Deck 7: Memory

Question 1

In memory,the storage phase of information processing lasts

A) a fraction of a second.
B) several seconds.
C) several minutes.
D) variable amounts of time.

Answer 1

variable amounts of time.

Question 2

Every day Manuel buys coffee from the same woman on the way to work.Even though he always sees her,when a friend asks he cannot remember what color her hair is.Manual most likely experienced a problem in the __________ process of memory.

A) storage
B) encoding
C) retrieval
D) attention

Answer 2

storage

Question 3

Kumar is trying to remember the name of his psychology professor from last semester.To answer this question,Kumar must search for information in his

A) sensory storage.
B) short-term storage.
C) working memory.
D) long-term storage.

Answer 3

long-term storage.

Question 4

You just taught your dog to roll over whenever you say "Play dead!" If the dog forms a memory about how to do this trick on command it will be because its brain

A) encoded the auditory information about the commands.
B) created a mental video recording of how to do the trick.
C) stored the information about how to twist its body to roll over.
D) acquired the information and retained it so that it could access it later on.

Question 5

While driving home,the car in front of you starts driving dangerously,so you concentrate on watching it.When you arrive home,you realize that you cannot remember anything from your drive home other than that car.Your memory is most likely due to the fact that we do not remember information that

A) is very complex.
B) exceeds the capacity of sensory storage.
C) has two or more visual features.
D) we do not pay attention to.

Question 6

To remember her nine-digit social security number,Alyssa uses her working memory to place the numbers into three groups.In addition,each group of three or four digits is easy to remember because it is meaningful.Alyssa has made her social security number easier to remember by using

A) retrieval cues.
B) chunking.
C) the primacy effect.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Question 7

Yelinda is talking to a salesman in a store when she steps away to answer her cell phone.When Yelinda turns back to the salesman,she fails to notice that the salesman she had originally been speaking to has been replaced by a different salesman.Yelinda's failure to notice that the salesman has changed is best explained by

A) retroactive interference.
B) memory bias.
C) shadowing.
D) change blindness.

Question 8

After reading your textbook,you are able to maintain the bold,key words in coded representations in a network of neurons in your brain.In memory,this process is called

A) retrieval.
B) attention.
C) encoding.
D) storage.

Question 9

Liora is reading her textbook.As her eyes scan the page,each visual image is retained for less than a second in her

A) working memory.
B) short-term storage.
C) episodic memory.
D) sensory storage.

Question 10

In an experiment,you are asked to memorize a list of 30 words.At first,this seems like a challenging task.Then you remember that you can hold more words in short-term storage if you

A) expand the capacity of your sensory storage.
B) recall the word list an hour after you finish the experiment.
C) group words together in meaningful ways.
D) avoid using attention processes for working memory.

Question 11

Memory is an imperfect record of everything we see and experience primarily because our

A) sensory storage does not last long enough.
B) long-term storage is too small.
C) ability to direct attention is limited.
D) brains' networks of neurons change over time.

Question 12

The three phases of memory include (1)changing external information into a neural code,(2)retaining the information,and (3)accessing it later on.In this order,these three memory steps are

A) (1) input, (2) storage, and (3) retrieval
B) (1) encoding, (2) storage, and (3) retrieval
C) (1) encoding, (2) processing, and (3) output
D) (1) input, (2) processing, and (3) output

Question 13

Professor Smith refuses to learn his students' names because he believes the names will take up space in his memory that he needs to store research-related information.Professor Smith's belief about his memory is incorrect because

A) research-related information is stored in semantic memory.
B) the students' names are maintained in short-term storage.
C) long-term storage holds unlimited amounts of information.
D) working memory allows him to continually maintain both sets of information.

Question 14

Marianna takes the bus to school every day.One morning,a different bus is used on her route.Marianna does not notice the switch,even though her usual bus is blue and the new bus is red.Marianna most likely did not notice the different bus due to

A) shadowing.
B) change blindness.
C) high memory bias.
D) low capacity of sensory storage.

Question 15

Chris is looking for his friend in a crowd of people at a concert.As he scans the crowd,he often blinks but still retains a brief visual image of many of faces in the crowd for a very brief time.Chris is able to maintain this visual information due to the function of his

A) short-term storage.
B) working memory.
C) sensory storage.
D) long-term storage.

Question 16

Filter theory helps explain all of the following memory phenomena EXCEPT

A) how we are "blind" to large changes in what happens around us.
B) how we selectively attend to important information.
C) why we tend to process personally irrelevant information.
D) the ability to shadow words heard in one ear.

Question 17

You are paying close attention to the basketball game on the TV.Suddenly,you are distracted by your roommate talking to someone on the phone about the upcoming psychology exam in the class you both take.This conversation most likely captured your attention because it

A) required fewer mental processes.
B) was loud.
C) was personally important.
D) did not require shadowing.

Question 18

Short-term storage has a(n)

A) limited capacity.
B) unlimited capacity.
C) duration of up to a day.
D) unlimited duration.

Question 19

Lisa is driving to school when she sees a yellow traffic light ahead of her.According to the three-part memory storage system,Lisa will first maintain information about the yellow light in her

A) working memory.
B) short-term storage.
C) long-term storage.
D) sensory storage.

Question 20

When you are reading your textbook,your brain changes the words you are reading into a meaningful neural code that it can use.In memory,this process is called

A) encoding.
B) storage.
C) retrieval.
D) attention.

Question 21

Fatima is a new student on campus.Everywhere she goes,she is asked for her 12-digit student number.To memorize her new student number,she thinks of it as three different years.Fatima is using __________ to aid her memory.

A) dual coding
B) maintenance rehearsal
C) the recency effect
D) chunking

Question 22

Joffrey's wife asked him to go to the store and buy milk,bacon,apples,juice,butter,and cereal.Joffrey did not write down the items,and ended up only remembering to buy milk and bacon at the store.The fact that Joffrey only remembered milk and bacon demonstrates the __________ effect.

A) recency
B) primacy
C) interference
D) decay

Question 23

Elaborative rehearsal is a more effective memory strategy than maintenance rehearsal because the information is processed

A) repeatedly.
B) more deeply.
C) based on sound.
D) more automatically.

Question 24

At Starbucks,a cup of coffee costs $2.82.To use exact change,you must hold the number 2.82 in your head,while sorting through your wallet and calculating what coins you have.To be successful in actively processing this information,you must keep the information maintained in short-term storage by using your

A) working memory.
B) sensory storage.
C) semantic memory.
D) long-term storage.

Question 25

Harry is reading the textbook for his astronomy class and is trying to relate the material to his own life experiences.According to the levels of processing model,Harry is more likely to remember the information over the long term because he is using

A) reconsolidation.
B) shallow processing.
C) spreading activation.
D) deep processing.

Question 26

In a memory experiment,Group A is asked to listen to a list of words.Group B is asked to count the number of e's in the words.Group C is asked to use each word in a sentence.According to the levels of processing model,what will the results of the experiment be?

A) Group A will remember more words.
B) Group B will remember more words.
C) Group C will remember more words.
D) All groups will remember the same amount of words.

Question 27

On his way to buy a snack,Jed sees an ad that simply shows one juicy hamburger.Rather than getting ice cream as he had planned,Jed buys French fries instead.According to the spreading activation model,the hamburger most likely made Jed want French fries because

A) eating hamburgers and French fries are part of the same procedural memory.
B) he misattributed his memory of the ad to being about French fries.
C) the hamburger activated the node for French fries.
D) the French fries were encoded with the hamburger in the ad.

Question 28

Morgan is currently taking a course on public speaking.Next year,he will most likely remember only general facts from the course,because semantic information is maintained in

A) sensory storage.
B) short-term storage.
C) long-term storage.
D) working memory.

Question 29

According to the idea that information is held in long-term storage in networks of associations,each specific piece of information in memory is located in

A) nodes.
B) schemas.
C) associations.
D) features.

Question 30

Nora and Miles are medical students studying for an exam.Nora makes flash cards to memorize new terms and repeatedly reads them to herself.Miles links new terms to the ones he already knows based on their meanings.Nora is using __________ and Miles is using __________ to learn the terms.

A) maintenance rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal
B) elaborative rehearsal; maintenance rehearsal
C) procedural memory; semantic memory
D) semantic memory; procedural memory

Question 31

Monica hears that George goes to a lot of parties.When a friend asks Monica what George is like,she tells him that George drinks a lot of alcohol.Even though Monica only knows that George goes to parties,she believes that George drinks a lot because she

A) has a schema about going to parties that includes drinking alcohol.
B) did not encode the original information about George properly.
C) has a memory bias against people who like to go to parties.
D) elaborated on the story to make it more interesting.

Question 32

If someone says the word doctor,it may trigger a memory of your last trip to the doctor,or it may bring to mind other concepts related to doctors,such as an examination room or a stethoscope.This fact is best explained by the __________ model of memory.

A) levels of processing
B) state-dependent
C) context-dependent
D) spreading activation

Question 33

Addie told Callum her top 10 favorite movies.When he tries to recall the list later on,he can only remember the last two movies Addie mentioned.The fact that Callum only remembers the last two movies is most likely due to

A) the recency effect.
B) the primacy effect.
C) procedural memory.
D) implicit memory.

Question 34

To work at Burger Shack,Meghan must memorize all of the menu items.To do this,Meghan thinks about which friend would want to order each item.Meghan is likely to retain the menu items in long-term storage very well because she used

A) the recency effect.
B) the primacy effect.
C) maintenance rehearsal.
D) elaborative rehearsal.

Question 35

Fadeke is studying for her English literature test.For each novel she reads,she tries to think of how the novel relates to her own life.In order to remember the novels,Fadeke is using the memory strategy called

A) maintenance rehearsal.
B) elaborative rehearsal.
C) the primacy effect.
D) the recency effect.

Question 36

Your friend starts talking about a new puppy that she just rescued.This discussion about her new puppy activates your knowledge about dogs.Based on the fact that information is maintained in long-term storage in a network of associations,when you hear about the puppy

A) all words associated with "pet" will be activated equally.
B) all words associated with "dog" will be activated equally.
C) words highly associated with "pet" will be activated first.
D) words highly associated with "dog" will be activated first.

Question 37

Travis is taking a new medicine that has a side effect of disrupting his short-term storage.Based on this fact,you know that Travis will have difficultly recalling

A) a photograph he saw less than a second ago.
B) a phone number he heard 15 seconds ago.
C) the multiplication tables he learned in third grade.
D) how to ride his bicycle.

Question 38

Reveille just got a new bank account password: 979tamu.She repeats the code over and over,keeping the information maintained in short-term storage by using

A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) maintenance rehearsal.
C) dual coding.
D) chunking.

Question 39

The string of 16-digits 1776149217872014 is difficult to remember.If a person breaks them up into four groups of four digits (1776,1492,1787,and 2014),these numbers are easier to remember,due to the effect of

A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) chunking.
C) dual coding.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Question 40

George has to recall the names of the first 20 presidents of the United States for his history test.According to the levels of processing model of memory,to remember the most names,George should

A) study in the same room where the test will be given.
B) write the names down over and over again.
C) relate the names to information he already knows.
D) repeat the names to himself many times.

Question 41

Yolanda has a brain tumor.As the tumor gets bigger,Yolanda can no longer form new memories in long-term storage.Yolanda most likely has __________ amnesia.

A) anterograde
B) retrograde
C) proactive
D) retroactive

Question 42

A person who has experienced the loss of past memories may be experiencing

A) proactive interference.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) retrograde amnesia.

Question 43

Tami's father used to roller skate as a child,but has not skated for many years.When he goes skating with Tami he will most likely remember how to skate due to his __________ memory.

A) episodic
B) procedural
C) semantic
D) explicit

Question 44

Hogan remembers the general information about a movie he saw a long time ago.He cannot remember the actors or the details of the movie,but knows that it was a romantic comedy.Hogan's memory of this movie is

A) a semantic memory.
B) an implicit memory.
C) a procedural memory.
D) held in sensory storage.

Question 45

Which of the following actions is an example of prospective memory?

A) learning historical dates for your exam tomorrow
B) daydreaming about your date next Friday
C) planning to pick up a library book on your way home
D) remembering what you did last weekend

Question 46

Which of the following is a type of explicit memory?

A) episodic
B) procedural
C) motor skills
D) classical conditioning

Question 47

Prospective memory limits the cognitive resources available for other tasks because it

A) reduces the number of items we can maintain in short-term storage.
B) interferes with information retrieval from long-term storage.
C) disrupts the encoding process in short-term storage.
D) interrupts information processing in sensory storage.

Question 48

Sue and Mary are talking about knitting.Sue is trying to remember the first thing she ever knitted.Mary is trying to remember what the word knitting means.Sue is trying to recall a(n)__________ memory and Mary is going to recall a(n)__________ memory.

A) episodic; procedural
B) episodic; semantic
C) procedural; episodic
D) procedural; semantic

Question 49

Which of the following is a type of implicit memory?

A) episodic
B) procedural
C) facts
D) semantic

Question 50

If the Wicked Witch of the West flew down and struck you with retrograde amnesia,you would be __________ to remember anything from before the incident and __________ to form new memories.

A) able; able
B) able; unable
C) unable; able
D) unable; unable

Question 51

Remembering how to ice skate is most likely an example of __________ memory.

A) explicit
B) procedural
C) semantic
D) episodic

Question 52

Jonathan was in a motorcycle accident and sustained an injury to his hippocampus.He now has anterograde amnesia,which means that he has difficulty

A) remembering familiar people's names.
B) recovering semantic memories.
C) remembering events from his childhood.
D) forming new memories.

Question 53

If someone asks you to describe your first day of school,you would most likely retrieve a(n)__________ memory.

A) procedural
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) semantic

Question 54

Patient H.M.had part of his medial temporal lobes,including the hippocampus,removed to eliminate seizures.After his surgery,H.M could no longer

A) remember his life before the surgery.
B) retrieve old implicit memories.
C) form new explicit memories.
D) form new implicit memories.

Question 55

If someone asks you to describe what a school is,you would most likely retrieve a(n)__________ memory.

A) procedural
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) semantic

Question 56

If you can remember exactly what you did yesterday but have trouble remembering the names of all 50 states,then you have excellent __________ memory but may have poor __________ memory.

A) episodic; semantic
B) semantic; episodic
C) procedural; explicit
D) explicit; procedural

Question 57

Igor has not been skiing in 10 years.However,when he gets on his skis,his body remembers exactly how to ski.The kind of memory that makes it possible for him to remember how to ski is

A) explicit.
B) episodic.
C) procedural.
D) semantic.

Question 58

People find it very easy to put on a button-down shirt but much harder to write down the steps involved in putting on a button-down shirt.This difference suggests that __________ memory is typically an __________ memory.

A) procedural; explicit
B) procedural; implicit
C) episodic; explicit
D) episodic; implicit

Question 59

Scientists have created a drug that leaves your existing memory intact,but eliminates your ability to form any new memories.This drug seems to create

A) anterograde amnesia.
B) proactive interference.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) retroactive interference.

Question 60

On his way to work,Jon's wife reminds him that he needs to pick up milk on his way home from work.To remember to pick up milk on his way home,Jon should use his __________ memory.

A) implicit
B) procedural
C) semantic
D) prospective

Question 61

If you study in the same room in which you take an exam,you will probably do better on the exam than if you had studied elsewhere.This outcome occurs because of __________ memory.

A) semantic
B) episodic
C) context-dependent
D) state-dependent

Question 62

Jim and Phil are changing the oil in Jim's car.Jim is trying to remember all the actions involved in changing the oil.Phil is trying to remember the first time he ever changed the oil in his car.Jim is trying to recall a __________ memory and Phil is trying to recall a(n)__________ memory.

A) semantic; procedural
B) semantic; episodic
C) procedural; semantic
D) procedural; episodic

Question 63

Research has shown that the consolidation of memories

A) is aided by sleep.
B) occurs mainly in the cerebellum.
C) never changes the original memory.
D) is disrupted by retrograde amnesia.

Question 64

Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his time in the military.His chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder?

A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D) attention deficit disorder (ADD)

Question 65

Recent research suggests that negative memories may be erased by

A) interfering with memory reconsolidation.
B) using mnemonics.
C) inducing anterograde amnesia.
D) inducing proactive interference.

Question 66

Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of

A) retrograde amnesia.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) persistence.
D) blocking.

Question 67

After a plane crash,Shera wakes up in a hospital and can remember everything about her life prior to the crash.However,every time her doctor visits,she believes she has never met him before.Based on this information,the doctor will most likely diagnose Shera with

A) anterograde amnesia.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Question 68

Aman has anterograde amnesia.However,he can still remember how to ride a bicycle and how to tie his shoes,because his __________ memory is still intact.

A) procedural
B) semantic
C) explicit
D) episodic

Question 69

Becca is trying to teach her 3-year-old son Cole how to ride a bicycle.Although she knows how to ride a bike,Becca is having a hard time verbalizing the steps to her son.Becca is struggling with trying to explain her __________ memory of riding a bike.

A) episodic
B) semantic
C) short-term
D) procedural

Question 70

Sleep disturbances interfere with the __________ of memories.

A) consolidation
B) misattribution
C) suggestibility
D) persistence

Question 71

Implicit memories are stored in the part of the brain called the

A) temporal lobe.
B) hippocampus.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) cerebellum.

Question 72

When you are studying for an exam,the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating and strengthening the connections among neurons is the

A) medial temporal lobe.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) cerebellum.
D) hippocampus.

Question 73

Whenever Mandy gets angry with her boyfriend,she easily remembers all of the other times she has been angry with him in the past.Mandy's ability to retrieve this information was most likely influenced by

A) suggestibility.
B) persistence.
C) state-dependent memory.
D) context-dependent memory.

Question 74

Carson tries to convince his instructor to give the final exam in the same room where the class is held because he learned that it would improve his chances of getting a better grade.Which memory concept is Carson using?

A) state-dependent memory
B) context-dependent memory
C) flashbulb memory
D) episodic memory

Question 75

Ashley studies for her upcoming psychology exam while sitting on her sunny front porch.When she takes the exam in a dimly lit lecture hall,she does poorly on the exam.Which of the following could have influenced her ability to recall the necessary exam information?

A) context-dependent memory
B) state-dependent memory
C) anterograde amnesia
D) retrograde amnesia

Question 76

The increased ability to retrieve memories that occurs when the internal states during encoding and the internal states during recall match is called

A) context-dependent memory.
B) state-dependent memory.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Question 77

Ted has brain damage after an accident.Although he can clearly remember everything from before the accident,he forgets what people are saying to him within a few minutes.Ted is most likely experiencing

A) retrograde amnesia.
B) retroactive interference.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

Question 78

When Jon visits his grandmother's house,he always thinks about his childhood.Something about the way her house smells seems to trigger these memories.This is an example of

A) flashbulb memory.
B) semantic memory.
C) context-dependent memory.
D) state-dependent memory.

Question 79

Explicit memories are stored in the part of the brain called the

A) cerebellum.
B) amygdala.
C) temporal lobe.
D) prefrontal cortex.

Question 80

The increased ability to retrieve memories that occurs when the encoding environment and the recall environment are the same is called

A) context-dependent memory.
B) state-dependent memory.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.