Deck 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Question 1

Until recently,the least studied part of the life span has been

A) adolescence.
B) young adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) older adulthood.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the United States,middle adulthood is

A) a troublesome period, marked by significant physical losses.
B) a time of stress and storm as lifestyles take a severe turn for the worse.
C) currently the age of the best educated and most affluent cohort to ever reach middle age anywhere.
D) a poorly studied period of the life span with contradictory information.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Aaron,who is now 48 years old,has noticed that he needs to add a lot more spice to his foods to be able to really taste their flavor.According to your text,the best explanation for Aaron's observation is

A) an increase in the number of his olfactory cells.
B) a decrease in the sensitivity of his taste buds.
C) social pressure to eat spicier foods.
D) presbycusis.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

People in middle adulthood are likely to be involved in

A) running departments.
B) children leaving home.
C) caring for aging parents.
D) All of these

Question 5

Jim must hold a newspaper at arm's length to read it.He should be checked for

A) nearsightedness.
B) glaucoma.
C) presbyopia.
D) myopia.

Question 6

Driving ability in middle adulthood usually

A) declines, because of physical losses.
B) is better than ever before, because of experience.
C) is no better or worse than at any other time of life.
D) declines in women but not in men.

Question 7

Tim has recently realized that he has difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds when he listens to his favorite music on the stereo.His condition is referred to as

A) presbyopia.
B) atonia.
C) presbycusis.
D) pertussis.

Question 8

Hearing loss in middle age is

A) greater for women than men.
B) usually sudden.
C) most noticeable in the upper frequencies.
D) most noticeable in the lower frequencies.

Question 9

According to the MIDUS study,most middle-aged individuals are in good _____ shape and feel good about the quality of their lives.

A) physical
B) cognitive
C) emotional
D) All of these

Question 10

Loss of taste sensitivity in middle age usually

A) is primarily due to the loss of smell.
B) does not begin until well into the sixties.
C) results from injury.
D) results from a decline in the sensitivity of taste buds.

Question 11

Tristan,now 54 years old,is constantly complaining to his wife that she keeps the house too dark and he can't see to read his newspaper.It is likely that Tristan is beginning to suffer from

A) presbyopia.
B) presbycusis.
C) arthritis.
D) myopia.

Question 12

The acronym MIDUS stands for

A) Midlife in the United States Study.
B) Middle Age in the United States Study.
C) Mental Age in the United States Study.
D) Midlife in the Unified States Study.

Question 13

Penelope is 42 years old.According to findings from the MIDUS study,we would expect that she

A) has begun to suffer serious cognitive declines.
B) is in better physical shape than she was in her twenties.
C) is in good emotional shape.
D) is rather pessimistic most of the time.

Question 14

Stacy is reevaluating her earlier career goals,spending more time with her husband after her adult children have left home,and taking stock of her life.She is most likely in

A) adolescence.
B) young adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) later adulthood.

Question 15

The baby boomers are a part of what life stage today?

A) Early adulthood
B) Middle adulthood
C) Later adulthood
D) Older adulthood

Question 16

Changes in appearance in middle age are due to all of the following EXCEPT

A) the layer of fat beneath the skin becomes thinner and skin becomes less taut.
B) less melanin causes hair to become gray and thinner.
C) shrinkage of intervertebral disks.
D) less vitamin and mineral content in diets.

Question 17

Loss of strength after age 45 is attributed to

A) severe health problems in middle age.
B) loss of muscle fiber.
C) loss of fat.
D) injuries for which the body is unable to compensate.

Question 18

There is no consensus on specific biological or social events that mark the beginning or the end of middle age.All of the following are considered in determining this period EXCEPT

A) the biological aspect, with subjective upper limits due to improved health.
B) the context of family and whether children are grown or still at home.
C) a person's marital status.
D) arbitrary assignment based on chronological age span from 40 to 65.

Question 19

Loss of endurance during middle adulthood results from a gradual decrease in the rate of

A) physical capacity.
B) basal metabolism.
C) stress-induced stamina.
D) reaction time.

Question 20

According to your text,the high-pitched flute solo from the symphony last night would be most difficult for whom to appreciate?

A) A 9-year-old boy
B) A 22-year-old woman
C) A 34-year-old man
D) A 52-year-old woman

Question 21

For females,the climacteric is a

A) period of three to five years during which a woman's body undergoes hormonal changes that bring on menopause.
B) time when a woman's body speeds up production of hormones.
C) term for female orgasm.
D) term for female desire to have more excitement in her life.

Question 22

Decreased sexual activity in middle age may be due to all of the following EXCEPT

A) men's fear of erectile dysfunction.
B) thickening of women's vaginal tissue.
C) too much food or alcohol.
D) monotony in the relationship.

Question 23

The people that would be considered high risk in an assessment of bone loss during middle age are those whose activities include any of the following EXCEPT

A) smoking.
B) lifting weights.
C) alcohol use.
D) poor dietary habits.

Question 24

Common contributors to erectile dysfunction include all of the following EXCEPT

A) diabetes.
B) heart disease.
C) overuse of the penis.
D) alcohol consumption.

Question 25

The most common symptom of menopause is

A) increasing unhappiness.
B) hot flashes.
C) constipation.
D) loss of respect.

Question 26

Shondra's menstrual periods have been irregular for the last several months.Sometimes there have been only two weeks between periods,and sometimes she will experience a 50-day cycle.She also now has less bleeding than when she was younger.According to the text,those changes are due to

A) the end of menopause.
B) a decrease in estrogen levels.
C) an increase in estrogen levels.
D) a decrease in vaginal thickness.

Question 27

Many women may find that the sexual experiences of middle age are improved because they

A) have increased worries about late-age pregnancy.
B) find themselves with less uninterrupted time to spend with a partner and use it more efficiently.
C) have increased knowledge of their own sexual needs and desires.
D) find their male partners' longer periods of arousal tedious.

Question 28

A significant decrease in sexual satisfaction in middle age may be due in part to

A) lack of knowledge about how to offset the drop in vaginal lubrication.
B) self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) increased libido.
D) making sex too high of a priority.

Question 29

During the early nineteenth century in Western cultures,the term climacteric came to mean

A) constipation.
B) period of life.
C) hot flash.
D) change of life.

Question 30

Treatment of menopausal symptoms includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) administration of artificial estrogen.
B) antidepressant drugs.
C) phytomedicines.
D) All of these

Question 31

Chronically high blood pressure is called

A) tension.
B) hypotension.
C) hypertension.
D) None of these

Question 32

According to your text,what are the symptoms associated with a drop in testosterone levels in males?

A) Hot flashes
B) More aggression
C) Increased libido
D) The symptoms are undetermined.

Question 33

In the United States today,most women who have gone through menopause view it

A) positively.
B) negatively.
C) medically.
D) None of these

Question 34

The drug Sildenafil (Viagra)is a form of

A) sex therapy.
B) psychotherapy.
C) hormone therapy.
D) All of these

Question 35

Which of the following do women experience during menopause?

A) A strong tendency toward mental illness
B) Cessation of sexual desire stemming from declining estrogen levels
C) Chronic and lasting depression
D) Hot flashes

Question 36

William is 47 years old and suffers from hypertension.What other health problem is William at risk for as a consequence of his hypertension?

A) Heart disease
B) Kidney disease
C) Diabetes
D) Rheumatism

Question 37

Which of the following is TRUE about menopause?

A) It is the cessation of ovulation and menstruation.
B) Menopause precedes the climacteric.
C) Menopause occurs in both men and women.
D) Most individuals complete menopause by age 40.

Question 38

Recent research would suggest that if Jake is 55 years old,his health in comparison to people in their 70s and 80s is

A) poorer.
B) about the same.
C) much better
D) likely to be significantly improved with much longer life expectancy.

Question 39

The leading cause of death between ages 45 and 64 is

A) heart disease.
B) cancer.
C) diabetes.
D) hypertension.

Question 40

Frequency of sexual activity and satisfaction with sex life tend to________ during the 40s and 50s.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain consistent
D) There is no clear evidence on this topic.

Question 41

The disorder caused by a decrease of estrogen production and characterized by thinning of bones and increased risk of fracture is called

A) presbyopia.
B) presbycusis.
C) osteoporosis.
D) osteoarthritis.

Question 42

Hormone replacement therapy is

A) advisable for all women past menopause.
B) sometimes prescribed for women on a short-term basis.
C) useful in the treatment of cancers of the breast and uterus.
D) so closely associated with health problems that it is not advised for any woman.

Question 43

Which of the following is associated with lower economic status and health?

A) Increased longevity
B) Reduction in chronic diseases
C) Poorer health
D) Psychological well-being

Question 44

Women who want to reduce the risk for breast cancer should do all of the following EXCEPT

A) moderately exercise.
B) eat low-fat foods.
C) have children later in life.
D) eat high-fiber foods.

Question 45

The largest underlying factor in African Americans' health problems is poverty,which is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A) poor nutrition.
B) substandard housing.
C) genetic variables.
D) access to health care.

Question 46

One of the most important things a person can do to increase life expectancy and improve quality of life is to

A) increase physical activity.
B) consume at least one alcoholic beverage per day.
C) have more doctor's visits.
D) limit movement to decrease falls and injuries.

Question 47

The U.S.Preventive Task Force recommends that women have mammography screenings

A) every year after age 25 for all women who have not been pregnant.
B) every year after age 35 to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
C) beginning at age 50 unless the person has high risk factors.
D) if they have a family history of breast cancer.

Question 48

The damage that occurs when coping abilities are inadequate to meet the demands is called

A) illness.
B) stress.
C) adrenaline loss.
D) a response fault.

Question 49

The following are recommended to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in women EXCEPT

A) engage in weight-bearing exercise.
B) avoid smoking.
C) eat foods high in calcium.
D) All of these

Question 50

Sarena has had a difficult time with both her family and the people at work and has experienced a considerable amount of stress.Her negative mood may have all of the following effects on her health EXCEPT

A) permanently impairing her immune system.
B) increasing her susceptibility to illness.
C) leading to aggressive behavior.
D) impairing her judgment about what can be done to improve her health.

Question 51

Which is NOT a recommendation mentioned in your text to help slow or reverse the effects of osteoporosis?

A) Proper nutrition
B) Avoidance of smoking
C) Avoidance of weight-bearing exercises
D) High-intensity strength training

Question 52

Suppose that you are a physician and a 59-year-old postmenopausal woman has come to you seeking hormone therapy to reduce her risk of heart disease.Which of the following statements regarding hormone therapy and heart disease would you tell this woman?

A) Recent studies have found hormone therapy to be ineffective in reducing the risk of heart disease.
B) Hormone therapy can increase the chance of developing osteoporosis.
C) Hormone therapy does not have much effect on symptoms of menopause.
D) Hormone therapy may cause excessive weight gain in some women.

Question 53

The indirect influence of a person's socioeconomic status affects all of the following EXCEPT

A) life expectancy.
B) activity limitations due to chronic illnesses.
C) higher feelings of well-being.
D) access to health care.

Question 54

Diabetes has shown ______ in the past decade.

A) a decrease
B) an increase
C) stability
D) a change in severity due to better health factors

Question 55

What are the potential effects on women who have undergone hormone therapy (HT)?

A) Prevention of bone loss
B) Reduction of hip and other bone fractures
C) Increase in heart attacks
D) All of these

Question 56

Hormone therapy may increase the risk of __________ in postmenopausal women.

A) hot flashes
B) heart disease
C) uterine cancer
D) increased sexual drive

Question 57

Phyllis has a family history of osteoporosis.Her doctors should recommend all of the following EXCEPT ____ to help slow or reverse potential bone loss.

A) diets low in animal proteins
B) an increase in resistance training
C) high intensity strength training
D) avoiding smoking

Question 58

In middle age,African Americans are more likely than white Americans to die of

A) strokes.
B) heart disease.
C) cancer.
D) All of these

Question 59

Janet is becoming stooped as she ages and has had several broken bones.She probably suffers from

A) presbycusis.
B) presbyopia.
C) osteoarthritis.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 60

Statistically,which of the following postmenopausal women would be most likely to develop osteoporosis?

A) Amy, who is black, of normal weight, and a nonsmoker
B) Betty, who is white, thin, and a smoker
C) Claudia, who works out in a gym every day and loves yogurt
D) All of these

Question 61

Cognitively speaking,__________ are in their prime.

A) adolescents
B) young adults
C) middle-aged adults
D) older adults

Question 62

Cattell and Horn called the ability to solve new and unusual problems __________ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) practical
D) integrative

Question 63

According to the longitudinal study by Schaie,which test of primary mental ability actually showed increases into old age?

A) Word meaning
B) Word fluency
C) Perceptual speed
D) Spatial orientation

Question 64

Lawrence has worked in his career field for 20 years.One benefit of his experience over younger employees lies in

A) his expertise.
B) his knowledge of new technology.
C) his higher salary.
D) his emotional intelligence.

Question 65

The greatest work-related stressor is

A) self-esteem.
B) relationships with coworkers.
C) control of their lives.
D) job loss.

Question 66

People with positive emotional outlooks are likely to engage in more healthy practices,including

A) regular sleep.
B) regular exercise.
C) optimism.
D) All of these

Question 67

Whether or not an event causes stress may depend on

A) whether the event is seen as positive or negative.
B) the reaction it produces.
C) society's messages about the event.
D) the location of the event.

Question 68

According to your text,specialized knowledge is a form of

A) fluid intelligence.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) naturalistic intelligence.
D) practical intelligence.

Question 69

Which of the following was NOT one of the tests of primary mental abilities given to subjects who participated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study?

A) Verbal meaning
B) Word fluency
C) Reading comprehension
D) Inductive reasoning

Question 70

What is the relationship between emotions and health?

A) Emotions are not affected by a person's physical health.
B) Positive emotions are associated with better longevity.
C) Negative emotions are healthy because they are expressed more intensely.
D) Higher levels of positive emotions make individuals more susceptible to viruses.

Question 71

During middle adulthood,crystallized intelligence tends to __________,and fluid intelligence tends to __________.

A) increase; decrease
B) decrease; remain the same
C) increase; increase
D) stay the same; increase

Question 72

Doug was given a test that consisted of questions of vocabulary,general information,and responses to social situations.The researcher was assessing Doug's _____ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) emotional
D) spatial

Question 73

Ruby can remember a great deal of information and has a large vocabulary.According to Cattell and Horn,Ruby has high __________ intelligence.

A) crystallized
B) practical
C) acquisitive
D) fluid

Question 74

Shawn is good at perceiving relationships and forming concepts.When confronted with a new problem,he can usually solve it.According to Cattell and Horn,Shawn has high __________ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) practical
D) integrative

Question 75

According to the text,feelings and beliefs affect our bodily functions.Which of the following is impacted?

A) Immune system
B) Neurological system
C) Physiological system
D) Cognitive system

Question 76

Cattell and Horn called the ability to remember and use stored information __________ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) practical
D) integrative

Question 77

According to the text,stressful events are LESS LIKELY to lead to illness when the stressful event is

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) beyond the control of the person experiencing it.
D) able to be controlled by the person experiencing it.

Question 78

The prediction of cognitive impairment in old age can be determined in midlife in the following ways EXCEPT

A) decline in verbal fluency.
B) decline in memory recall.
C) executive functioning.
D) decline in vocabulary.

Question 79

Most participants in the Seattle Longitudinal Study of Adult Intelligence showed no significant reduction in most mental abilities until after the age of

A) 50.
B) 55.
C) 60.
D) 65.

Question 80

According to your text,people who chew gum are

A) vulgar.
B) less stressed.
C) rude.
D) trying to quit smoking.