Deck 6: Integumentary System

Question 1

The subcutaneous layer is

A) made of squamous epithelium.
B) part of the basement membrane.
C) between the epidermis and the dermis.
D) not part of the skin.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

A) The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis.
B) The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
C) The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.
D) The dermis contains smooth muscle and nervous tissue.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,

A) they divide continually.
B) their supply of nutrients improves.
C) they die.
D) they become dermal cells.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

A) collagen.
B) carotene.
C) cyanin.
D) melanin.

Question 5

Skin cells play an important role in producing

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B.
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D.

Question 6

Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called

A) subcutaneous.
B) intradermal.
C) intramuscular.
D) hypodermic.

Question 7

In the inherited disease ichythyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as skin normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the

A) epidermis.
B) basement membrane.
C) dermis.
D) subcutaneous layer.

Question 8

Epidermis is ________________, whereas dermis is ________________.

A) the innermost layer of the skin; under the epidermis
B) largely composed of dense connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
C) the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
D) composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes

Question 9

The dermis is composed largely of

A) stratified columnar epithelium.
B) dense regular connective tissue.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) dense irregular connective tissue.

Question 10

What determines the color of skin?

A) The number of melanocytes in the epidermis.
B) The thickness of the epidermis.
C) The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce.
D) The density of hair.

Question 11

The subcutaneous layer consists of

A) epithelial tissue.
B) areolar and adipose tissue.
C) epithelial tissue and areolar tissue.
D) adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.

Question 12

The functions of skin include

A) acting as a protective covering.
B) housing sensory receptors.
C) regulating body temperature.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

The melanocytes in very dark skin

A) are more abundant than they are in light skin.
B) contain single, large, pigment granules.
C) lack pigment but shrivel up and turn black.
D) contain many small pigment granules.

Question 14

Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

A) melanin.
B) carotene.
C) hemoglobin.
D) cyanin.

Question 15

The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum granulosum.
C) stratum spinosum.
D) stratum basale.

Question 16

An organ consists of

A) skin and bones.
B) two or more tissues grouped together that function together.
C) at least four tissues grouped together that function together.
D) one variety of each of the four tissue types.

Question 17

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

A) hair, melanocytes, and pores.
B) bone, tendons, and muscles.
C) fingernails and toenails.
D) muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.

Question 18

The human integumentary system includes

A) skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
B) the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
C) bones and muscles.
D) only one type of tissue.

Question 19

Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients.

A) epidermis
B) dermis
C) stratum basale
D) hair follicle

Question 20

In a condition called incontinentia pigmenti, the skin has deep dark splotches, due to melanin that seeps down into the dermis. Normally, melanin is confined to the

A) epidermis.
B) basement membrane.
C) papillae.
D) hair.

Question 21

Shafts of hair are composed of

A) living dermal cells.
B) dead epidermal cells.
C) living epidermal cells.
D) dead dermal cells.

Question 22

You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely

A) subcutaneous layer cells.
B) from the dermis.
C) keratinized epidermal cells.
D) fibroblasts.

Question 23

The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate

A) blood vessels in the epidermis.
B) muscles and glands in the dermis.
C) melanocytes in the epidermis.
D) fat cells in the subcutaneous layer.

Question 24

In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent.

A) stratum lucidum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum corneum
D) stratum basale

Question 25

Eumelanin and pheomelanin are

A) reddish-yellow and brownish-black pigments, respectively.
B) brownish-black and reddish-yellow pigments, respectively.
C) types of keratin.
D) present in excess in a person with albinism.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation?

A) Massaging the skin
B) Eating foods rich in protein
C) Providing adequate fluid intake
D) Maintaining one body position

Question 27

The epidermis

A) retains water in deeper skin layers.
B) keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens.
C) protects the skin against mechanical injury.
D) all of the above.

Question 28

Corns are

A) areas of white skin pigmentation.
B) scaly scalp areas.
C) keratinized conical masses on toes.
D) growths emanating from the nostrils.

Question 29

The nail plate is produced by

A) bone cells.
B) fibroblasts.
C) melanocytes.
D) specialized epithelial cells.

Question 30

Gray hair is

A) caused by a pigment, pseudomelanin.
B) a mixture of red and brown hairs.
C) a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs.
D) a form of albinism.

Question 31

The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the

A) epidermis.
B) basement membrane.
C) dermis.
D) subcutaneous layer.

Question 32

The epidermis is about ___ mm thick and the dermis is about ___ mm thick.

A) 1.0 to 2.0; 0.07 to 0.12
B) 0.07 to 0.12; 1.0 to 2.0
C) 3.0 to 4.0; 5.0 to 6.0
D) 0.01 to 0.10; 0.10 to 1.0

Question 33

Melanocytes transfer melanin granules to

A) mast cells.
B) nearby keratinocytes.
C) macrophages.
D) the subcutaneous layer.

Question 34

After a severe burn, new skin may grow outwards from the hair follicles. New growth begins here because

A) the hair follicles are very resistant to fire and heat.
B) a person has many hair follicles.
C) a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulb region.
D) the hair follicles are located in the subcutaneous layer.

Question 35

The hardness of a nail comes from

A) carotene.
B) collagen.
C) calcium.
D) keratin.

Question 36

A nail consists of

A) dense connective tissue.
B) bone.
C) a nail bed and nail plate.
D) collagen and elastin.

Question 37

Reddened skin reflects

A) dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis.
B) eating too many carrots.
C) inheriting extra melanin.
D) constricted blood vessels with more blood entering the epidermis.

Question 38

Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin blisters in response to any touch?

A) The skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin.
B) Melanocytes cannot produce melanin.
C) Collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.
D) The skin layers are reversed.

Question 39

Accessory structures of the skin originate from the

A) epidermis.
B) basement membrane.
C) dermis.
D) subcutaneous layer.

Question 40

Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an officer explains on the evening news that fingerprints were obtained from the back of a watch. The thieves, whose prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their fingerpads, so as not to be a match for the fingerprints on the watch. They are wrong because

A) the prints arise from the subcutaneous layer, which is not destroyed.
B) the prints arise from friction ridges of the dermis, which are not destroyed.
C) the epidermis will regrow the friction ridges in a day.
D) the friction ridges will not grow back in the same pattern.

Question 41

Which of the following happens first after a scab forms?

A) phagocytic cells remove dead material.
B) the scab sloughs off.
C) fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
D) blood vessels send out new branches under the scab.

Question 42

A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by

A) radiation.
B) evaporation.
C) conduction.
D) convection.

Question 43

The skin dissipates excess body heat by

A) dilating dermal blood vessels.
B) activating eccrine sweat glands.
C) radiation
D) all of the above.

Question 44

Eccrine sweat glands

A) are most common in the armpits and groin.
B) respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
C) respond primarily to emotional stress.
D) usually are associated with hair follicles.

Question 45

Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment?

A) Dermal blood vessels constrict.
B) Sweat glands become active.
C) Smooth muscles relax.
D) Dermal blood vessels dilate.

Question 46

Inflammation makes skin

A) red, swollen and painful to touch.
B) cool and clammy.
C) secrete abundant antibodies.
D) peel off.

Question 47

The arrector pili muscle is attached to

A) the nail bed.
B) a sebaceous gland.
C) the hypodermis.
D) a hair follicle.

Question 48

A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop

A) fatigue and dizziness.
B) heat exhaustion.
C) headache, muscle cramps, and nausea.
D) all of the above.

Question 49

The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of

A) blood clots.
B) phagocytic cells.
C) fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels.
D) scar tissue.

Question 50

Milk and ear wax

A) are not secretions.
B) are secreted from modified sweat glands.
C) are secreted from modified sebaceous glands.
D) are in the blood.

Question 51

Inflammation

A) is a type of infection.
B) is a result of exposure to very low temperatures.
C) is a normal response to stress or injury.
D) is an abnormal response to injury or stress.

Question 52

Body heat is lost primarily by

A) conduction.
B) convection.
C) evaporation.
D) radiation.

Question 53

A burn affecting only the epidermis is a

A) superficial partial-thickness burn.
B) deep partial-thickness burn.
C) second-degree burn.
D) third-degree burn.

Question 54

Sebaceous glands secrete

A) fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
B) hormones.
C) sweat in the armpits.
D) mucus.

Question 55

Hypothermia is

A) associated with exercising vigorously in the heat.
B) accompanied by fever.
C) a lowered body temperature.
D) a form of hair loss.

Question 56

An autograft covers an injured area of skin with

A) skin from a person other than the patient.
B) a skin substitute, such as an artificial membrane.
C) skin from a skin bank.
D) skin from an uninjured region of the patient's body.

Question 57

Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

A) in type of secretion.
B) in their location.
C) in whether or not they are associated with hair follicles.
D) all of the above.

Question 58

Sweat cools the body by

A) convection.
B) conduction.
C) evaporation.
D) radiation.

Question 59

Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include

A) homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
B) the very old and the very young.
C) very thin people.
D) all of the above.

Question 60

Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the

A) forehead.
B) axilla.
C) neck.
D) palms of the hands.

Question 61

A woman undergoes coronary bypass surgery, in which a blood vessel from her leg is moved to her heart, where it supplements the blood supply following a heart attack. This procedure is a(n)

A) xenograft.
B) autograft.
C) allograft.
D) isograft.

Question 62

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing

A) heart disease.
B) diabetes.
C) skin cancer.
D) glaucoma.

Question 63

Skin wrinkles with age because

A) collagen degrades in the subcutaneous layer as the epidermis shrinks.
B) fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks.
C) the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D) epidermal cells undergo a burst of cell division.

Question 64

Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by regular exposure to

A) X-rays.
B) gamma radiation.
C) ultraviolet light.
D) mutagenic chemicals.

Question 65

Acne is a disorder of the

A) sweat glands.
B) hair follicles.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) apocrine glands.

Question 66

Skin cancer is most likely to develop from

A) pigmented epithelial cells.
B) pigmented melanocytes.
C) nonpigmented epithelial cells.
D) nonpigmented melanocytes.

Question 67

We enjoy sunbathing because it stimulates keratinocytes to release

A) beta endorphin.
B) collagen.
C) carotene.
D) keratin.

Question 68

Cutaneous melanomas are associated with

A) short exposure to high-intensity sunlight.
B) prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight.
C) occasional exposure to X-rays.
D) exposure to background radiation.

Question 69

The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost part of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum.

Question 70

The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin are

A) cadherins.
B) collagens.
C) cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs).
D) keratins.

Question 71

As a person ages, the skin typically becomes

A) thicker.
B) more opaque.
C) more elastic.
D) spotted with patches of pigment.

Question 72

Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because

A) they sweat excessively.
B) their sebaceous glands become overactive.
C) the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D) the skin becomes too oily.

Question 73

A man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who suffers from cystic fibrosis. This procedure is a(n)

A) xenograft.
B) autograft.
C) allograft.
D) isograft.

Question 74

The advantage of cryo-electron tomography is that it

A) enables cells to divide continually.
B) is cheaper than other methods.
C) provides a static view of the skin.
D) preserves intercellular junctions.

Question 75

Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma?

A) A light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does not use sunblock because he likes to be tan
B) An eighty-year-old who spends most of her time indoors
C) A twenty-two-year-old college student who is outdoors often and uses sunblock
D) A black woman who spends most of her time in her office

Question 76

In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells.

Question 77

The skin is one of the larger organs in the body by weight.

Question 78

Fever is

A) a result of inflammation.
B) due to exposure to heat.
C) a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically in response to infection.
D) a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from infection.

Question 79

A future treatment for baldness may potentially be

A) head massages.
B) high protein shakes.
C) scalp transplants.
D) stem cells from the bulb region at the base of hair follicles.

Question 80

In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the

A) depth of the burn.
B) surface area of the burn.
C) degree and source of the burn.
D) type of scar that will form.