Deck 12: Culture

Question 1

Socioeconomic status (SES)refers to a grouping of people who are similar in all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A)ethnicity.
B)economic.
C)educational.
D)occupational.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Polly,age 14,is a Protestant girl,who is preparing for confirmation.Her friend Joel,age 13,is a Jewish boy,preparing for his bar mitzvah.Both adolescents are getting ready for a religious

A)transition to full membership in their faith.
B)event that traditionally requires a large party and gifts.
C)rite of passage.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the United States an event that comes closest to culture-wide rite of passage is

A)high-school graduation.
B)getting a drivers license.
C)graduation from college.
D)high-school senior prom.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding gender and culture is NOT true?

A)In many countries,males have greater access to education than females.
B)In most cultures,the experiences of males and females are becoming more alike.
C)In many countries,males have more career opportunities than females.
D)In many countries,males have fewer restrictions on sexual activity than females.

Question 5

Researchers have found that _____ is related to culture.

A)self-efficacy
B)self-conception
C)self-determination
D)co-rumination

Question 6

Dr.Schindler does cross-cultural research on adolescents.These comparisons of adolescents from different cultures tell us the degree to which adolescent development is either universal or

A)culture-fair.
B)culture-free.
C)culture-specific
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Ceremonies or rituals that mark an individual's transition from one status to another are called

A)rites of maturity.
B)rites of passage.
C)initiation rites.
D)adulthood rites.

Question 8

Recent research has shown that in many families around the world today,children are likely to be reared

A)in a collectivist manner.
B)in an individualistic manner.
C)basically by themselves,with little parental guidance.
D)in manner that combines individualistic and collectivist ways.

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the three values that reflect parents' beliefs in collectivist cultures?

A)respect and obedience
B)competitiveness
C)personal choice
D)intrinsic motivation

Question 10

Low socioeconomic status has been described as all of the following EXCEPT

A)low income.
B)working class.
C)white collar.
D)blue collar.

Question 11

Which of the following countries is best described as individualistic?

A)Mexico
B)India
C)Japan
D)the Netherlands

Question 12

Which of the following countries is NOT group-oriented?

A)India
B)Canada
C)China
D)Mexico

Question 13

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as

A)elitism.
B)egocentrism.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)realism.

Question 14

Which of the following individuals would be classified as being in a low-SES occupation?

A)Joe,who is a janitor at a local high school
B)Andy,who sells tractors at a large farm supply store
C)Lexi,a preschool teacher
D)None of these choices are correct

Question 15

In individualistic cultures,which of the following is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy?

A)personal choice
B)extrinsic motivation
C)self-esteem
D)self-maximization

Question 16

Rites of passage in many parts of the world provide a _____ entry into the adult world.

A)continuous
B)constant
C)discontinuous
D)gradual

Question 17

Recent research by Reed Larson and colleagues on adolescents' use of time indicates that

A)U.S.adolescents may have too much unstructured time for optimal development.
B)U.S.adolescents need unstructured time to decrease their consistently high stress levels.
C)volunteer activities have no more relaxation value than unstructured time.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding how adolescents around the world use their time is NOT true?

A)U.S.adolescents spend most of their discretionary time in unstructured recreational activities.
B)U.S.adolescents have more discretionary time than adolescents in other countries.
C)U.S.adolescents spend about 40 percent more time on homework than do East Asian adolescents.
D)U.S.adolescents spend more time in volunteer acts than do East Asian adolescents.

Question 19

Which of the following countries is best described as collectivistic?

A)Thailand
B)Britain
C)Germany
D)Canada

Question 20

Individualistic cultures have higher rates than collectivistic cultures of

A)suicide.
B)crime.
C)divorce.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 21

Compared to their peers with more economic advantages,poor children and adolescents experience all of the following EXCEPT

A)their homes are more crowded and noisy.
B)they watch more television and have less access to books and computers.
C)their homes are more violent and chaotic.
D)their parents monitor their school activities more closely.

Question 22

Bill was involved with a comprehensive program in which he was assigned a mentor for all four years of high school.In addition,there were a number of other requirements including community service.Bill was paid for every hour that he participated in the program.This program was most likely

A)the Quantum Opportunities program.
B)the Eisenhower Project.
C)Upward Bound.
D)STRIVE.

Question 23

Teens in upwardly-mobile upper-middle SES families face problems in

A)Substance abuse
B)Neuroticism
C)Academic failure
D)Parental disappointment

Question 24

Ethnicity is based on all of the following EXCEPT

A)race.
B)language.
C)religion.
D)SES.

Question 25

The federal poverty level is adjusted

A)every two years.
B)for family ethnicity.
C)for geographical location.
D)for inflation.

Question 26

Living in poverty is associated with allof the following EXCEPT

A)Great physiological reactivity to stress.
B)Sexual problems.
C)Parental disappointment
D)School-related problems

Question 27

Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to live in poverty?

A)Allen,a Latino who lives with his biological mother and father.
B)Judy,a non Latino White who lives with her biological mother and father and grandmother.
C)Edgar,a Latino who lives with his single-parent father.
D)Tamika,an African American who lives with her single-parent mother.

Question 28

Rob and Marion are high-SES parents.Which of the following is probably NOT true of their parenting?

A)They create a home where children are more nearly equal participants.
B)They discuss the rules of the house with the children.
C)They are concerned that their children conform to society's expectations.
D)They are concerned with developing their children's initiative.

Question 29

Recent research shows links between acculturation and

A)family values.
B)SES.
C)volunteerism.
D)adolescent problems.

Question 30

Debbie and Ron are lower-SES parents.Which of the following is probably TRUE of their parenting?

A)They are concerned with developing their children's delay of gratification.
B)They use more physical punishment when disciplining their children than higher-SES parents do.
C)They use an authoritative manner with their children.
D)They are concerned with developing their children's initiative.

Question 31

Karen,age 26,and her 4-year-old daughter,Meghan,are involved in an antipoverty program that provides Karen with job-skills training and provides free preschool for Meghan.This is an example of a

A)parent-child educational initiative.
B)Head Start program.
C)two-generation intervention.
D)New Horizons program.

Question 32

The Quantum Opportunities program requires students to participate in all of the following EXCEPT

A)community-service programs.
B)sports teams.
C)personal enrichment activities.
D)academic activities outside of school hours.

Question 33

The Postive Action Program addresses the effects of poverty by

A)Focusing on self-concept,getting along with others,and self-improvement.
B)Working to increase parental employment.
C)Providing students living in poverty with a daily mentor.
D)Focusing on health,educational achievement,and social growth.

Question 34

The El Puente program is designed to improve the lives of _____ adolescents living in poverty.

A)African American
B)Native American
C)Latino
D)Asian American

Question 35

Many of the families that have immigrated to the United States in recent decades come from

A)decaying cultures.
B)collectivist cultures.
C)individualist cultures.
D)Communist cultures.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an area of youth concern in the El Puente program?

A)health
B)education
C)social growth
D)increasing public assistance to families

Question 37

The New Hope program is designed to

A)keep at-risk adolescents in school.
B)reduce family poverty.
C)help low-income families find affordable housing.
D)reduce depression in adolescents and emerging adults.

Question 38

Jarislaw is a recent immigrant to the United States from Poland.He has a brother who came to the United States two years ago.Which of the following stressors is Jarislaw most likely to experience?

A)language barriers
B)religious persecution
C)homelessness
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 39

Evaluation of two-generation interventions to alleviate poverty have shown that they

A)have more of an effect on the parent than on the child.
B)have more of an effect on the child than on the parent.
C)show more benefits in cognitive gains than health benefits.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 40

Reed comes from a low-SES background.He is consistently on the honor roll and has been offered a scholarship to a local college.Which of the following factors is MOST likely to have contributed to his success?

A)parental support and sacrifice
B)community block grants to improve his school
C)a mentor
D)a strong religious faith

Question 41

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to spend the most time using media?

A)Bailey,a non Latino 16-year-old girl.
B)Jasmine,a 25-year-old Latina.
C)John,a 15-year-old African American boy.
D)Crystal,a 20-year-old,non Latino White emerging adult.

Question 42

Of all of the newly developed technologies available,adolescents spend the MOST time using

A)the Internet.
B)iPods.
C)television.
D)text messaging.

Question 43

Immigrants from different ethnicity have different

A)reasons for migrating.
B)socioeconomic backgrounds.
C)social and historical backgrounds.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 44

A recent study of sixth-grade students in the United States revealed that _____ children experience discrimination from their peers comparable to discrimination faced by African American children.

A)Native American
B)East Indian American
C)Latino
D)Chinese American

Question 45

Older adolescents spend more time listening to music and _____ than younger adolescents do.

A)listening to the radio
B)playing video games
C)watching television
D)using computers

Question 46

Researchers have found a high level of television viewing in youth is linked to a greater incidence of

A)depression.
B)Type 1 diabetes.
C)obesity.
D)heart disease.

Question 47

Among the problems associated with prejudice and discrimination,the most likely outcome is

A)Mental health problems.
B)Delinquency
C)School-related problems
D)Over-reliance on parents and family

Question 48

When Keith is asked why he does not participate in the monthly visits to nursing homes with his church's youth group,he says,"I cannot stand old people;they have all wrinkles and other gross stuff!" This is an example of

A)cultural competence.
B)prejudice.
C)gerotranscendence.
D)gerontophilia.

Question 49

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in adolescent's media use is NOT true?

A)Girls spend more time social networking than boys.
B)Boys spend more time social networking than girls.
C)Girls spend more time listening to music than boys.
D)Boys use computers and video games more than girls.

Question 50

Margo sees her new classmate,Fotima,a recent immigrant from Haiti,put all of the extra bread,rolls,butter,and cookies into her backpack at lunchtime.Margo imagines that food may have been scarce for Fotima in Haiti,so she is "stockpiling" it now.Margo is demonstrating

A)sympathy.
B)perspective-taking.
C)analytical observation.
D)cultural competence.

Question 51

Chinese acculturation to American values were associated with adolescent development in which of the following way(s)?

A)Adolescents with a Chinese oriented father had lower GPA.
B)A discrepancy between parent-adolescent American orientation was related to lower academic success.
C)Adoelsenct with a Chinese-oriented mother had lower academic success.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 52

Dawn says of Asian Americans,"They are all so smart." This is an example of

A)recognition of homogeneity.
B)recognition of heterogeneity.
C)a stereotype.
D)accurate appraisal.

Question 53

Playing violent video games is related to

A)Desensitization to violence.
B)Increased aggression for girls only.
C)Decreased empathetic concern for boys only.
D)Increases in prosocial behavior.

Question 54

Anastasia and her sister Olga are political refugees from the former Soviet Union.They have had experiences with the former KGB and they fled their native land with little more than the clothes on their backs.They appear "strange" to their classmates as they often huddle together and scan the room for "spies." This behavior is

A)functional for them.
B)paranoid;they need to be referred for counseling.
C)typical of most new immigrants to the United States
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 55

Television viewing and video game playing often peak during

A)middle childhood.
B)early adolescence.
C)middle adolescence.
D)late adolescence.

Question 56

Many ethnic minority adolescents experience a "double disadvantage" that includes prejudice,discrimination,and bias because of their ethnic minority status and

A)poor health.
B)depression.
C)social isolation in the minority group.
D)the stressful effects of poverty.

Question 57

Which ethnic group is seen as the "model minority"?

A)Cuban Americans
B)Japanese Americans
C)Mexican Americans
D)Filipino Americans

Question 58

Suki is a Japanese American adolescent.Because she belongs to the "model minority," Suki probably

A)still experiences stress associated with her ethnic minority status.
B)faces much less prejudice and bias than other ethnic groups.
C)has fewer resources to buffer bias and prejudice.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 59

Watching television can do all of the following EXCEPT

A)make adolescents active learners.
B)distract children and adolescents from homework.
C)teach stereotypes.
D)make adolescents passive learners.

Question 60

Mateo,age 15,does his homework while listening to his MP3 player;he also keeps his cell phone on his desk so that he can text his friends at the same time.Mateo is engaged in

A)competing media balancing.
B)media multitasking.
C)media overload.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 61

Describe the target population and the major areas of intervention in the El Puente program.

Question 62

Watching TV has been negatively linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A)ADHD.
B)lower school achievement.
C)a decrease in nonclinical attention levels.
D)mental ability.

Question 63

Describe what is meant by the term "rites of passage," and explain how these are different in societies around the world and provide examples.

Question 64

Despite the advances in technology,adolescents still need to develop non technological skills,including

A)good communication skills.
B)the ability to solve problems.
C)the ability to think creatively.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 65

Rainey spends a great deal of time listening to music that has denigrating sexual lyrics and messages about women.Research has shown that Rainey is at risk for

A)becoming a violent domestic partner.
B)becoming a rapist.
C)engaging in sexual intercourse at an earlier age than his peers who spend less time listening to such music.
D)perpetrating sexual harassment on classmates or colleagues.

Question 66

Explain the psychological effects and negative consequences that living in poverty has on adolescents and emerging adults.

Question 67

Explain why adolescence and emerging adulthood is a special juncture for ethnic minority individuals.

Question 68

Researches suggested three possible reasons that why watching TV is negatively linked to children's achievement.This includes interference,displacement and

A)self-defeating tastes/preferences.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)encouragement of passive learning.
D)slot movement.

Question 69

List and describe the four criteria that are used to determine socioeconomic status.

Question 70

Which of the following has become the most popular online hangout for college students?

A)Facebook
B)Twitter
C)Friendster
D)Match.com

Question 71

Evan,age 17,and his friend had in their shared school locker an explicit plan for making a bomb.They said they got it from the Internet.How likely is it that this explanation is TRUE?

A)Not very likely;you have to have clearance from Homeland Security to access these sites.
B)Not very likely;these sites are only available to adults who have gone through background checks.
C)Quite likely;the information is available if adolescents have the skills to navigate through complex information.
D)Not likely at all;this information is not available on the Internet.

Question 72

After posting pictures of herself on Facebook drinking beer and smoking,Jocylyn,age 19,applies for a job in an upscale boutique.The manager does not hire Jocylyn,saying that her posting on Facebook indicated that she did not have the maturity that the shop manager considered necessary.Jocylyn should know that

A)it is illegal to discriminate against her on the basis on any pictures that she placed on Facebook.
B)more employers are checking online sites like MySpace and Facebook as part of a screening process for applicants.
C)colleges cannot use any information that they find on online sites such as Facebook to see if underage students are drinking or violating any college policies.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 73

Compare and contrast individualism and collectivism as they relate to culture.

Question 74

Which of the following statements regarding television viewing is NOT true?

A)Research with adolescents supports the discontinuity view of television viewing.
B)Experimental research provides evidence that viewing TV violence can increase aggression.
C)Children and adolescents who have a heavy media diet of violence are more likely to see the world as a dangerous place.
D)Viewing educational television as preschoolers is linked to less aggression in boys at adolescence.

Question 75

Sheila,age 14,tells you that she has almost 200 friends in her online network.She is most likely a member of

A)Twitter.
B)eHarmony.
C)Facebook.
D)MySpace.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations of the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development on social policy initiatives?

A)Mandate media-literacy programs in all high-school curricula by 2012.
B)Encourage socially-responsible media programming.
C)Increase media presentations of health promotion.
D)Expand opportunities for adolescents' views to appear in the media.

Question 77

All but which of the following statements regarding the media and music is not TRUE?

A)Adolescents spend huge amounts of time listening to music.
B)Higher use of music media was related to viewing the self as less physically attractive.
C)Listening to music with sexually degrading content is related to higher likelihood of engaging in sexual activity.
D)There is a cause-and-effect relationship between music and music videos and drug use.

Question 78

Excessive internet use has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A)Elevated blood pressure
B)Decreased number of hours of sleep
C)Bullying between peers.
D)Poor relationships with family.

Question 79

Amy Jordan,a leading expert on social policy and the media,believes it is a difficult challenge to provide parents with adequate ways to protect their children from unwanted content in their homes while still respecting

A)their interdependence.
B)their autonomy.
C)the First Amendment right of free speech.
D)the right of eminent domain.

Question 80

Researchers have found a negative association between the amount of time children watch TV and their

A)prosocial behaviors.
B)math ability.
C)empathy level.
D)reading ability.