Deck 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Question 1

The World Health Organization has called ______________ a worldwide epidemic.

A) gallstones
B) diabetes
C) heart disease
D) obesity

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is true?

A) It increases cardiovascular risks.
B) It has been linked to anemia.
C) Its level seems to be genetically determined and thus difficult to control by diet.
D) It is not related to fat consumption.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Brent can vote and enter into binding contracts.Brent would be considered an adult

A) sexually.
B) cognitively.
C) psychologically.
D) legally.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Generalizing from research,which statement best exemplifies the relationship between exercise and fitness?

A) The group that exercised at least two hours per day was significantly healthier.
B) The least fit were twice as likely as the most fit to die within two years.
C) A combination of diet and moderate exercise for 12 months produced fitness.
D) Exercise is unrelated to cardiovascular disease.

Question 5

As a group,which of the following is healthiest?

A) Children
B) Adolescents
C) Young adults
D) Older adults

Question 6

All of the following lifestyle factors are strongly linked to health and fitness EXCEPT

A) nutrition and obesity.
B) physical activity.
C) substance use and abuse.
D) fashion and literature choices.

Question 7

The peak of muscular strength occurs during the middle

A) teens.
B) 20s.
C) 30s.
D) 40s.

Question 8

Psychological maturity depends on which of the following?

A) Discovering one's identity
B) Becoming independent of one's parents
C) Developing a system of values
D) All of these

Question 9

Which of the following reasons was NOT mentioned in your text as an explanation for the "obesity epidemic"?

A) Availability of fast foods
B) High-fat diets
C) Participation in sports programs
D) Labor-saving technologies

Question 10

By young adulthood,American youth have already begun poor practices that lead to preventable death.These include all of the following EXCEPT

A) alcohol abuse.
B) obesity.
C) walking
D) smoking.

Question 11

A time when young people are no longer adolescents but have not yet become fully adult is called

A) later adulthood.
B) later childhood.
C) emerging adulthood.
D) early adulthood.

Question 12

Kyle has moved out on his own and is currently living independently.By which aspect of defining adulthood would Kyle be viewed as an adult?

A) Cognitive
B) Legal
C) Sociological
D) Psychological

Question 13

Of the following,which is NOT a criterion most people use when defining adulthood?

A) Accepting responsibility for oneself
B) Getting married or cohabitating
C) Making independent decisions
D) Becoming financially independent

Question 14

Regular physical activity provides a number of benefits,including

A) decreased muscle mass.
B) improved cardiovascular fitness.
C) increased anxiety and stress.
D) early onset of osteoporosis.

Question 15

Ginny wishes to take steps to maximize her health in young adulthood.She should do all of the following EXCEPT

A) eat breakfast.
B) exercise moderately.
C) eat snacks regularly to keep from overeating at mealtimes.
D) drink moderately or not at all.

Question 16

Compared to other age groups,emerging and young adults have the highest rates of

A) health insurance.
B) exercise.
C) poverty.
D) nutritional balance.

Question 17

The leading cause of death among young adults is

A) accidents.
B) suicide.
C) heart disease.
D) homicide.

Question 18

Which of the following is associated with an increased rate of heart disease?

A) Weight gain
B) Moderate alcohol consumption
C) A low LDL cholesterol level in the blood
D) High-carbohydrate diet

Question 19

Karen went to the doctor because she was experiencing impaired verbal learning,some memory problems,speech articulation problems,and increased distractibility.The doctor suggested methods to improve sleep hygiene to improve her functioning.The doctor believes Karen suffers from

A) early senile dementia.
B) Alzheimer disease.
C) sleep deprivation.
D) heart disease.

Question 20

The most common source of activity limitation in early adulthood is

A) cancer.
B) arthritis.
C) homicide.
D) heart disease.

Question 21

Smoking tobacco is related to all of the following health problems EXCEPT

A) cervical cancer.
B) lung cancer.
C) Alzheimer disease.
D) heart disease.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about alcoholism is TRUE?

A) The heritability of alcoholism is 50% to 60%.
B) Alcoholics can stop or cut down their drinking if they exercise willpower.
C) Fifty percent of alcoholics recognize that they have a problem.
D) Alcoholism has a high cure rate when treated by a combination of medication, education, and psychotherapy.

Question 23

Adequate sleep improves the learning of ______ motor skills.

A) complex
B) fine
C) gross
D) None of these

Question 24

To reduce their risks of hypertension and heart disease,a person should reduce what kind of food?

A) Meat
B) Fruits
C) Vegetables
D) Brown rice

Question 25

If one combines the categories of obesity and being overweight,what percentage of the U.S.population would meet the criteria?

A) 20%
B) 38%
C) 52%
D) 68%

Question 26

An active engagement in a broad range of social relationships,activities,and roles is called

A) social integration.
B) social networking.
C) social support.
D) social obligations.

Question 27

Risks of heavy use of alcohol include

A) liver damage and other gastrointestinal disorders.
B) stroke and damage to the nervous system.
C) death from automobile accidents and other violent causes.
D) All of these

Question 28

Despite the risks of smoking,______ of men and _______ of women over 18 in the United States are current smokers.

A) 43%; 31%
B) 26%; 21%
C) 53%; 48%
D) 9%; 13%

Question 29

Stan is taking classes at the local college,plays intramural football,and is an active member of his fraternity.According to your text,Stan is engaging in

A) social integration.
B) social blending.
C) social supporting.
D) All of these

Question 30

Research suggests that moderate drinking may have health benefits for many people,but others who drink alcohol develop alcoholism,which

A) is usually only a minor inconvenience to the individual and his or her family.
B) is associated with long-lasting changes in neural-signal transmission patterns.
C) is not seen as a disease.
D) is defined as being drunk every day, or at least six out of every seven days.

Question 31

What factor puts African Americans at a higher risk for health problems associated with smoking than other ethnicities?

A) African Americans tend to smoke more often than other ethnicities.
B) Most African Americans are allergic to smoke.
C) African Americans metabolize more nicotine in their blood than other ethnicities.
D) Most African Americans smoke before and after dinner.

Question 32

Current treatment for alcoholism includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) medication/hospitalization.
B) detoxification.
C) focus on developing willpower.
D) individual and group therapy.

Question 33

All of the following EXCEPT _________ are demographic features that are related to better physical health.

A) higher SES
B) education
C) social integration
D) lower socioeconomic status

Question 34

Studies show that people who give up smoking reduce all of the following risks EXCEPT

A) heart disease.
B) stroke.
C) cancer.
D) depression.

Question 35

Brad is a college freshman and has three finals scheduled on the same day,which is causing him high levels of stress.How is Brad likely to cope with his stress?

A) Problem-focused coping
B) Emotion-focused coping
C) Avoidance-focused coping
D) All of these

Question 36

A risky drinker is a person who consumes how much alcohol?

A) More than 14 drinks per week
B) More than four drinks per day for males
C) More than three drinks per day for females
D) All of these are characteristics of risky drinking.

Question 37

Sleep deprivation may lead to ______ aging.

A) longitudinal
B) premature
C) decreased
D) mature

Question 38

Cindy is a college-aged female.When confronted by stress,Cindy is most likely to engage in

A) problem-focused coping.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) relational-focused coping.
D) avoidance-focused coping.

Question 39

The textbook reports that the prime time and place for drinking to occur is

A) high school.
B) college.
C) adolescence.
D) middle adulthood.

Question 40

The most popular illicit drug used among young adults is

A) marijuana.
B) prescription medications.
C) methamphetamine.
D) crack cocaine.

Question 41

One of the benefits of being married is

A) compromised physical and psychological health.
B) more disabilities or chronic conditions.
C) more opportunities to resolve conflict.
D) living longer.

Question 42

The association between SES,race,and health has been reported in the literature.Which statement about this association is supported below?

A) White Americans are more likely to die from smoking than African Americans.
B) Young black adults are more likely to have high blood pressure than are young white adults.
C) There are no differences between more affluent people and low-income people in their diets.
D) People with lower SES have greater physical work and usually have less obesity.

Question 43

Important aspects of social environments may promote health.One of these identified in the text is

A) social integration.
B) peer involvement.
C) church activities.
D) social consensus.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the relationship between educational level and health is NOT true?

A) The less schooling people have, the greater the likelihood of heart disease or other chronic disease.
B) Higher educational level is predictive of better health regardless of age, sex, or race.
C) Higher educational level is predictive of lower rates of smoking.
D) Better education causes good health.

Question 45

Cecilia is experiencing painful cramps associated with her menstrual cycle.Cecilia is experiencing

A) dysmenorrhea.
B) myopia.
C) infertility.
D) menorrhea.

Question 46

During adolescence and emerging adulthood,the incidence of depression

A) remains the same.
B) increases sharply.
C) increases slightly.
D) decreases.

Question 47

A heightened sense of well-being and less stress are experienced by individuals who

A) are experiencing young adulthood.
B) come from large families.
C) have good medical insurance.
D) maintain healthy social relationships.

Question 48

In regards to sexual orientation,which of the following is TRUE?

A) Females reveal their homosexuality before males.
B) Males reveal their homosexuality before females.
C) Both males and females reveal their homosexuality at about the same time.
D) Most males and females reveal their homosexuality in middle adulthood.

Question 49

Bob can drink more alcohol than anyone else in the college dorm.He and his friends are impressed by his ability to drink,but as a developmentalist,you know that Bob is

A) less likely to become a risky drinker than the person who gets drunk.
B) likely to realize that he has a drinking problem and seek rehab.
C) developing a tolerance for alcohol.
D) likely to stop drinking due to the small effect it has.

Question 50

Active engagement in a broad range of social relationships,activities,and roles is called

A) social integration.
B) social support.
C) public integration.
D) marital satisfaction.

Question 51

According to your text,which of the following individuals is MOST likely to suffer from a depressive episode?

A) Kayla, a female aged 12
B) Jon, a male aged 16
C) Harriet, a female aged 21
D) Tommy, a male aged 23

Question 52

Generalizing from the text,which of the following young adults is most likely to suffer from high blood pressure?

A) Asian female
B) White male
C) Asian male
D) African-American male

Question 53

According to a nationally representative survey,______ of adults have had premarital sex by age 20.

A) 95%
B) 75%
C) 65%
D) 50%

Question 54

According to your text,what percentage of adults have had premarital sex by age 20?

A) 5%
B) 39%
C) 75%
D) 88%

Question 55

In the United States,HIV has been most prevalent among

A) lesbian and heterosexual women.
B) heterosexual men and IV drug users.
C) homosexual men and IV drug users.
D) bisexual women and prostitutes.

Question 56

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)is

A) an emotional disorder with no physical symptoms.
B) experienced before the menstrual period and then declines.
C) another term for dysmenorrhea, or menstrual cramps.
D) of emotional origin without any other biological explanation.

Question 57

Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for

A) painful menstruation.
B) premenstrual syndrome.
C) puberty in females.
D) a digestive system failure.

Question 58

Which statement about the sexuality of emerging adults is NOT true?

A) Emerging adults tend to have more sexual partners than older age groups.
B) Condoms are the most used contraceptive.
C) The double standard no longer exists with regard to sexual freedom for men and women.
D) Casual sex is fairly common, especially on college campuses.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about health among racial and ethnic groups in young adulthood is TRUE?

A) African Americans are more likely to die than white people of the same age.
B) Young black adults are 20 times more likely to have high blood pressure than young white adults.
C) Homicide is a leading cause of death for young African-American men.
D) All of these

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT significantly affected by the menstrual cycle?

A) Memory
B) Sight
C) Weight
D) Anxiety

Question 61

While Sue's classmates are debating whether the new government is producing positive or negative changes,Sue understands both viewpoints and sees the pros and cons on both sides.Sue is demonstrating

A) deductive reasoning.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) post-formal thought.
D) tacit-knowledge.

Question 62

According to Schaie,an individual in the reorganizing stage is capable of

A) acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
B) using knowledge to pursue goals.
C) solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
D) reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

Question 63

Painful menstruation is called

A) dissociation.
B) dementia.
C) dysmenorrhea.
D) None of these

Question 64

Active,persistent,and careful consideration of information or beliefs in the light of evidence that supports them and the conclusions to which they lead is called

A) reflective thinking.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) inductive reasoning.
D) crucial thinking.

Question 65

One criterion of post-formal thought proposed by Sinnott is

A) the need to think in the abstract at all times.
B) the awareness that problems have more than one solution.
C) reliance on others to judge one's logic and provide strategies.
D) denying that a problem or solution may involve a conflict.

Question 66

Exposed to marital conflict,it would be expected that young adults with formal thought processes would

A) attribute behavior to the interplay between persons and environment.
B) blame individuals involved.
C) blame the environmental context.
D) accept total personal responsibility.

Question 67

Julio's professor is very impressed with how Julio manages to integrate multiple ideas and concepts into a consolidated concept which is both more complex and simple at the same time.According to Dewey,Julio would be considered a

A) genius.
B) reflective thinker.
C) arrogant.
D) precocious.

Question 68

Which of the following statements about infertility in women and men is TRUE?

A) Women's fertility begins to decline in the late 20s.
B) Obesity is not related to fertility for males or females.
C) Male infertility is less frequent than female infertility.
D) The least common cause of infertility in women is the blockage of the fallopian tubes.

Question 69

The most common cause of female infertility is

A) the production of abnormal ova.
B) blockage of the fallopian tubes.
C) residue from taking "the pill."
D) mucus in the cervix that prevents sperm from penetrating the ova.

Question 70

The field of human development often contains inconsistencies with opposing theories that both support and contradict one another.An individual possessing the capacity for _____ thought is able to handle and thrive in this field.

A) logical
B) formal
C) post-formal
D) concrete

Question 71

According to Schaie,an individual in the acquisitive stage is capable of

A) acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
B) using knowledge to pursue goals.
C) solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
D) reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

Question 72

The most common cause of male infertility is

A) incompatibility with partner.
B) too few sperm.
C) effects of excessive birth control.
D) differences in sexual behavior.

Question 73

According to Schaie,an individual in the achieving stage is capable of

A) acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
B) using knowledge to pursue goals.
C) solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
D) reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

Question 74

Geoff is in college to get skills to become a nurse.According to Schaie,he is at what stage?

A) Legacy-creating stage
B) Acquisitive stage
C) Responsible stage
D) Reorganizational stage

Question 75

Which of the following patterns of thinking is associated with post-formal thought?

A) Ability to think both practically and abstractly
B) Believing that problems have only one possible solution
C) Reliance on formal logic rather than on intuition
D) Delaying the choice of personal beliefs until one is certain about them

Question 76

According to Schaie,an individual in the responsible stage is capable of

A) acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
B) using knowledge to pursue goals.
C) solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
D) reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

Question 77

One major difference between Piaget's cognitive development model and Schaie's model of cognitive development is

A) Piaget focused on the entire life span, while Schaie concentrated only on childhood and adolescence.
B) Schaie ignored childhood completely and Piaget focused only on childhood.
C) Schaie's models address cognitive development across the life span, while Piaget ended at adolescence.
D) Piaget's model ignored the first five years of cognitive development, while Schaie's model did not.

Question 78

Some investigators have proposed a distinctly adult stage of cognition beyond Piaget's formal operations called ______ thought.

A) mature
B) post-formal
C) pragmatic
D) abstract

Question 79

Which of the following has NOT been found to minimize the effects of the premenstrual syndrome for young adult women?

A) Aerobic exercise
B) Vitamin E supplement
C) Increasing caffeine
D) Eating frequent small meals

Question 80

A complex form of cognition defined by John Dewey,based on active,persistent,and careful considerations,is called ______ thinking.

A) cognitive
B) deflective
C) reflective
D) None of these