Deck 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

Generalizing from the text,which of the following children would have the greatest chance of being obese?

A) A girl from China
B) A Mexican-American boy
C) A white female child
D) A white male child

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Concern with body image becomes important early in middle childhood.
B) Girls are more concerned with body image than are boys.
C) Children are likely to be overweight if they have overweight parents.
D) All of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

With regard to physical growth during middle childhood,

A) boys gain more weight each year than girls.
B) girls gain more weight each year than boys.
C) both boys and girls gain about the same amount of weight each year.
D) boys and girls gain about the same until the prepubescent growth spurt.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An important maturational change seen in the brain of school-age children in certain regions of the cerebral cortex is

A) less density of gray matter.
B) increased density of gray matter.
C) no change in density of gray matter.
D) decrease in white matter.

Question 5

Dave is a very overweight child.Which of the following is TRUE about Dave?

A) He probably watches more television than other children.
B) He is likely to outgrow his obesity.
C) He is not likely to be helped by treatment.
D) He is probably very involved in organized sports.

Question 6

Losses in the density of gray matter for developing children result in

A) decreased intelligence scores.
B) increased impulsivity.
C) increased attentional capabilities.
D) decreased muscle coordination.

Question 7

Adrianne,a middle schooler,is very concerned with how she looks.According to your text,Adrianne may be at risk for developing

A) schizophrenia.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) alcoholism.
D) substance abuse.

Question 8

In children of average intelligence,the prefrontal cortex is relatively thick at age 7,and then

A) peaks in thickness by age 12 for all children regardless of intelligence.
B) peaks in thickness at about age 8 for typical children but peaks at 11 to 12 years for highly intelligent children.
C) remains the same over the middle childhood period, as it was when the child was younger.
D) gradually increases in thickness as brain connections are increased.

Question 9

According to the text,rates of physical growth during middle childhood are

A) fastest for children from South America and Southeast Asia.
B) extremely variable across geographic regions and ethnic groups.
C) not influenced by environmental factors.
D) quite similar in children throughout the world regardless of ethnicity or nutritional status.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Girls around the world participate in rough-and-tumble play more than boys.
B) Rough-and-tumble play peaks in early childhood.
C) Rough-and-tumble play is unique to children in the United States.
D) Rough-and-tumble play peaks in middle childhood.

Question 11

In terms of motor development during middle childhood,which gender is superior in movement accuracy?

A) Boys
B) Girls
C) Neither
D) None of these

Question 12

The outcomes of the changes in diet and exercise for many American children is that

A) they are at greater risk for diabetes.
B) they usually have a better body image and self-esteem.
C) the rate of overweight and obesity has decreased over the past few generations.
D) children have lowered risks for depression.

Question 13

Tommy and Raul are rolling around on the ground in what looks like a wrestling match,but both boys are laughing and having fun.The boys are engaged in

A) solitary play.
B) parallel play.
C) rough-and-tumble play.
D) competitive play.

Question 14

What are some contributors to children being overweight?

A) Eating out more often with increased calorie consumption
B) Increased time in front of the television and computer
C) Less activity and less engagement in sports and physical play
D) All of these

Question 15

Rough-and-tumble play peaks in

A) early childhood.
B) middle childhood.
C) early adolescence.
D) late adolescence.

Question 16

Generalizing from the text,which of the following children would probably be the tallest during middle childhood?

A) A middle-class African-American child
B) A middle-class white child
C) An Ethiopian child
D) A Cambodian child

Question 17

During middle childhood,children need approximately how many calories a day?

A) 1,000
B) 1,500
C) 2,400
D) 3,200

Question 18

Compared with early childhood,during middle childhood,sleep needs

A) increase.
B) decline.
C) stay the same.
D) None of these

Question 19

Ron is 10 years old.We can expect that the speed and efficiency of his brain processes will

A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) not change.
D) not filter out irrelevant information.

Question 20

What is TRUE about organized sports and activities?

A) Nearly all children participate in organized sports during middle childhood.
B) Girls tend to spend more time in organized sports than boys do.
C) Organized sports appear to have greater risks than benefits for children.
D) More children participate in unorganized activities than in organized sports.

Question 21

Asthma is considered to be a(n)

A) chronic medical condition.
B) acute medical condition.
C) serious medical condition.
D) curable medical condition.

Question 22

A child is told that Bob is older than Sally,and Sally is older than Fred.When asked,"Who is older,Bob or Fred?" the child replies,"Bob." This child is demonstrating __________ ability.

A) class inclusion
B) divergent thinking
C) transitive inference
D) mnemonic

Question 23

A child who can think logically about the "here and now" but not abstractly is in which of Piaget's stages?

A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete operational
D) Formal operational

Question 24

According to Piaget,children enter which stage at about the age of 7?

A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete operational
D) Formal operational

Question 25

During middle childhood,__________ medical conditions are common and __________ medical conditions are rare.

A) acute; chronic
B) gastrointestinal; upper respiratory
C) noninfectious; infectious
D) chronic; debilitative

Question 26

The ability to arrange objects according to some dimension,such as largest to smallest,is called

A) class inclusion.
B) seriation.
C) transmitting.
D) horizontal decalage.

Question 27

Because of danger associated with their use,which of the following does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that parents never buy for their children or allow their children to use?

A) Bicycles
B) Trampolines
C) Motor scooters
D) Skateboards

Question 28

Elsa,now in Piaget's concrete operational stage,can answer all of the following questions EXCEPT

A) "What is 9 times 10?"
B) "What is the capital of your home state?"
C) "What would happen if the sun exploded?"
D) "What is your address?"

Question 29

What is the leading cause of death in middle childhood?

A) Injury by accident
B) Cancer
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Upper respiratory problems

Question 30

Which of the following statements about illness in middle childhood is TRUE?

A) It is common for a child to have 10 or more respiratory infections in a year.
B) Vaccination rates are lower during middle childhood than during early childhood.
C) The death rate during middle childhood is the lowest in the life span.
D) Children today have more illnesses than children early in this century.

Question 31

Which child is at greatest risk for asthma?

A) White male
B) Black male
C) White female
D) Black female

Question 32

Children who have higher BMIs,hypertension,and glucose intolerance have

A) an increased life expectancy.
B) a life expectancy of 2 to 5 years less than their peers.
C) a life expectancy that is decreased by over 25%.
D) no greater risk factors than other children but should lose weight.

Question 33

Children in Piaget's concrete operational stage show increased skill in all of the following areas EXCEPT

A) space and causality.
B) hypothetical thinking.
C) inductive reasoning.
D) categorization.

Question 34

A disease that was typically found in overweight older adults in the past but is now being diagnosed at an alarming rate in childhood is

A) Type 1 diabetes.
B) Type 2 diabetes.
C) asthma.
D) low blood pressure.

Question 35

Krista suffers from asthma that frequently keeps her out of school and limits her participation in physical activities.Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor?

A) Indoor environmental toxins inside Krista's school building
B) Tobacco smoke at home
C) Being a victim of bullying
D) All of these are risk factors.

Question 36

Florence is in bed with the flu.Florence has

A) an acute medical condition.
B) a chronic medical condition.
C) asthma.
D) diabetes.

Question 37

The most prevalent chronic illness in childhood is

A) cancer.
B) asthma.
C) AIDS.
D) vision problems.

Question 38

According to research presented in your text,the influence of Barbie dolls on girls' own body images was most striking at ages

A) 3-4.
B) 5 ½ to 6 ½.
C) 6 ½ to 7 ½.
D) 8-9.

Question 39

Bart is 10 years of age and is about 40 pounds above his ideal body weight.He is more likely to

A) feel good about himself and have a good relationship with peers.
B) be at a lowered risk of depression.
C) have higher blood pressure and cholesterol.
D) be highly involved in baseball and football.

Question 40

The severity of approximately 88% of bicycling injuries can be reduced dramatically by

A) riding only on the street.
B) using helmets.
C) using a light while riding at night.
D) riding a bicycle with smaller tires.

Question 41

Repetition of information to be held in memory is called

A) organization.
B) elaboration.
C) rehearsal.
D) encoding.

Question 42

Susan is given a list of names of students from her school to remember.To help remember them,Susan arranges the names according to whether they are in the first,second,or third grade,and according to gender.Susan is using the technique of __________ to aid her memory.

A) rehearsal
B) elaboration
C) organization
D) reencoding

Question 43

Caleb,age 6,sees his older brother playing with a ball in the house and watches as the ball breaks a picture on the table.He also sees his older sister dusting some of the pictures and watches as she drops two of them,also breaking the pictures.According to Piaget,if Caleb's mom walked in and asked Caleb who should be in more trouble,who would Caleb choose?

A) His brother
B) His sister
C) Neither
D) Both

Question 44

Memory aids are one kind of

A) encoding device.
B) mnemonic strategy.
C) metamemory.
D) mental prop.

Question 45

Which memory strategy links items together in a story or scene?

A) Organization
B) Elaboration
C) Rehearsal
D) Retrieval

Question 46

Piaget concluded that moral reasoning develops in three stages,which include all of the following EXCEPT

A) obedience to authority.
B) mutual respect.
C) moral intent.
D) equity.

Question 47

Bob is shorter than Mary.Mary is shorter than Lisa.Which cognitive ability would Piaget say is required to understand that Bob is shorter than Lisa?

A) Conservation
B) Transitive inference
C) Seriation
D) Inductive reasoning

Question 48

Brent's history teacher has asked him to make a timeline for important events that occurred during the Civil War.According to Piaget,what cognitive ability will Brent need to complete this project?

A) Conservation
B) Transitive inference
C) Seriation
D) Inductive reasoning

Question 49

Brian is shown a picture with two cows and four horses in it.When he is asked if there are more horses or animals in the picture,Brian replies that there are more animals.Brian is demonstrating the classification ability of

A) class consciousness.
B) demarcation.
C) seriation.
D) class inclusion.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) School-age children may not be advancing through Piaget's stages as rapidly as their parents did.
B) Conservation abilities of children are not dependent on familiarity with materials.
C) Neurological influences are not as important for children's adaptation to their environment.
D) Children are not getting enough drilling on the three R's.

Question 51

According to Piaget,when judging the moral actions of a person,children younger than 7 years old tend to focus only on the ____ of the offense,while older children consider _____.

A) degree; intent
B) desire; outcome
C) intent; severity
D) punishment; reward

Question 52

Freddie is trying to learn the names of the first five presidents of the United States.To help him,his mother makes up a story using the five names in it,and then teaches the story to Freddie.Freddie's mother is using the mnemonic device of

A) elaboration.
B) confabulation.
C) organization.
D) reiteration.

Question 53

Although his classmates are talking behind him,Roberto is able to focus on what his teacher is saying.Roberto is exhibiting

A) divided attention.
B) selective attention.
C) meditative skills.
D) seriation.

Question 54

Mrs.Peacock shows Jillian ten pictures.Eight of the pictures are of blue jays,the other two pictures are of cardinals.Mrs.Peacock then asks Jillian if there are more blue jays or more birds.Which cognitive ability would Piaget say is required for Jillian to answer correctly?

A) Class inclusion
B) Transitive inference
C) Seriation
D) Inductive reasoning

Question 55

The following abilities of school-age children are true EXCEPT

A) by 6 or 7, many children can count in their heads.
B) the ability to add numbers appears before subtraction.
C) the ability to estimate does not change significantly during middle childhood.
D) children become more adept with age at solving story problems.

Question 56

The most common mnemonic strategy aiding both children and adults is the use of

A) external memory aids.
B) rehearsal.
C) organization.
D) elaboration.

Question 57

Billy's mother has sent him to the store to buy eggs,bread,and milk.To remember these items,Billy repeats their names.He is using __________ to help remember the items.

A) rehearsal
B) redundancy
C) iteration
D) elaboration

Question 58

The use of estimation in solving math problems appears to ______ during middle childhood.

A) improve
B) decline
C) disappear
D) not function

Question 59

Jimmy is trying to learn his phone number and address.He tells his father,"Maybe if I say it to myself a hundred times,I will be able to remember it." Jimmy is demonstrating that he is beginning to appreciate

A) working memory.
B) metamemory.
C) meta-analysis.
D) elaboration.

Question 60

Lionel's ability to wait until after dinner to ask for a cookie,instead of just grabbing one the minute they were ready,is an example of his improved

A) executive functioning.
B) diet.
C) physical development.
D) conservation skills.

Question 61

The saying "In 1492,Columbus sailed the ocean blue" is an example of

A) elaboration.
B) rehearsal.
C) mnemonic.
D) metamemory.

Question 62

According to Gardner,Carolina,an aspiring gymnast,will rely most heavily on which type of intelligence while on the balance beam?

A) Musical
B) Bodily-kinesthetic
C) Interpersonal
D) Naturalist

Question 63

Intelligence tests used in middle childhood are

A) good predictors of achievement in school, especially for verbal children.
B) indicators of learning disabilities.
C) very accurate.
D) not as accurate as IQ tests for younger children.

Question 64

The most widely used individually administered IQ test is the

A) Otis-Lennon School Ability Test.
B) Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC).
C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
D) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III).

Question 65

Tests that attempt to deal with experiences common to all persons who take them are called culture

A) free.
B) fair.
C) general.
D) common.

Question 66

Improvements in information processing may help explain how children find their way to and from school because they demonstrate the following abilities EXCEPT

A) they can scan their environment.
B) they can take in important features.
C) they can reason abstractly.
D) they can remember objects in context.

Question 67

According to Gardner,Monette,who is a salesperson for a prominent retail store,will rely most heavily on which type of intelligence at her job?

A) Musical
B) Bodily-kinesthetic
C) Interpersonal
D) Naturalist

Question 68

Tests that include knowledge or skills more familiar and meaningful to some culture groups and not others are considered culture

A) biased.
B) fair.
C) general.
D) common.

Question 69

An argument that supports the limited predictive power of intelligence testing is that

A) tests are unfair to minorities.
B) Hispanic children fall below white children and tests don't predict this group's achievement.
C) Asian Americans have high achievement but not significantly higher IQ scores.
D) tests don't measure those who have exceptional motor abilities.

Question 70

Which statement about IQ tests is FALSE?

A) They are excellent predictors of school performance.
B) They equate intelligence with speed and penalize a child who is slow.
C) They are unfair to children who are poor test takers.
D) They measure what has been learned in school and culture and not innate ability.

Question 71

Dr.Gray is administering a test to a single second-grade child.There are items testing vocabulary and items testing the child's ability to reproduce patterns with blocks.Dr.Gray is likely administering the

A) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III).
B) Scholastic Aptitude Test for Children.
C) Otis-Lennon School Ability Test.
D) General Aptitude Test for Children.

Question 72

The rules by which words are organized into phrases and sentences are called

A) syntax.
B) code switching.
C) transitive constructions.
D) mnemonics.

Question 73

Justin's ability to control the intrusion of other thoughts while he is trying to focus on the material at hand is growing.According to research,this development is believed to be due to

A) the development of mnemonics.
B) neurological maturation.
C) organization.
D) reiteration.

Question 74

Howard Gardner recently added an eighth type of intelligence,__________,to his original list of seven.

A) musical
B) naturalist
C) interpersonal
D) bodily-kinesthetic

Question 75

IQ tests focus almost entirely on abilities that are useful at

A) home.
B) school.
C) work.
D) play.

Question 76

Which of the following elements is NOT included by Robert Sternberg in his triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) Componential
B) Experiential
C) Contextual
D) Conceptual

Question 77

Miguel,a local fisherman in Costa Rica,uses signs from nearby birds to help him find the best fishing spots each day.According to Sternberg,Miguel is using

A) componential intelligence.
B) experiential intelligence.
C) contextual intelligence.
D) naturalist intelligence.

Question 78

A relatively new individual intelligence test,based on neurological research and information-processing theory,is the

A) Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test.
B) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
C) Otis-Lennon School Ability Test.
D) Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children.

Question 79

___________ defines successful intelligence as the skills and knowledge needed for success within a particular social and cultural context.

A) Howard Gardner
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Jean Piaget
D) David Elkind

Question 80

Howard Gardner believes people have __________ relatively independent kinds of intelligence,and that traditional IQ tests measure __________ of them.

A) 3; 2
B) 15; 7
C) 5; 1
D) 8; 3