Deck 13: Problems in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Question 1

Which of the following is FALSE regarding developmental cascades in the study of childhood psychopathology?

A)Developmental cascades involved the connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways.
B)Little evidence exists as to the connection between early childhood patterns of behavior and adolescent outcomes.
C)Developmental cascades can involve both biological and social processes.
D)Developmental cascades are relevant at multiple points during the developmental period.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Researchers in the field of developmental psychopathology seek to establish links between

A)life and death
B)early precursors of a problem and later outcomes.
C)late signs of a problem and prognosis.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The developmental psychopathology approach focuses on

A)describing and exploring the developmental pathways of problems.
B)looking at family patterns of pathology over three or more generations.
C)looking at prenatal influences that might predispose an adolescent to psychopathology.
D)looking at parental discipline techniques that might contribute to acting-out behaviors.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following adolescents is most likely to have the most problems?

A)Nathan,who lives with his married,biological parents.
B)Josie,whose mother suffers from major depression,but is treated at an expensive private hospital.
C)Willard,whose single mother runs a bakery.
D)Samantha,whose father receives Social Security disability payments because he suffers from bipolar disorder.

Question 5

Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues has shown a link between avoidant attachment in infancy and _____ in adolescence.

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)anxiety
C)depression
D)conduct problems

Question 6

Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues found that anxiety problems in adolescence are linked with

A)secure attachment in infancy.
B)insecure resistant attachment in infancy.
C)avoidant attachment in infancy.
D)disorganized attachment in infancy.

Question 7

Adolescent and emerging adult problems are usually categorized as either

A)overt or covert.
B)latent or hidden.
C)externalizing or internalizing.
D)neurotic or psychotic.

Question 8

The behavioral problems that most likely cause adolescents to be referred to a clinic for mental health treatment are

A)feelings of sadness or depression.
B)feelings of anxiety.
C)eating disorders.
D)self-injurious behaviors.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an externalizing problem?

A)depression
B)juvenile delinquency
C)aggression
D)antisocial behavior

Question 10

Cheri has an overactive thyroid gland that sometimes causes her to have angry outbursts when she doesn't take her medication as prescribed.A therapist seeing Cheri would attribute her anger to

A)social factor.
B)psychological factor.
C)biopsychosocial factor.
D)biological factor.

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be considered a psychological factor in an adolescent's problems?

A)emotional turmoil
B)distorted thoughts
C)inappropriate learning
D)socioeconomic status

Question 12

Hannah,age 22,suffers from an anxiety disorder that requires her to take anti-anxiety medication in order to function at her job and in her personal life.Hannah has which of the following problems?

A)an externalizing problem
B)an internalizing problem
C)a latent problem
D)an acute problem

Question 13

Dr.Angco is studying whether adolescents who cut themselves to relieve tension were children who did things like bang their heads on walls or scratch their arms with their fingernails when they were between the ages of three and six.Dr.Angco uses which approach?

A)the developmental psychopathology approach
B)the parental discipline approach
C)the contextual approach
D)the psychiatric approach

Question 14

Parker is constantly getting into trouble for fighting and destroying others' belongings.According to research,Parker is more likely to

A)be in a middle-SES family.
B)be in a lower-SES family.
C)have parents who are married.
D)be an older adolescent or emerging adult.

Question 15

Which approach emphasizes that biological,psychological,and social factors interact to produce the problems that adolescents,emerging adults,and people of other ages develop?

A)the multimodal approach
B)the multi-context approach
C)the comprehensive approach
D)the biopsychosocial approach

Question 16

Trent believes that everyone in his class is laughing at him and that his peers think he is "strange." Trent's distorted thought processes are a _____ factor in his problems with his peers.

A)biological
B)valid
C)psychological
D)social

Question 17

Peers and _____ influences are believed to be especially important factors in adolescent problems.

A)school
B)family
C)religious
D)co-worker

Question 18

Research has shown that from the last three months of high school through the end of the first year of college

A)sex with multiple partners decreased.
B)marijuana use decreased.
C)property crimes decreased.
D)driving after drinking increased.

Question 19

Pianta has called predictors of problems as

A)precursors.
B)red flags.
C)risk factors.
D)indicators.

Question 20

Dr.Vengrove believes that the cause of his adolescent client's depression is a lack of serotonin in her brain;he prescribes an anti-depressant drug to treat her depression.Dr.Vengrove is using the _____ approach to adolescent problems.

A)psychological
B)social
C)biological
D)holistic

Question 21

Cameron has just been diagnosed as HIV-positive.For Cameron,his HIV status is

A)an acute stressor.
B)a hassle.
C)a life event.
D)a chronic stressor.

Question 22

Which of the following is an accurate description of the trend in U.S.adolescents' drug use today?

A)The proportions of eighth-,tenth-,and twelfth-grade U.S.students using illicit drugs declined in the late 1990s and the first years of the twenty-first century.
B)The use of drugs among U.S.secondary-school students began to decrease in the early 1990s.
C)Cocaine is the most widely used illicit drug by U.S.adolescents in the twenty-first century.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the external developmental assets identified by Peter Benson?

A)support
B)empowerment
C)positive identity
D)constructive use of time

Question 24

Shelley Taylor and her colleagues found which of the following gender differences related to stress?

A)Males and females tend to deal with stress in similar ways.
B)Females are less likely than males to deal with stress with a "fight or flight" response.
C)Males deal with stress and threatening situations with a "tend and befriend" approach.
D)Female aggression is linked to the limbic system.

Question 25

Researcher Ann Masten has found that all of these factors are linked to resilience EXCEPT

A)individual factors.
B)family factors.
C)community factors.
D)extrafamilial factors.

Question 26

Sydney,a nursing assistant,is often asked to go to other departments and "fill in" but she doesn't feel competent to deal with many of these situations.Instead of addressing the issue with her supervisor,Sydney calls in sick to work when she is fairly sure she will be asked to move to another department.Sydney is engaging in

A)reactive coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)behavior-focused coping.
D)problem-focused coping.

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding coping strategies is NOT true?

A)Many people use both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.
B)Emotion-focused coping works better than problem-focused coping.
C)Problem-solving coping works better,in general,than emotion-focused coping.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 28

What has research shown to be the most effective cognitive factor in decreasing depression severity among a group of teens who were given antidepressant medication?

A)thinking positively
B)support
C)coaching
D)coping flexibility

Question 29

College students indicated that all of the following were uplifts for them EXCEPT

A)helping their friends with their problems.
B)going to a movie.
C)laughing.
D)completing a task.

Question 30

The negative consequences that result from contact between two distinctive cultural groups are known as _____ stress.

A)assimilative
B)bicultural
C)acculturative
D)accommodative

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an example of maladaptive emotion-focused coping?

A)Seeking a second opinion when you have been given a serious medical diagnosis.
B)Denying that your spouse has been in an accident.
C)Denying that you have just been told that your job is being eliminated in two months.
D)Denying that your significant other is in love with someone else when he or she is engaged to you.

Question 32

Research shows that adolescents who have more developmental assets engage in

A)more alcohol use.
B)more risk-taking behaviors.
C)less use of tobacco.
D)more violence.

Question 33

The Monitoring the Future Study at the University of Michigan follows trends in

A)drug use.
B)adolescent suicide.
C)eating disorders.
D)self-injurious behavior.

Question 34

Teens tend to report more stress in which of the following areas?

A)When with parents.
B)When with peers and romantic partners.
C)When wasting time.
D)When lonely.

Question 35

The ability to modify coping strategies to match the demand of the situation is called

A)proactive appraisal.
B)coping flexibility.
C)slot movement.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 36

All of the following would be emotion-focused coping strategies EXCEPT

A)denying that the stress is occurring.
B)using defense mechanisms.
C)calling on religious faith or support.
D)trying to solve the problem that is causing the stress.

Question 37

George was not very motivated through his adolescent years.Now that he is 23 years old and eagerly awaiting the birth of his first child;however,he seems to have made a commitment to a more positive future.According to Masten and her colleagues

A)George will probably revert to his old ways once the baby is no longer a novelty.
B)the coming baby changed George's motivation as he moves into emerging adulthood.
C)George is atypical of most emerging adults who were unmotivated as adolescents.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 38

Critics of the daily-hassles approach argue that knowing about a person's daily irritations and problems tells us nothing about

A)whether or not those are real hassles.
B)the strength of those hassles.
C)the person's coping abilities.
D)major life events that are going on at the same time.

Question 39

Kate is having problems understanding the concepts in her sociology class.She goes to see her professor during his office hours,and she studies with a group of students who can help her.Kate is using what Lazarus would call

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)reactive coping.
C)problem-focused coping.
D)supportive coping.

Question 40

Mrs.Goodwin is an assistant principal at a high school.She notices that many of the students are overloaded with schoolwork and other responsibilities.She holds a "de-stressing session" every week,in which she suggests ways to manage time better,increase study skills,form study groups,etc.Mrs.Goodwin is offering the students which coping mechanism?

A)thinking positively
B)support
C)coaching
D)direct instruction

Question 41

Drugs that are derived from the male hormone testosterone are known as

A)barbiturates.
B)narcotics.
C)analgesics.
D)anabolic steroids.

Question 42

Which of the following is used most frequently on a daily basis by high school seniors?

A)energy drinks
B)cigarettes
C)alcohol
D)marijuana

Question 43

Kiptyn takes a drug that increases his heart rate,breathing rate,and temperature.He has a feeling of energy and elevated mood on this drug.Kiptyn is probably taking

A)a stimulant.
B)a hallucinogen.
C)marijuana.
D)alcohol.

Question 44

Adolescents who use prescription narcotics to get high are most likely to obtain the drugs by

A)buying them on the street from drug dealers.
B)buying them at school from classmates who are selling their own medications.
C)stealing them from the medicine cabinets of their parents and their friends' parents.
D)making up stories of being in pain to get prescriptions for the drugs from their doctors.

Question 45

Drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences and produce hallucinations are called

A)opiates.
B)cannabis.
C)psychedelics.
D)stimulants.

Question 46

Alcohol acts on the body as a

A)depressant.
B)stimulant.
C)hallucinogen.
D)xanthene stimulant.

Question 47

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to smoke cigarettes?

A)Renee,whose best friend smokes.
B)Bryce,whose parents preach against smoking and do not smoke themselves.
C)Joy,whose school has very few smokers.
D)Eve,an honor-roll student whose grandmother smokes.

Question 48

Which of the following drugs is a prescription painkiller?

A)Vicodin
B)Vitorin
C)Heroin
D)Lovaza

Question 49

Which of the following college students is MOST likely to be a binge drinker?

A)Mark,who lives in a fraternity.
B)Lance,who lives at home with his parents and commutes to school.
C)Lynn,who lives in a dorm on campus.
D)Dinah,who lives in a sorority.

Question 50

Since the 1980s,amphetamine use among high school seniors has

A)decreased significantly.
B)increased slightly.
C)decreased slightly.
D)remained at about the same level.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of LSD?

A)Its use increased slightly in the 1990s.
B)Its effects are almost always pleasurable.
C)Emotional effects may include impaired attention and memory.
D)Physical effects may include nausea,dizziness,and tremors.

Question 52

Which of the following statements regarding marijuana is NOT true?

A)Synthetic marijuana is considered safe to use.
B)Marijuana can impair memory and attention.
C)Marijuana use by adolescentshas recently decreased.
D)One reason for the increase in marijuana use between 2008 - 2012 is because it is perceived as harmless.

Question 53

Kathy's parents use alcohol quite a bit.After they get home from work,they drink steadily all evening and,although she has never seen her parents drunk,they don't spend much time interacting with each other or the children.According to research,Kathy is at risk for

A)drinking heavily herself.
B)depression.
C)social isolation.
D)becoming angry with her peers who drink.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a stimulant drug?

A)marijuana
B)caffeine
C)nicotine
D)cocaine

Question 55

Which of the following peer factors is NOT related to the likelihood of substance use?

A)Low parental knowledge of adolescents peers relations.
B)Drinking by peers
C)Parenting styles by peers' parents.
D)Academic success of peers.

Question 56

Carena has taken a drug that produces striking perceptual changes.Wherever she looks right now,she sees beautiful butterflies,objects glowing and changing shapes,and colors are rich and vibrant.It is most likely that Carena has taken

A)marijuana.
B)LSD.
C)cocaine.
D)Ecstasy.

Question 57

MDMA is known on the street as:

A)Special K.
B)Redbirds.
C)Ecstasy.
D)Oxys.

Question 58

Which of the following statements regarding Ecstasy is TRUE?

A)It usually comes in liquid form.
B)Tolerance develops slowly.
C)Users often become sleepy and lethargic.
D)It can lead to strokes or heart attacks.

Question 59

Which of the following statements regarding alcohol use among U.S.adolescents is NOT true?

A)Sizeable declines in adolescents' alcohol use have occurred in recent years.
B)Females engaged in more binge drinking than males.
C)Binge drinking has declined overall.
D)Drinking may increase slightly during the transition from high school to college as adolescents perceive that drinking is largely accepted,or even expected,by their peers.

Question 60

Addictive drugs,such as heroin,that cause a feeling of euphoria and pain relief,are known as

A)barbiturates.
B)opiates.
C)hallucinogens.
D)designer drugs.

Question 61

Tyler,age 13,has brought alcohol to school on two occasions and has run away from home twice.Tyler's acts are

A)index offenses.
B)status offenses.
C)conduct offenses.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 62

Which of the following adolescents is MOST at risk for depression?

A)Dan,who has just been cut from the football team.
B)Alexis,whose boyfriend just ended their two-year relationship and who has few female friends for support.
C)Ralph,who has conflict with his brother but a good relationship with his parents.
D)Cody,who broke up with his girlfriend because he realized she was too dependent on him.

Question 63

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of conduct disorder?

A)Multiple behaviors have to occur over a period of one year.
B)Behaviors have to occur before the age of 13.
C)Individuals must exhibit five or more of the aberrant behaviors,such as truancy,running away,fire setting,cruelty to animals,or excessive fighting.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 64

Which of the following statements regarding juvenile delinquency is NOT true?

A)Early-onset (before age 11)antisocial behavior is more likely to persist into emerging adulthood than is late-onset antisocial behavior.
B)Late-onset (after age 11)antisocial behavior is related to more negative developmental outcomes than early-onset antisocial behavior.
C)Males are more likely than females to engage in delinquency.
D)The peak age for violent behavior in females is 19 to 21.

Question 65

Ira is experiencing impotence,premature baldness,enlargement of the prostate gland,and pain upon urination.What class of drugs is Ira most likely using?

A)depressants
B)anabolic steroids
C)anti-anxiety drugs
D)anti-cancer drugs

Question 66

Faye,age 17,has no appetite,no energy,and no interest in any of the activities that used to give her pleasure.In addition,she feels worthless and has problems concentrating and making any decisions.Faye has had these symptoms for a month.Faye is probably suffering from

A)dysphoric disorder.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)a major depressive disorder.
D)normal adolescent mood swings.

Question 67

Criminal acts,whether committed by a juvenile or an adult,are known as

A)status offenses.
B)index offenses.
C)white-collar crimes.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of major depression?

A)interest in activities that were not formally of any interest
B)loss of energy
C)increase in appetite
D)sleeping too much

Question 69

Early alcohol use

A)is related to alcohol dependence during adulthood.
B)Is related to increased likelihood of delinquency.
C)Is almost always associated with parents who drink to intoxication.
D)Is not a significant risk factor in later substance abuse.

Question 70

Which of the following emerging adults is LEAST likely to drink heavily?

A)Phil,a married,23-year-old graduate student.
B)Megan,a single,21-year-old college senior.
C)Pam,a 24-year-old bank teller who never went to college.
D)Evie,a 22-year-old married woman who considers herself a born-again Christian.

Question 71

The most successful prevention program for adolescent delinquency

A)Focus on family interactions.
B)involve individual therapy for the teen at-risk for delinquency.
C)Involve group therapy for the teen at-risk for delinquency.
D)Are school based programs.

Question 72

Which of the following statements about inhalants is TRUE?

A)Inhalants cause users to feel a short-term increase of inhibitions.
B)Inhalants cause short-term intoxicating effects in users.
C)There are no serious effects to the body from the use of inhalants.
D)Use of inhalants by U.S.adolescents has increased slightly in the twenty-first century.

Question 73

Stephanie is using a drug that has caused her to have severe mood swings,paranoid jealousy,and uncontrollable bursts of anger.What class of drugs is Stephanie most likely using?

A)birth-control pills
B)anabolic steroids
C)anti-anxiety drugs
D)None of these choices are correct

Question 74

Females have more depressive symptoms than males do,for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)more negative body image than males.
B)less discrimination than males.
C)hormonal variability.
D)rumination in their depressed mood.

Question 75

Jake,age 14,has a long history of setting small fires,torturing kittens,skipping school,and fighting with his peers.His parents have sought counseling for him,as they cannot control him and fear that his behavior is getting worse.Jake meets the criteria for a diagnosis of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)oppositional-defiant disorder.
C)conduct disorder.
D)sociopathic personality disorder.

Question 76

Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of taking drugs by age 12?

A)Erica,age 9,whose parents insist that she attend Sunday School each week.
B)Jesse,age 11,who is an honor roll student in grade 6.
C)Pauline,who is rejected by most of her peers at school.
D)Maura,whose parents monitor her very closely.

Question 77

Belinda is a registered nurse who is employed at the Nurse Family Partnership.Which of the following activities would Brenda do as part of her daily work?

A)provide immunizations to children under age six
B)provide in-home support and training for adolescent mothers and their children up to age two
C)provide family therapy at an outpatient mental health clinic for families of special-needs children
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 78

Which of the following adolescents is MOST at risk for delinquency?

A)Ricardo,a Latino adolescent whose parents closely monitor his friends and activities.
B)Brendan,a non Latino White adolescent who has a high degree of sibling conflict.
C)Sara,an Asian American adolescent who feels liked by her peers at school.
D)Henry,an African American adolescent who spends his time with a deviant peer group.

Question 79

Al,age 16,has just been convicted of robbery.Because of his age,this offense would be labeled as

A)a misdemeanor.
B)a conduct offense.
C)an index offense.
D)a status offense.

Question 80

Erik Erikson viewed delinquency as an attempt to

A)get attention.
B)establish an identity.
C)rebel against strict parents.
D)establish independence and autonomy.