Deck 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death

Question 1

Sociologically speaking,a category of people born in the same range of years is called a (n):

A)age role
B)age course
C)life expectancy
D)age cohort
E)age bias

Answer 1

D

Question 2

____ are patterns of behavior that we expect of people in different age cohorts.

A)age behaviors
B)age temperaments
C)age roles
D)age biases
E)none of these choices

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The average age at death of the members of a population is called:

A)life course
B)death course
C)death expectancy
D)life expectancy
E)none of these choices

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Disabled people participated little in efforts to improve the conditions of their existence until:

A)1700s
B)1850s
C)early 1900s
D)1960s
E)1990s

Question 5

Many members of the deaf community:

A)have a common language and culture
B)marry other deaf people
C)remain deaf even if medical treatment can cure them
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 6

Overweight American women as compared to women who are not overweight:

A)have less schooling
B)are less likely to be married
C)have lower household income
D)are more likely to live in poverty
E)all of these choices

Question 7

Prejudice,discrimination,and unintended negligence against the disabled is called:

A)ageism
B)ablism
C)disablism
D)disability reaction
E)none of these choices

Question 8

____ refers to social inequality between age cohorts.

A)age bias
B)age roles
C)generation
D)age stratification
E)life expectancy

Question 9

Tall people:

A)live longer than others
B)earn more than others
C)tend to reach the top of their profession more quickly than others
D)were elected to the presidency of the United States more often than their shorter opponents
E)all of these choices

Question 10

For ____ reasons,enhancing one's body image to conform to prevailing norms became especially important in urban,industrial societies.

A)social
B)economic
C)technological
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 11

Within most countries,correlations show that:

A)members of upper classes are shorter than members of middle classes.
B)members of middle classes are shorter than members of lower classes.
C)members of lower classes are taller than members of upper classes.
D)class differences in height are greater than they were centuries ago.
E)None of these choices.

Question 12

The correlation between per capita family income and average height across many countries is:

A)not strong
B)very strong
C)weak
D)very weak
E)negligible

Question 13

Some of the stages of the life course are established by:

A)norms
B)law
C)rites
D)norms and law
E)none of these choices

Question 14

A (n)____ is a special type of age cohort.

A)age role
B)generation
C)age course
D)life course
E)rite of passage

Question 15

All individuals pass through distinct stages of life which,taken together,sociologists call:

A)the life course
B)rites of passage
C)rituals
D)transition
E)change of life

Question 16

Distinct stages of life are often marked by

A)the life course
B)norms
C)mandates
D)rites of passage
E)none of these choices

Question 17

Rehabilitation of the disabled includes:

A)curing
B)education
C)training
D)integrating
E)all of these choices

Question 18

According to Priestly,perhaps ____ of the world's people identify themselves as disabled or are characterized as such by others:

A)1/10
B)1/20
C)1/30
D)1/100
E)1/1000

Question 19

There is apparently ____ between obesity and social class.

A)a reciprocal relationship
B)no apparent relationship
C)a technological relationship
D)a curative relationship

Question 20

The US government funded forced sterilization of Native North American women:

A)from 1700s to 1800s
B)from 1800s to 1850
C)from 1850 to 1900s
D)from 1900s to 1920s
E)from 1920s to 1970s

Question 21

____ is a prejudice about and a discrimination against,elderly people:

A)Ageism
B)Age stratification
C)Generationism
D)Gerontocracy
E)Autocracy

Question 22

Compared to other rich countries,the United States is a relatively

A)old society
B)young society
C)middle-aged society
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 23

Which of these states is NOT in the group of states that has 13.5-18.3 per cent of their population 65 years old or older?

A)Florida
B)California
C)Iowa
D)South Dakota
E)North Dakota

Question 24

Societies in which elderly men rule are called:

A)male-centric municipalities
B)autocracies
C)gerontocracies
D)patriocracies
E)machocracies

Question 25

The rising number of the old old concerns people because they are most likely to suffer:

A)general physiological decline
B)life-threatening diseases
C)social isolation
D)poverty
E)all of these choices

Question 26

____ say that age stratification stems from competition and conflict:

A)Functionalists
B)Conflict theorists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)All of these choices
E)None of these choices

Question 27

Many of the most important social distinctions are "written" on the body by different styles of

A)dress
B)jewelry
C)tattoos
D)cosmetics
E)all of these choices

Question 28

In 2000,____ of Americans 75 years and over lived in single-family detached homes:

A)10 per cent
B)30 per cent
C)40 per cent
D)50 per cent
E)70 per cent

Question 29

In the table showing Characteristics of People Who Hastened Their Death under Oregon's Death with Dignity Act,it showed all the following to be true EXCEPT:

A)Ninety-seven percent were White.
B)Almost half were married.
C)The largest percentage were college graduates.
D)Seventy-five percent were male.
E)Fifty percent had private insurance.

Question 30

Which of the following is not true about the percentage of elderly in the United States?

A)In 1900 they were 4 per cent of the population.
B)In 2003 they were 13 per cent of the population.
C)By 2040 they will be nearly 21 per cent of the population.
D)After 2040 their percentage will start to decline.
E)None of these choices.They are all true.

Question 31

The reason (s)for the rising proportion of elderly people in virtually all industrialized societies is (are):

A)fertility rates have been declining
B)population growth has slowed
C)medical advances have been made
D)better welfare provisions are available
E)all of these choices

Question 32

Venus,as depicted in Greek and Roman sculpture,would be considered ____ in American media today:

A)underweight
B)overweight
C)a perfect figure
D)similar to a Barbie Doll in proportions
E)none of these choices

Question 33

Age stratification ,in the ____ view,reflects the importance of each age cohort's current contribution to society:

A)functionalist's
B)conflict theorist's
C)symbolic interactionist's
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 34

Seniors enjoying higher status then sophomores is an example of

A)age bias
B)age roles
C)age norms
D)age stratification
E)age structure

Question 35

Which area of sociology examines how society copes with the consequences of a growing elderly population?

A)the sociology of health and medicine
B)the sociology of aging
C)the sociology of stratification
D)political economy
E)economic sociology

Question 36

____ focus on the meanings people attach to age-based groups and age stratification:

A)Functionalists
B)Conflict theorists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)All of these choices
E)None of these choices

Question 37

The Death with Dignity Act:

A)allows people to help their loved ones commit suicide
B)was enacted in California
C)requires four physicians to concur that the patients are terminally ill
D)requires that barbiturates be given intravenously
E)none of these choices

Question 38

People considered deficient in physical or mental capacity are called:

A)impaired
B)disabled
C)rehabilitated
D)aged
E)none of these choices

Question 39

The ability to prolong life by technical means raises new questions about which of the following:

A)whether people over 65 should be allowed to fly commercial aircraft
B)whether people over 75 should be allowed to drive
C)when people should be allowed to die
D)how people should be allowed to live
E)what people should be allowed to eat

Question 40

A (n)____ is composed of members of an age cohort who have unique and formative experiences during their youth:

A)age cohort
B)life course
C)generation
D)correlation
E)none of these choices

Question 41

The patterns of behavior that are expected of people in different age cohorts are called:

A)age roles
B)generations
C)age cohorts
D)life stages
E)life courses

Question 42

Revolutionary movements,whether in politics or the arts,are sometimes led by members of a (n)____ who aggressively displace authorities.

A)age cohort
B)life group
C)generation
D)cohort
E)percentile

Question 43

Different societies attach different ____ to the progression of life throughout its various stages:

A)barriers
B)organizations
C)institutions
D)meanings
E)all of these choices

Question 44

The novelist Douglas Copeland invented the term Generation X and sarcastically defined a "low-pay,low-prestige,low-dignity,low-benefit,no-future job in the service sector" as a:

A)grr-eat job
B)McJob
C)jobX
D)fake job
E)low job

Question 45

In the United States,menopause is a dramatic life event.In Japan it is considered a relatively minor matter.This highlights the idea that:

A)menopause is experienced in all cultures
B)different societies attach different meanings to the same stages of aging
C)women are analyzed differently than men
D)the stages of life are natural processes
E)all of the above

Question 46

Societies where elderly men run the government,earn the highest incomes and enjoy the most prestige are called:

A)gerontologies
B)gerontologic culture control
C)gerontocracies
D)generational authority
E)life course government

Question 47

The category of people known as "baby boomers" is a (n):

A)age role
B)generation
C)age cohort
D)life stage
E)life cohort

Question 48

Rituals signifying the transformation from one life stage to another are called:

A)gerontology
B)the life course
C)aging
D)rites of passage
E)life expectancy

Question 49

A special type of age cohort that is born within a 15 to 30 year span is called a(n):

A)age role
B)generation
C)age cohort
D)life stage
E)life cohort

Question 50

Social inequality between age cohorts is called:

A)age classism
B)age stratification
C)age cohort
D)generational conflict
E)ageism

Question 51

Inequality based on age exists in all societies and may be observed in everyday social interaction.It is called:

A)age classism
B)age stratification
C)age cohort
D)generational conflict
E)the life course

Question 52

When someone tells you to "start acting your age!" they are encouraging you to follow a (n):

A)age role
B)generation
C)age cohort
D)life stage
E)life course

Question 53

All individuals pass through distinct stages of life,which,taken together,sociologists call:

A)gerontology
B)the life course
C)aging
D)rites of passage
E)life expectancy

Question 54

Members of an age cohort who have unique and formative experiences during their youth are called a (n):

A)age role
B)generation
C)age cohort
D)life stage
E)life cohort

Question 55

In general,seniors in high school enjoy higher status than sophomores.Sophomores enjoy higher status than first year students.This is an illustration of:

A)age roleover
B)age stratification
C)age classism
D)generational conflict
E)the life course

Question 56

A category of people born in the same range of years is called a (n):

A)age role
B)generation
C)age cohort
D)life stage
E)life cohort

Question 57

Members of which generation faced a period of slower economic growth and a job market glutted by the baby boomers?

A)Generation Y
B)the "me" generation
C)the "beat" generation
D)Generation X
E)Generation Z

Question 58

John Lie worked for a time in a South Korean corporation and noticed a pattern unique to the area.Whenever a new manager started work,everyone in the department who was older than the new manager either resigned or was reassigned.Given the importance of age seniority in South Korea,it was considered difficult for a manager to hold authority over older employees.This is an example of a(n):

A)age takeover
B)age stratification
C)age classism
D)generational conflict
E)gerontocracy

Question 59

According to Brym and Lie,there are generationally defined moments that help to reinforce and crystallize the feeling of:

A)being in a particular occupation
B)being male or female
C)being a member of a particular generation
D)all of these choices
E)none of these choices

Question 60

Circumcision,baptism,confirmation,the bar mitzvah,college graduation,and the wedding ceremony are all examples of

A)gerontology
B)the life course
C)aging
D)rites of passage
E)life expectancy

Question 61

Many people in the United States use which of the following to prolong youth or at least the appearance of youth:

A)diet and fashion
B)surgery
C)exercise
D)makeup
E)all of these choices

Question 62

According to Brym and Lie,the apparently natural processes of death and dying are really:

A)political issues
B)psychological in nature
C)social phenomena
D)economic concerns
E)exclusively biological phenomena

Question 63

In the United States,65 is usually regarded as the age when people become:

A)old old
B)medium old
C)elderly
D)middle-aged
E)none of these choices

Question 64

Which statement is true of the height differences between the upper classes and lower classes?

A)There are no average height differences between upper classes and lower classes within most countries.
B)Class differences in height are greater than they were centuries ago.
C)Middle-class members tend to be shorter than working-class members.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 65

Short people experience ____ discrimination based on height.

A)no
B)blatant
C)subtle
D)reasonable
E)ideological

Question 66

A study of 69 people who died with Dr.Kevorkian's assistance found that only 25 per cent were terminally ill while a disproportionately large number of them were socially isolated women (divorced or never married).These findings suggest that:

A)euthanasia has no gender bias
B)some groups are especially vulnerable to the misuse of euthanasia
C)medicine needs to address the needs of socially isolated women
D)clinical safeguards are not necessary when engaging in euthanasia.
E)all of these choices

Question 67

Many sociologists of aging refer to elderly people who enjoy relatively good health and who are between the ages of 65 and 74,as the:

A)new elderly
B)old old
C)young old
D)medium old
E)old young

Question 68

One of the main reasons for the relative economic security of the elderly is that they:

A)have a lot of support from the young
B)are focused on many issues at once
C)are well organized politically
D)are focused on one or two issues at a time

Question 69

A doctor prescribes or administers medication or treatment that is intended to end a terminally ill patient's life.This is known as:

A)terminalization
B)lethal dosage resolution
C)the end of the life cycle
D)the medicalization of death
E)euthanasia

Question 70

Ambivalence about aging -especially as people reach the oldest age cohort - is:

A)only common in Western countries
B)only common in Asian countries
C)a cultural universal
D)not widespread anywhere
E)none of the above

Question 71

More than one out of eight Americans over the age of 65:

A)suffers a debilitating illness
B)works in the paid labor force
C)is wealthy
D)lives in Florida
E)all of these choices

Question 72

The sex ratio decreases with age because:

A)men live longer than women on average
B)women live longer than men on average
C)women and men are more likely to divorce as they get older
D)the statistics of the population changes over time
E)none of these choices

Question 73

Sociologists of aging refer to elderly people who are 85 years of age and older as the:

A)new elderly
B)old old
C)young old
D)medium old
E)old young

Question 74

The elderly have grown as a percentage of the United States population since 1900.This cohort is expected to increase in number until about:

A)2005
B)2010
C)2012
D)2022
E)2050

Question 75

People 30 years old or more tend to think of Bob Dole:

A)as a political figure.
B)as an advertising icon for Pepsi.
C)as a poster boy for Viagra.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 76

By 2040,nearly 21 per cent of the population of the United States will be:

A)young old
B)middle-aged
C)elderly
D)children
E)infants

Question 77

The relationship between the body and society is especially clear in the case of:

A)sex.
B)women.
C)childhood.
D)disability.
E)gerontocracy.

Question 78

In the discipline of sociology,the human body is:

A)a trivial topic,thus not highly interesting to most sociologists.
B)a biological wonder,thus irrelevant to most sociological researchers.
C)a subject of growing interest.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 79

Median income varies from one age cohort to another.It is highest in which age cohort?

A)25-34
B)35-44
C)45-54
D)55-64
E)65 and over

Question 80

The number of men compared to the number of women in the population is known as the:

A)age ratio
B)sex ratio
C)gender ratio
D)gender rate
E)female-to-male ratio