Deck 5: Social Interaction

Question 1

It is not always possible to know what people want because norms are not presented to us fully formed.Nor do we:

A)simply accept norms as they are presented to us
B)understand norms
C)challenge norms
D)negotiate norms
E)all of these choices

Answer 1

A

Question 2

People learn how to manipulate the way they present themselves so they can appear in the best possible light and be judged competent by others.This is the central insight of:

A)rational choice theory
B)symbolic interactionism
C)ethnomethodology
D)exchange theory
E)the analysis of impression management

Answer 2

E

Question 3

According to Brym and Lie,the main problem with rational choice theory is that it is too narrow because:

A)social interaction is focused on reciprocity
B)social interaction is not all selfishness
C)social interaction is based on altruism
D)social interaction is based on social resources
E)all of these choices

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to the textbook,the most fundamental sociological question that can be asked is:

A)Why do people use the same language?
B)Why do people change?
C)How do people understand each other?
D)Why do people believe in authority?
E)Why do people maintain stable patterns of interaction?

Question 5

If a student in a sociology class asks questions that she thinks will impress her teacher,the student is engaged in:

A)rational choice
B)competition for attention
C)ethnomethodology
D)sociobiology
E)impression management

Question 6

According to research conducted by Charles Derber,Americans usually try to turn conversations toward:

A)important topics
B)things they care about
C)themselves
D)others
E)anything other than themselves

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the features around which social interaction is organized?

A)each person tends to adhere to specific norms
B)each person acts according to the demands of their role
C)each person assumes a certain status
D)all of these choices

Question 8

People's expectations concerning the behavior of a mother define the mother's:

A)role
B)status
C)norms
D)group memberships
E)authority

Question 9

The theory that social interaction involves trade in valued resources is the central insight of:

A)functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)exchange theory
D)dramaturgy
E)Marxist social theory

Question 10

The idea of altruistic behavior is tied to the expectation that others will do for us what we are willing to do for them.The decision of whether or not to engage in altruistic behavior is part of a process of evaluation in which theory?

A)functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)exchange theory
D)rational choice theory
E)Durkheimian theory

Question 11

Dramaturgical analysis originated in the work of:

A)Max Weber
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Georg Simmel
D)Jack Haas
E)Erving Goffman

Question 12

A(n)____ is the entire ensemble of statuses occupied by an individual:

A)social category
B)coterie
C)achieved prescriptive status
D)status set
E)clique

Question 13

The process of people orienting themselves to others in response to each other's behavior is called:

A)network building
B)civil inattention
C)social relationship
D)social interaction
E)sociology

Question 14

A recognized position in an interaction is known as a:

A)role
B)status
C)norm
D)social group
E)social interaction

Question 15

Maintaining an intimate interaction requires that the need of both parties for attention be met.This highlights which process of interaction?

A)solidarity
B)domination
C)competition
D)cooperation
E)all of these choices

Question 16

A conversation can be which of the following?

A)a competition for attention
B)based on norms,roles and statuses
C)a social interaction
D)a dramaturgical process
E)all of these choices

Question 17

Which of the following processes helps maintain social interaction?

A)domination
B)competition
C)cooperation
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 18

A "daughter" is an example of a(n):

A)ascribed status
B)achieved status
C)master status
D)role set
E)normative prescriptive

Question 19

Charles Derber's research shows that most conversations are a:

A)competition for attention
B)competition for control
C)command and control issue
D)dramaturgical struggle
E)macrostructural process

Question 20

When people are communicating face-to-face,acting and reacting in relation to other people,they are said to be involved in ____.

A)bureaucracy
B)group behavior
C)collective behavior
D)social interaction
E)social arrangements

Question 21

The face is capable of more than ____ expressions reflecting the whole range of human emotion.

A)100
B)500
C)1,000
D)5,000
E)50

Question 22

When crossing a campus mall area,Americans are typically careful not to invade which zone (s)?

A)intimate
B)personal
C)social
D)public
E)intimate and personal

Question 23

The visual indicators of other people's social position are called:

A)body language
B)personal zones
C)social symbols
D)status cues
E)symbolic interactions

Question 24

When someone distinguishes between a public role and a view of their "true" selves,they are engaged in:

A)"back stage" performance
B)"front stage" performance
C)demonstrating their "true" character
D)role distancing
E)"playing"

Question 25

According to ____ theory,interacting people always try to maximize benefits and minimize cost.

A)exchange
B)symbolic interactionism
C)norm of reciprocity
D)rational choice
E)dramaturgical analysis

Question 26

Body language communicates the degree to which people conform to widely shared expectations about how males or females are supposed to act.An example of such body language is:

A)how men and women are expected to sit in chairs
B)how men and women look
C)how men and women smile
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 27

If we think our job is "beneath us," we may engage in:

A)role distancing
B)dramaturgical analysis
C)ethnomethodology
D)symbolic interactionism
E)none of these choices

Question 28

The line from Shakespeare's play As You Like It,"All the world's a stage and all the men and women merely players",illustrates which theory?

A)dramaturgical analysis
B)rational choice theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)neofunctionalism
E)exchange theory

Question 29

The study of the methods ordinary people use,often unconsciously,to make sense of what others do and say,is called:

A)dramaturgical analysis
B)rational choice theory
C)ethnomethodology
D)neofunctionalism
E)exchange theory

Question 30

When talking to a friend,you are most likely to be in which zone of social space?

A)intimate
B)personal
C)social
D)group
E)public

Question 31

In Robert Provine's research on laughing in public places,he found that:

A)men laugh more than women
B)women laugh more than men
C)listeners laugh more than speakers
D)there were no significant differences

Question 32

The idea that social interaction involves trade in attention and other valued resources is the central insight of:

A)symbolic interactionism
B)exchange theory
C)norm of reciprocity
D)rational choice theory
E)dramaturgical analysis

Question 33

When people try to control how others see them so that they will be viewed in the best possible light,they are engaged in:

A)impression management
B)role distancing
C)social exchange
D)normal behavior
E)ethnomethodology

Question 34

Rigid views of how members of various groups act,regardless of whether individual group members really behave that way,are called:

A)status cues
B)social organizations
C)stereotypes
D)social spaces
E)symbolic interactions

Question 35

When people come into contact with one another,they usually try to get information that will help them understand both the situation and the people that they have to interact with.They do this by paying attention to:

A)social organization
B)personal zones
C)the time of day when the interaction takes place
D)status cues
E)symbolic interactions

Question 36

Norms can:

A)be prescriptive
B)be proscriptive
C)change over time
D)be universal
E)all of these choices

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a zone of space that surrounds a person?

A)intimate zone
B)personal zone
C)social zone
D)group zone
E)public zone

Question 38

Stereotypes can degenerate from ____,which usually help people understand the context of social interaction.

A)status cues
B)social organizations
C)negative stereotypes
D)social spaces
E)symbolic interactions

Question 39

An area of space that is situated in the area roughly four to twelve feet away from someone is known as the ____zone.

A)intimate
B)personal
C)social
D)group
E)public

Question 40

The theory that regards people as active,creative and self-reflective in their everyday life is known as:

A)conflict theory
B)functionalism
C)symbolic interactionism
D)neofunctionalism
E)exchange theory

Question 41

Jokes function to:

A)invert or pervert reality
B)let us see beyond the taken-for -granted world
C)enable us to see the structure of society that lies just beneath our laughter
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 42

Which of the following must be experts in emotion labor?

A)teachers
B)clerks
C)carpenters
D)plumbers
E)teachers and clerks

Question 43

Sociologists call the entire ensemble of statuses occupied by an individual a (n):

A)achieved status
B)ascribed status
C)master status
D)role set
E)status set

Question 44

Max Weber defined ____ as "the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his (or her)own will despite resistance."

A)cooperation
B)competition
C)interaction
D)power
E)none of these choices

Question 45

According to Provine's study,which speakers get more laughs?

A)people with lower status
B)women
C)people with higher status
D)girls
E)no significant differences among these choices

Question 46

While status cues may be useful in helping people define a situation,they can quickly degenerate into:

A)stereotypes
B)norms
C)values
D)roles
E)none of these choices

Question 47

____ involves people obeying "feeling rules" and responding appropriately to the situations in which they find themselves.

A)Emotion work
B)Ethnomethodology
C)Cooperation
D)Emotion management
E)None of these choices

Question 48

The emotion in cooperative interaction is

A)fear
B)greed
C)power
D)trust
E)none of these choices

Question 49

Envy is an important emotion in:

A)cooperation
B)power
C)dramaturgical analysis
D)competition
E)domination

Question 50

____ holds that social interaction involves trade in valued resources.

A)Rational choice theory
B)Ethnomethodology
C)Sociobiology
D)Conflict theory
E)Exchange theory

Question 51

A "put-down" joke has the effect of:

A)excluding outsiders
B)making you feel superior
C)reinforcing group norms
D)reinforcing the status hierarchy
E)all of these choices

Question 52

Today's most advanced computers can

A)conduct a natural-sounding conversation with a person
B)translate correctly from one language to another
C)both of these choices
D)none of these choices

Question 53

____ are visual indicators of other people's social position.

A)Norms
B)Status cues
C)Stereotypes
D)Roles
E)Emotions

Question 54

The building blocks of all face-to-face communication are:

A)norms
B)roles
C)statuses
D)all of these choices
E)norms and roles only

Question 55

Until 1968,stewardesses were required:

A)to be single
B)to be not pregnant
C)to be attractive
D)to achieve certain standards on IQ tests
E)all of these choices

Question 56

Who said,"Every joke is a tiny revolution"?

A)Karl Marx
B)Robert Provine
C)George Orwell
D)Sigmund Freud
E)William Shakespeare

Question 57

____ involves giving the impression that we are just "going through the motions" but actually lack serious commitment to a role.

A)Role conflict
B)Role distancing
C)Role strain
D)Emotion work
E)Emotion management

Question 58

Fear is the dominant emotion in systems of interaction based on ____.

A)cooperation
B)competition
C)emotion work
D)domination
E)none of these choices

Question 59

____ is labor that is required to produce or prevent feeling to achieve one's task.

A)Emotion work
B)Emotion management
C)Dramaturgical analysis
D)Ethnomethodology
E)none of these choices

Question 60

Hochschild claims that which group(s)cultivates the habit of suppressing their own feelings more than people in opposite groups?

A)men
B)Catholics
C)middle class
D)lower class
E)upper class

Question 61

The most important types of nonverbal communication involve the use of:

A)facial expressions
B)gestures
C)body language
D)status cues
E)all of these choices

Question 62

During the Middle Ages the following practices were common at banquets:

A)belching
B)passing gas
C)eating with their hands
D)all of these choices
E)only belching and eating with their hands

Question 63

According to Goffman,the stability of social life depends on our adherence to:

A)norms
B)roles
C)statuses
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 64

The commonsense view of emotions as ____ proves to be misguided.

A)unique
B)spontaneous
C)natural
D)uncontrollable
E)all of these choices

Question 65

Which is NOT a characteristic of interaction according to Goffman's dramaturgical analysis?

A)We are constantly engaged in role-playing during frontstage interaction.
B)People can relax in the backstage.
C)We become aware of our public roles and our "true" selves.
D)Interaction involves a symbolic trade of backstage interaction.
E)We engage in role-distance during interaction.

Question 66

Nearly ____ of the jobs women do involve substantial amounts of emotional labor.

A)all
B)one third
C)half
D)two thirds
E)95%

Question 67

Randall Collins and others have shown that the most efficient workers are those who:

A)enjoy their work
B)identify with their employer
C)both of these choices
D)none of these choices

Question 68

Role conflict occurs when:

A)two or more statuses held at the same time place contradictory role demands on an individual.
B)incompatible role distancing is placed on a person in a single status.
C)individuals have difficulty with frontstage behavior.
D)individuals are incapable of role playing.
E)All of the above.

Question 69

Ethnomethodologists stress that interactions could not take place without pre-existing shared:

A)norms
B)understandings
C)competitions
D)all of these choices
E)norms and understandings

Question 70

Status cues include:

A)skin color
B)age
C)gender
D)clothing
E)all of these choices

Question 71

Over the years from 1600 to the present,emotional investment in children increased due to:

A)improved health conditions
B)falling infant mortality rate
C)women having fewer babies
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 72

Interacting individuals:

A)tend to conform to specific values.
B)act according to role sets.
C)ascribe a certain status.
D)None of the above.
E)All of the above.

Question 73

Which type of interaction can NOT be explained in terms of exchange or rational choice theory?

A)altruism
B)heroic acts
C)a conversation between individuals competing for attention
D)All of the above.
E)a and b

Question 74

Emotions:

A)form an important part of all social interactions
B)are universal
C)are constant
D)all of these choices
E)are universal and constant

Question 75

____ focuses less on resources and more on the way interacting individuals weigh the benefits and costs of interaction.

A)Functional theory
B)Rational choice theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Dramaturgical analysis
E)Feminist theory

Question 76

According to ____ theory,interacting people always try to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

A)rational choice
B)exchange
C)emotion management
D)role conflict
E)role strain

Question 77

According to Hochschild,the bill collectors seek to:

A)get debtors riled up
B)ensure debtors' discomfort
C)intimidate debtors
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 78

Exchange theorists believe that when people interact,they exchange valued resources including

A)attention
B)pleasure
C)approval
D)money
E)all of these choices

Question 79

The most efficient basis of social interaction is usually

A)competition
B)cooperation
C)rational choice
D)status
E)stereotype

Question 80

In Europe as late as 1600:

A)life expectancy was only 35 years
B)many infants died at birth
C)infectious diseases decimated entire populations
D)people invested less emotionally in their children than we typically do.
E)all of these choices