engage in sex at an early age.
C)Early maturing males are less likely to have successful peer relationships.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 57

The part of the brain involved in reasoning,decision making,and self-control is the

A)amygdala.
B)cerebellum.
C)temporal lobe.
D)prefrontal cortex.

Question 58

Caryn matured early as an adolescent;her friend Wendy was a late-maturing adolescent.Research shows that,as adults

A)Caryn is more likely to have a higher body mass index than Wendy.
B)Wendy is more likely to have a higher body mass index than Caryn.
C)Wendy is less likely than Caryn to have attained a higher education.
D)Caryn is more likely to have attained a higher occupational level than Wendy.

Question 59

High risk-taking behavior in adolescents has been linked to

A)hanging out with peers in unstructured contexts.
B)living in a community that offers a range of activities for youth.
C)having good grades in school.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 60

The three leading causes of death in the United States for adolescents and emerging adults are homicide,suicide,and

A)congenital heart disease.
B)leukemia.
C)accidents.
D)AIDS.

Question 61

Research has shown that,given the opportunity,adolescents will sleep about how many hours each night?

A)9.5
B)7
C)11
D)8

Question 62

Kaylee,age 22,has a cup of coffee for breakfast,skips lunch on most days,and eats a huge dinner.She is slightly overweight but does not exercise.She admits to getting by with only a few hours of sleep on weeknights but insists that she makes up for this by "sleeping in" on the weekends.Kaylee's lifestyle is

A)fairly typical of someone in emerging adulthood.
B)atypical of emerging adults;most emerging adults eat in a more healthy manner.
C)atypical of emerging adults;most emerging adults are underweight due to stress.
D)atypical of emerging adults;most emerging adults are exercise conscious.

Question 63

Christine's parents buy fresh fruits and vegetables and have them available for her and the rest of the family.In addition,her parents like these foods.According to recent research,Christine is

A)likely to eat fruits and vegetables.
B)not likely to eat fruits and vegetables.
C)more likely to be influenced by the food choices of her peers than her parents.
D)likely to choose a high-fat snack than to eat the available fruits and vegetables.

Question 64

Which of the following statements about adolescents and sports is TRUE?

A)Girls are more likely to play on a sports team than boys.
B)Adolescents who spend time in sports are less likely to take drugs than their counterparts who are not involved in sports.
C)Sports do not play a particularly important role in the lives of adolescents in the United States.
D)Participation in sports has very little impact on self-esteem.

Question 65

Ray,age 16,plays hockey in the winter and baseball in the spring and summer.Compared to his peers who do not play sports,Ray is more likely to

A)sustain an injury.
B)be self-centered.
C)have poorer grades.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 66

The female athlete triad involves a combination of weight loss,absence of menstrual periods,and

A)arthritis.
B)osteoporosis.
C)Type 2 diabetes.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 67

Which of these adolescents is likely to exercise the MOST?

A)Andrew,a 15-year-old white male living in the United States.
B)Karla,a 14-year-old girl living in Germany.
C)Maria,a 15-year-old girl living in the United States.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 68

Which of the following has not been proposed as a cause of adolescent's sleep debt?

A)Biological changes in the brain
B)Use of caffeinated beverages.
C)Increased screen time.
D)Social pressures.

Question 69

Amanda is a star athlete on her high-school swimming team.Recently she has developed weight loss,amenorrhea,and osteoporosis.Amanda has the classic symptoms of

A)bulimia nervosa.
B)female athlete triad.
C)female athlete syndrome.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 70

Exercise in adolescents has been linked to

A)improved self-image.
B)Better brain connectivity.
C)less depression.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 71

Which of the following statements regarding nutrition among adolescents is TRUE?

A)Adolescents in the U.S.are decreasing their intake of fried foods.
B)Adolescents in the U.S.are decreasing their intake of fruits and vegetables.
C)Eating disorders are decreasing slightly among U.S.adolescents.
D)Adolescents are eating more whole grains than a decade ago.

Question 72

Todd is 10 years old and his brother,Jonah,is 16.If they are like most boys their ages

A)Todd gets more exercise than Jonah.
B)Both boys get the same amount of exercise,but they differ in the physical activities that they select.
C)Jonah gets more exercise than Todd.
D)Neither boy gets enough exercise.

Question 73

Research on sleep patterns in adolescence have found all of the following to be true EXCEPT

A)older adolescents get less sleep than younger adolescents.
B)optimal sleep in adolescents is approximately seven hours per night.
C)in general,adolescents are not getting enough sleep.
D)getting less than the needed amount of sleep can lead to higher levels of anxiety and depression.

Question 74

The sleep-related hormone secreted at night is

A)glucagon.
B)thyroxin.
C)melatonin.
D)insulin.

Question 75

A special concern is the amount of ______ in the diets of American adolescents.

A)dairy
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates
D)fat

Question 76

Three contextual factors that influence whether or not adolescents engage in regular exercise are influence of the family,use of TV/computers,and

A)influence of schools.
B)influence of cell phones and iPods.
C)influence of siblings.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 77

Shane,age 19,died in a motor vehicle accident in which he was the driver.Of the following conditions,which is the LEAST likely to have caused Shane's accident?

A)his inexperience as a driver
B)speeding
C)driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs
D)tailgating

Question 78

Which of the following factors has been linked to higher physical activity levels for adolescents?

A)being an older adolescent
B)having parents who thought exercise was important
C)having parents who nag at adolescents to be more physically active
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 79

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)African-American males are three times more likely to die of gunshot wounds than of natural causes.
B)Suicide is the third-leading cause of death in adolescents and emerging adults.
C)Since 1950 the suicide rate in the United States has quadrupled.
D)The U.S.suicide rate has declined in recent years.

Question 80

All of the following are health benefits of exercise EXCEPT

A)lower blood pressure.
B)lower incidence of Type 1 diabetes.
C)lower incidence of Type 2 diabetes.
D)lower triglyceride levels.