Deck 12: Leadership

Question 1

An outstanding leader needs good strategic substance and effective interpersonal skills.

Answer 1

True
Explanation:
Outstanding leaders combine good strategic substance and effective interpersonal processes to formulate and implement strategies that produce results and sustainable competitive advantage.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of effective followers?

A)They merely obey orders.
B)They do not think independently.
C)They are willing to tell the truth.
D)They usually meet expectations.
E)They pursue their own interests.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Effective followers distinguish themselves from ineffective ones in a number of ways, including thinking independently, being committed to organizational goals, being willing to tell the truth, holding higher performance standards than required, and being committed to a person and purpose other than themselves and their own goals.

Question 3

Which of the following statements accurately compares leadership and management?

A)Effective managers are more inspirational than leaders.
B)Effective managers are not necessarily true leaders.
C)One cannot be both a leader and an effective manager.
D)Leadership and management are unrelated.
E)Being an effective manager is equivalent to being a true leader.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Effective managers are not necessarily leaders. Many administrators, supervisors, and even top executives perform their responsibilities successfully without being great leaders. But these positions afford an opportunity for leadership.

Question 4

The behavioral approach is the oldest leadership perspective and focuses on the personal characteristics that great leaders share.

Question 5

Part of Miguel's job is to train, support, and discipline the members of his department. Miguel's position is one of _____ leadership.

A)supervisory
B)strategic
C)authoritarian
D)power
E)assistant

Question 6

The most effective leadership development experiences have three components: evaluation, accomplishment, and control.

Question 7

Part of Ysabel's job is to envision a viable future for her corporation and lead others in making the changes necessary to ensure such a future. Ysabel's job is to provide _____ leadership.

A)supervisory
B)strategic
C)authoritarian
D)power
E)assistant

Question 8

In leadership, charisma can be used positively or negatively.

Question 9

A manager who implements an absenteeism policy that disciplines offending employees is using _____ power.

A)coercive
B)expert
C)legitimate
D)referent
E)reward

Question 10

A mental image of a possible and desirable future state of an organization is called a _____.

A)mission
B)strategy
C)goal
D)vision
E)plan

Question 11

The best visions are both

A)unique and easy.
B)ideal and unique.
C)pragmatic and ideal.
D)typical and attainable.
E)pragmatic and attainable.

Question 12

The best leaders are cautious or even reticent about showing people their appreciation.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about leadership is true?

A)The number of followers has no impact on a leader's influence.
B)There is poor correlation between success at attaining worthy goals and being a good leader.
C)Interpersonal processes have little impact on leadership.
D)A leader is someone who influences others to attain goals.
E)Productive strategies have an insignificant effect on leadership.

Question 14

According to proponents of the situational approach to leadership, universally important traits and behaviors do not exist.

Question 15

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory highlights the participative dimension of leadership as the key situational factor.

Question 16

In the present organizational setup, having a vision for the future and communicating that vision to others are known to be essential components of great leadership.

Question 17

People who comply with a leader who has expert power can typically learn from or otherwise gain from that leader's knowledge.

Question 18

Leaders need not only to know what they want for their organizations but also to communicate their vision so that others understand what that is.

Question 19

What is the optimal placement for leadership?

A)There has to be one strong leader at the top.
B)There should be two or three leaders at the top.
C)Senior managers are the primary leaders.
D)Anyone with a management title should be a leader.
E)Leaders should permeate the organization.

Question 20

According to James Kouzes and Barry Posner, what do the best business leaders do?

A)Challenge the process
B)Follow a personal vision
C)Keep people under control
D)Tell people what to do
E)Criticize rather than praise

Question 21

The editorial team at Egghead Textbook Publishing was having trouble thinking of an exciting new approach to teaching history. Connie, one of the editors in the history department, emailed the other editors in the department and said, "Let's have a brainstorming session to see what we can come up with." This is an example of being a(n) _____ leader.

A)hierarchical
B)vertical
C)overreaching
D)autocratic
E)lateral

Question 22

Fiedler's contingency model takes a(n) _____ approach to leadership.

A)participative
B)character trait
C)behavioral
D)situational
E)autocratic

Question 23

The most comprehensive and generally useful situational model of leadership effectiveness is _____.

A)the Vroom model
B)the behavioral approach
C)Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory
D)path-goal theory
E)Fiedler's contingency model

Question 24

According to James Kouzes and Barry Posner, the best leaders

A)seldom show appreciation.
B)stick to conventional practices.
C)simply tell followers what to do.
D)inspire a shared vision.
E)often use punishments to motivate others.

Question 25

In Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory, job maturity refers to the

A)length of time the employee has been employed with the organization.
B)level of the follower's skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed.
C)follower's self-confidence and self-respect.
D)chronological age of the employee as compared to the median age of all employees in the organization.
E)amount of time a job as been defined within the organization.

Question 26

In Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory, psychological maturity refers to the

A)length of time the employee has been employed with the organization.
B)level of the follower's skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed.
C)follower's self-confidence and self-respect.
D)employee's level of educational achievement as compared to what the job requires.
E)amount of time a job as been defined within the organization.

Question 27

Which of the following statements about transactional leadership is true?

A)Transactional leadership approaches tend to be more effective for collectivists than for individualists.
B)Transactional leadership may be more effective for individualists than for collectivists.
C)Transactional leadership is particularly good for empowering a group.
D)Transactional leadership is good at inspiring people to focus on the goals of the organization.
E)Transactional leadership is good at transforming an organization as a whole.

Question 28

Which of the following is associated with group maintenance?

A)Stress reduction
B)Quantity of output
C)Following the rules
D)Work speed
E)Quality and accuracy

Question 29

A personal skill that is very important in the situational approaches to leadership is the ability to

A)impose your will upon unwilling followers and make them conform to your goals.
B)display self-confidence in the face of setbacks and make decisions despite uncertainty.
C)have a high need for achievement and constantly strive for improvement.
D)perceive the needs and goals of others and to adjust the leadership approach accordingly.
E)have the intelligence to interpret vast quantities of information.

Question 30

Which of the following is not one of the five important sources of power in an organization?

A)Legitimate power
B)Lateral power
C)Expert power
D)Reward power
E)Referent power

Question 31

Visions can be inappropriate, or fail, when they

A)are unique and challenging.
B)fail to motivate all members of the organization to the same extent.
C)reflect only the leaders' needs.
D)are focused on long-term benefits.
E)may take a couple of years to become feasible.

Question 32

Strategic leadership primarily gives

A)support and corrective feedback.
B)purpose and meaning to organizations.
C)financial support for plans.
D)guidance and prepares followers.
E)day-to-day coaching.

Question 33

Which of the following is associated with task performance?

A)Concern for people
B)Stress reduction
C)Appreciation of others
D)Focus of comfort
E)Quantity of output

Question 34

The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify

A)what a leader's followers think of the leader.
B)what behaviors a leader should expect from their followers.
C)what hierarchical structure is most conducive to leadership.
D)what good leaders do; that is, what behaviors they exhibit.
E)what personality traits a good leader exhibits.

Question 35

The focus of the original LMX theory is primarily on the leader behaviors historically considered _____.

A)task performance
B)group maintenance
C)employee participation in decision making
D)exercise of coercive power
E)exercise of referent power

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true of organizational visions?

A)Visions can exist only at the top of the organization.
B)Visions primarily focus on performance and day-to-day survival.
C)A person can develop a vision for any task.
D)A vision is optional for effective leadership.
E)A vision is still meaningful without any additional action.

Question 37

Sally is very charismatic and persuasive. People follow her because they want her approval. This is an example of _____ power.

A)coercive
B)expert
C)legitimate
D)referent
E)reward

Question 38

A laissez-fair style, in which a leader essentially makes no decisions, leads to

A)more negative attitudes and lower performance.
B)more positive attitudes and higher performance.
C)static attitudes and static performance.
D)more negative attitudes and static performance.
E)more positive attitudes and static performance.

Question 39

Supervisory leadership is best described as behavior that

A)provides support and corrective day-to-day feedback.
B)gives purpose and meaning to the organization.
C)involves envisioning and creating a positive future.
D)involves anticipation of changes.
E)creates collaboration with others to initiate changes.

Question 40

Which of the following best describes a vision as it pertains to leadership?

A)A plan to make an effective financial turnaround
B)A mental image of a future state of an organization
C)An image that people have of an organization
D)An operational plan for a specific department
E)A leader's plan for accomplishing his personal goals

Question 41

Which of the following traits distinguishes effective leaders from other people?

A)Materialism
B)Education
C)Self-confidence
D)Command-and-control attitude
E)Introversion

Question 42

Managers at Gary's Furniture Co. determined that there would be no end-of-year bonuses because sales were predicted to level off. Andrew, a department manager, let his staff know that even high-performing employees would not get bonuses this year. This change limits Andrews's _____ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)coercive
D)referent
E)expert

Question 43

Which type of power is dominant when a leader is respected for his knowledge?

A)Legitimate power
B)Reward power
C)Coercive power
D)Referent power
E)Expert power

Question 44

As a leadership trait, self-confidence is most likely to

A)help a leader avoid setbacks.
B)dilute a leader's effectiveness.
C)instill honesty and credibility in a leader.
D)allow a leader to overcome obstacles.
E)enable leaders to be more introverted.

Question 45

Referent power is described as the power that exists through having ____.

A)control over punishments
B)control over rewards
C)the authority to tell others what to do
D)expertise
E)appealing personal characteristics

Question 46

Carla is the manager for the communications department at her company. Carla is respected for her honesty and credibility and for keeping her word. These characteristics help define a leadership trait known as _____.

A)drive
B)leadership motivation
C)self-confidence
D)knowledge of the business
E)Integrity

Question 47

A set of leader characteristics that reflect a high level of effort and a high need for achievement is identified as ____.

A)vision
B)integrity
C)drive
D)charisma
E)power

Question 48

Erica, a manager at a restaurant, has the responsibility of scheduling workers and assigning projects during each shift. Employees who have performed poorly are often scheduled for the unpopular weekend shifts and the worst shift duties. In order to avoid this, most employees try to perform well. In this case, Erica seems to use a high degree of _____ power.

A)legitimate
B)negative
C)coercive
D)referent
E)expert

Question 49

As an identified leadership trait, integrity refers to

A)the drive to lead.
B)honesty and credibility.
C)the ability to overcome obstacles.
D)self-discipline.
E)rationality.

Question 50

_____ power is held by a manager who has control over the size of an employee's raise.

A)Legitimate
B)Reward
C)Coercive
D)Referent
E)Expert

Question 51

Which of the following types of power is most dominant when a leader utilizes his or her ability to control punishments?

A)Legitimate power
B)Reward power
C)Coercive power
D)Referent power
E)Expert power

Question 52

A leadership perspective that focuses on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics that leaders share is referred to as the ____.

A)knowledge approach
B)behavioral approach
C)leadership grid
D)leader-member exchange theory
E)trait approach

Question 53

Which of the following forms of power is being used when a sales manager gives his salespeople some tips on how to close a deal, and the salespeople then alter their sales techniques because they respect the manager's proficiency?

A)Coercive power
B)Legitimate power
C)Professional power
D)Referent power
E)Expert power

Question 54

Lydia, an office manager for Northridge Dental Associates, has a high need for achievement, is constantly striving for improvement, and shows ambition and energy. This describes her ____.

A)leadership motivation
B)integrity
C)self-confidence
D)drive
E)knowledge of the business

Question 55

Which of the following sources of power is most dominant when a leader is followed due to his or her charisma?

A)Legitimate power
B)Reward power
C)Coercive power
D)Referent power
E)Expert power

Question 56

As an identified leadership trait, leadership motivation suggests that great leaders

A)have drive.
B)are all introverts.
C)encourage others to lead.
D)hold conventional beliefs.
E)want to lead.

Question 57

Which of the following refers to the ability to influence others, which in an organizational setup means the ability to get things done or accomplish one's goals despite resistance from others?

A)Cohesion
B)Wisdom
C)Vision
D)Courage
E)Power

Question 58

_____ leadership gives purpose and meaning to organizations while envisioning and creating a positive future.

A)Strategic
B)Supervisory
C)Operational
D)Pseudotransformational
E)Autocratic

Question 59

At an architecture firm where Kelsey works, her manager is a personable and likable person who is quite popular. Kelsey has said that if she were the manager, she would manage just as he does, and she likes working with him. This manager seems to have a high degree of _____ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)coercive
D)referent
E)expert

Question 60

_____ power is dominant when subordinates are obliged to comply by virtue of a boss's authority.

A)Legitimate
B)Reward
C)Coercive
D)Referent
E)Expert

Question 61

Which of the following is a drawback of grid training?

A)Ignoring the influence of referent power
B)Advocating one-best-way style of leadership
C)Demanding more from leaders than most were capable of giving
D)Being little more than a money-making scheme
E)Focusing more on maintenance than on performance

Question 62

Angelina has again found herself frustrated at work. Her manager, for whatever reason, never makes a decision. If anything is to get done, Angelina and her coworkers simply do what they think is best. From the scenario, it can be inferred that Angelina's manager has adopted a _____ decision style.

A)autocratic
B)bureaucratic
C)task-oriented
D)employee-centered
E)laissez-faire

Question 63

Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are referred to as ____.

A)task performance behaviors
B)organizational citizenship behaviors
C)group maintenance behaviors
D)chain of commands
E)affirmative actions

Question 64

The leadership perspective that proposes that universally important traits and behaviors do not exist, and that effective leadership behavior varies from circumstance to circumstance is known as the ____.

A)situational approach
B)behavioral approach
C)trait approach
D)Vroom model of leadership
E)leader-member exchange theory

Question 65

Which of the following highlights the importance of leader behaviors, not just toward the group as a whole but also toward individuals on a personal level?

A)The behavioral leadership approach
B)The Vroom model of decision making
C)Leader-member exchange theory
D)The trait approach to leadership
E)Blake & Mouton's Leadership Grid

Question 66

The Vroom model is a situational model that focuses on

A)the participative dimension of leadership.
B)the path-goal approach to leadership.
C)Fiedler's contingency model.
D)leader substitutes theory.
E)the directive model of power.

Question 67

Autocratic leaders

A)make decisions on their own.
B)solicit the input of experts for decisions.
C)solicit the input of group members for decisions.
D)allow subordinates to make decisions.
E)look for consensus in making decisions.

Question 68

Task performance behaviors are focused on

A)accomplishing organizational goals.
B)understanding people's feelings and comfort.
C)maintaining harmonious work relationships.
D)preserving the social stability of the group.
E)reducing stress and increasing satisfaction.

Question 69

The three categories of leadership behaviors that have received particular attention are

A)autocratic approach, democratic choices, and laissez-faire.
B)task performance, group maintenance, and employee participation in decision making.
C)leader preferences, follower preferences, and environmental factors.
D)assertiveness, adaptability, and managing complexity.
E)employee motivation, effective two-way communication, and stress management.

Question 70

Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the social stability of the group are referred to as _____ behaviors.

A)task performance
B)organizational citizenship
C)performance-oriented
D)customer-centered
E)group maintenance

Question 71

_____ is a leadership philosophy characterized by an absence of managerial decision making.

A)Laissez-faire
B)Leader-member exchange theory
C)Caveat emptor
D)Path-goal theory
E)Servant-leadership theory

Question 72

A situational model of leadership that focuses on how leaders go about making decisions using factors like decision significance, leader expertise, and group support for objectives is referred to as the ____.

A)path-goal theory
B)leader-member exchange theory
C)contingency theory
D)Vroom model of leadership
E)Fiedler's contingency model of leadership

Question 73

Enrique is a manager who is known in his company for following the rules and demanding accurate, quality work from his employees. Enrique is a(n) ____ leader.

A)employee-centered
B)task-oriented
C)customer-centered
D)maintenance-oriented
E)relationship-oriented

Question 74

Effective leaders have been shown to possess a high level of expertise about their industries, companies, and relevant technical matters. This trait is referred to as ____.

A)knowledge of the business
B)multiple intelligence
C)expert leadership
D)legitimate authority
E)referent power

Question 75

According to leader behavior research conducted at Ohio State and Michigan, the ideal leader

A)does not exist.
B)is both performance and maintenance oriented.
C)is both autocratic and democratic.
D)is one who brings in the most profitable plans to the company.
E)relies on the situation to dictate his or her behavior.

Question 76

_____ approach is a leadership perspective that attempts to identify what effective leaders do and gives less importance to personality characteristics.

A)Behavioral
B)Trait
C)Transformational
D)Strategic
E)Authentic

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true of decision styles?

A)Laissez-faire style results in positive attitudes.
B)Democratic style results in positive attitudes.
C)Autocratic style results in lower performance.
D)Laissez-faire results in higher performance.
E)Democratic style is the fastest.

Question 78

_____ leadership is a form of leadership in which the leader solicits input from subordinates.

A)Autocratic
B)Pseudotransformational
C)Democratic
D)Bureaucratic
E)Authoritarian

Question 79

The situational approach to leadership suggests that

A)a combination of concern for people and concern for task will always succeed.
B)a leader should make decisions and then announce them to the group.
C)a leader should analyze a situation before deciding what to do.
D)there is a single best way to manage at all situations.
E)most leaders cannot alter their style of leadership despite the demands of the situation.

Question 80

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory highlights the

A)efforts made by leaders to ensure that they achieve their personal goals.
B)ability of a leader to control others through the use of reward power.
C)leader's authority to which the employees are obligated to comply.
D)importance of leader behaviors on both a group and an individual basis.
E)importance of giving commands and exchanging rewards for services rendered.