Deck 25: A: Overview of Physiology Man Versus Mountain

Question 1

A cooperative group of organs makes up ________.

Answer 1

an organ system

Question 2

The regulation of which of the following is NOT part of maintaining homeostasis?

A) blood-glucose levels
B) salt concentration of body fluids
C) blood pressure
D) body temperature
E) room temperature

Answer 2

room temperature

Question 3

A structure in your body consists of epithelial cells that absorb nutrients,muscle cells that contract to move materials through the structure,nerve cells to coordinate the structure's activities,and connective tissue holding everything together.This structure is a(n)

A) cell.
B) tissue.
C) organ.
D) organ system.
E) All of the above.

Answer 3

organ.

Question 4

_______ are composed of specialized cells that work together.

A) Organelles
B) Organ systems
C) Tissues
D) Organisms
E) Organs

Question 5

Define homeostasis.

Question 6

Name the types of animal tissues.

Question 7

Comparing temperature regulation between giraffes and humans is an example of ______; comparing the parts of an octopus's eye to a human eye would be an example of ______.

A) anatomy; physiology
B) physiology; anatomy
C) thermoregulation; homeostasis
D) homeostasis; physiology
E) physiology; homeostasis

Question 8

Which of the following lists the levels of organization of the human body in the correct order,beginning with the simplest and ending with the most complex?

A) cells, organs, tissues, organ systems.
B) tissues, cells, organs, organ systems.
C) organs, organ systems, tissues, cells
D) organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
E) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 9

List four tightly regulated body functions whose regulation is part of maintaining the body's homeostasis.

Question 10

There are ____ types of animal tissue.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 11

Put the following into the correct order from least complex to most complex: organ systems,tissues,organs,cells.

Question 12

You have many glands throughout your body that function to regulate your anatomical functions.The glands are ______ that make up a(n)______.

A) organs; organ system
B) cells; tissue type
C) tissues; organ
D) cells; organ
E) cells; organ system

Question 13

The stomach is composed of ___ types of tissues.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 14

_____ is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal body temperature.

A) Physiology
B) Homeoregulation
C) Thermoregulation
D) Metabolism
E) Homeostasis

Question 15

A group of different types of cells working together to perform a common function is a(n)

A) cell.
B) tissue.
C) organ.
D) organ system.
E) All of the above.

Question 16

Define physiology.

Question 17

The study of the way a living organism's physical parts function is known as

A) psychology.
B) physiology.
C) paraphysiology.
D) oncology.
E) metabiology.

Question 18

An organ is composed of different _________ types that work together to carry out a common function.

Question 19

A ______ feedback loop tends to _______ physiological response and is common in physiology.

A) negative; amplify a
B) positive; amplify a
C) negative; decrease a
D) positive; maintain a constant
E) negative; maintain a constant

Question 20

A tissue is composed of ________ that work together to carry out a specific function.

Question 21

Define vasoconstriction.

Question 22

Thermoregulation maintains the human body at about

A) 98.6°C.
B) 22°C.
C) 25°C.
D) 37°C.
E) 52.4°C.

Question 23

When blood sugar rises after a meal,the pancreas releases insulin.This causes cells to take up excess glucose.When blood sugar falls,glucagon is released from the pancreas.This causes cells to break down glycogen into glucose,which is then released into the blood.Which of the following aspects of this system best explains why it is an example of homeostasis?

A) The release of insulin causes blood sugar levels to fall.
B) The release of glucagon causes blood sugar levels to rise.
C) The pancreas and liver work together as an organ system.
D) The system works to keep blood sugar levels within a narrow range.
E) Insulin and glucagon are enzymes that only work within a narrow range of temperatures.

Question 24

The ideal temperature for the function of most human enzymes is about ______ degrees Fahrenheit.

A) 68.9°F.
B) 200°F.
C) 110°F.
D) 120°F.
E) 98.6°F.

Question 25

Explain how vasoconstriction conserves body heat.

Question 26

Thermoregulation maintains the human body at about

A) 98.6°F.
B) 200°F.
C) 100°F.
D) 102°F.
E) 87°F.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a factor for which the body has a set point,or narrow range within which it must be maintained?

A) blood pressure
B) body temperature
C) blood-glucose concentration
D) blood pH
E) All of the above are factors for which the body has a set point.

Question 28

When the body is overheated,

A) blood vessels near the skin surface will dilate.
B) lymph nodes will shrink.
C) the body will produce more blood to cool itself.
D) the heart will pause every few beats to reduce blood flow.
E) the body will begin to shiver.

Question 29

Shivering generates _______.

Question 30

The ideal temperature for the function of most human enzymes is about

A) 98.6°C.
B) 37°C.
C) 25°C.
D) 20°C.
E) 52.4°C.

Question 31

The word homeostasis is derived from two Greek roots: "homeo" means alike or the same; "stasis" means standing.Explain why this combination of roots is a good term for the process of homeostasis.

Question 32

Shivering is involuntary contraction and expansion of skeletal muscle.Can you simulate this voluntarily? Explain.

Question 33

Define shivering.

Question 34

Because of ________,hands,feet,and noses get cold before the rest of the body does.

A) vasoconcentration
B) vasoconstriction
C) vasodilation
D) pH regulation
E) insulin

Question 35

An increased concentration of red blood cells in the blood in response to high altitude is an example of

A) homeostasis.
B) acclimatization.
C) thermoregulation.
D) osmoregulation.
E) vasodilation.

Question 36

Homeostasis is best defined as

A) maintaining constant blood pressure.
B) maintaining constant body temperature.
C) maintaining constant blood-glucose levels.
D) maintaining a constant internal environment.
E) maintaining a constant internal environment in spite of a changing external environment.

Question 37

Vasoconstriction is constriction of

A) nasal passages.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) smooth muscle.
D) blood vessels.
E) lymph nodes

Question 38

Vasoconstriction

A) lowers body temperature.
B) increases heart rate.
C) stimulates skeletal muscle activity.
D) stimulates brain activity.
E) conserves body heat.

Question 39

Define vasodilation.

Question 40

Explain how vasodilation cools the body.

Question 41

All of these serve to increase body temperature in humans,EXCEPT

A) vasodilation.
B) vasoconstriction.
C) shivering.
D) cellular metabolism.
E) a negative feedback loop.

Question 42

In general,the human body responds to cold by

A)generating additional heat.
B)wearing specialized clothing.
C)conserving whatever heat is being generated.
D)sleeping.
E)A and C.

Question 43

One way to conserve heat is through

A) vasoconstriction.
B) vasodilation.
C) shivering.
D) sleeping.
E) All of the above.

Question 44

Define sensors.

Question 45

A typical response of the human body to cold is for blood vessels ______ to ______.

A) near the skin's surface; dilate
B) in the body's core; dilate
C) near the skin's surface; constrict
D) in the body's core; constrict
E) near the skin's surface; shiver

Question 46

Based on what you know about mechanisms for generating additional heat,you would expect someone living in a very cold environment to

A)require many more Calories than someone living in a moderate environment.
B)require many fewer Calories than someone living in a moderate environment.
C)require the same amount of Calories than someone living in a moderate environment.
D)require at least three times as much protein as someone living in a moderate environment.
E)C and D.

Question 47

The body's thermostat is

A) the liver.
B) the hypothalamus.
C) the lymph system.
D) the endocrine system.
E) the kidney.

Question 48

Heat conservation by the body can actually lead to frostbite because

A) shivering in the extremities uses up too much glycogen and energy starved tissues are damaged.
B) vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to the extremities and lets them cool down too much.
C) vasodilation allows too much heat to be lost from the extremities and they are damaged.
D) the body will eventually begin to sweat, which causes more heat loss from the extremities.
E) None of the above.

Question 49

Which of the following is most similar in function to whale blubber?

A) a bird's feathers
B) a snake's scales
C) a bat's brown fat
D) a bat's white fat
E) a human's muscles

Question 50

What is an effector?

Question 51

You observe a butterfly sitting on a sunny leaf and realize that it is sunning itself.You conclude that butterflies

A) are endotherms.
B) are ectotherms.
C) use nonshivering thermogenesis.
D) are ectotherms and use nonshivering thermogenesis.
E) experience acclimatization and not homeostasis.

Question 52

Using the concept of sensor and effector,describe the response of the body to a drastic decrease in temperature.

Question 53

One way to generate heat is through

A) vasoconstriction.
B) vasodilation.
C) shivering.
D) sleeping.
E) All of the above.

Question 54

The hypothalamus is

A) the size of a lemon.
B) located in the throat.
C) in the frontal lobe of the brain.
D) located at the base of the brain.
E) part of the liver.

Question 55

All of the following are involved in thermoregulation,EXCEPT

A) brown fat.
B) the pancreas.
C) the hypothalamus.
D) thermoreceptors.
E) blubber.

Question 56

Using the concept of sensor and effector,describe the response of the body to a drastic increase in temperature.

Question 57

Each of the following are considered warning signs of hypothermia,EXCEPT

A) stumbles.
B) rumbles.
C) mumbles.
D) fumbles.
E) grumbles.

Question 58

A _________ is an example of an endotherm,and a ________ is an example of an ectotherm.

A) whale; bat
B) bat; whale
C) lizard; fish
D) fish; human
E) human; fish

Question 59

Thermoregulation in the human body directly involves all of the following organ systems,EXCEPT the ________ system.

A) endocrine
B) muscular
C) nervous
D) urinary
E) integumentary

Question 60

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Question 61

The hypothalamus is a(n)________ and a(n)_______.

A) sensor; effector
B) region of the brain; hormone
C) part of the nervous system; part of the endocrine system
D) gland; thermoreceptor
E) organ; tissue

Question 62

In all animals,there is no type of fat tissue that can

A) quickly release glucose into the blood.
B) store energy.
C) insulate the body.
D) produce heat by nonshivering thermogenesis.
E) None of the above.

Question 63

Dehydration is associated with _______ osmolarity and _______ blood pressure.

A) low; high
B) low; low
C) high; low
D) high; high
E) no change in; no change in

Question 64

The _____ regulates blood-glucose levels.

A) kidney
B) liver
C) hypothalamus
D) colon
E) pancreas

Question 65

Oxytocin is a hormone that controls many responses and functions in the body,including uterine contractions during labor.The movement of the baby down the uterus and into the cervix activates stretch receptors,which stimulate the hypothalamus to release more oxytocin and increase the frequency of contractions.This is an example of

A) a negative feedback loop.
B) acclimatization.
C) a positive feedback loop.
D) vasoconstriction.
E) osmoregulation.

Question 66

You're stranded on a deserted island,but you know you will be rescued in a week.You have plenty of water,and the temperature is nice,but there is very little food available to tide you over until your rescue.How will your body respond to this lack of food energy?

Question 67

What is the proper order for the following four events?
I.glucagon is released
II.blood glucose drops
III.insulin is released
IV.blood glucose rises

A) IV, I, II, III
B) III, IV, I, II
C) II, III, IV, I
D) III, I, II, IV
E) I, IV, III, II

Question 68

A source of quick energy,________ is primarily stored in the ________.

A) glucagon; liver and muscles
B) glycogen; liver and muscles
C) glycogen; pancreas
D) glucose; pancreas
E) fat; pancreas

Question 69

A(n)________ in blood pressure is typically followed by a(n)________ in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)release as part of a ________ feedback loop.

A) increase; increase; negative
B) decrease; decrease; negative
C) increase; decrease; positive
D) decrease; increase; positive
E) increase; decrease; negative

Question 70

Energy is stored in the body as

A) glucose.
B) glycogen.
C) glucose and glycogen.
D) glycogen and fat.
E) glucose and fat.

Question 71

The following are effects of dehydration,EXCEPT

A) delirium and confusion.
B) altered electrolyte concentrations in blood.
C) concentrated urine.
D) increased blood pressure.
E) altered muscle contractions.

Question 72

The organ that regulates the body's water balance is the

A) bladder.
B) liver.
C) hypothalamus.
D) kidney.
E) heart.

Question 73

You are at the Florida State Fair and free glasses of orange juice are readily available.You're on a tight budget,so you guzzle down four 8-ounce glasses of fresh orange juice.Then,with your remaining money,you round out your "lunch" with one giant-sized cotton candy and a deep-fried candy bar.Describe your body's response to your sugar-laden lunch.

Question 74

The concentration of dissolved solutes in blood is called

A) osmoregulation.
B) osmolarity.
C) tonicity.
D) thymolarity.
E) hemotonicity.

Question 75

The hormone _______ is produced by the _______ and its release causes a decrease in blood-glucose levels.

A) insulin; hypothalamus
B) glucagon; hypothalamus
C) glucagon; pituitary
D) glucagon; pancreas
E) insulin; pancreas

Question 76

In the osmoregulation feedback loop,________ is/are examples of sensors and _______ is/are examples of effectors.

A) the kidneys; the hypothalamus
B) the hypothalamus, blood-pressure receptors in the blood vessels
C) the kidneys; blood-volume receptors in the heart
D) blood-volume receptors in the heart; blood-pressure receptors in the blood vessels
E) blood-volume receptors in the heart; the kidneys

Question 77

If the concentration of solvents in the blood is too high,

A) the hypothalamus will release antidiuretic hormone.
B) you need to add water to your blood.
C) your sense of thirst will increase.
D) the kidneys will excrete less water.
E) All of the above.

Question 78

Based on the information presented in your text about blood-glucose regulation,it is reasonable to infer that

A)the pancreas regulates fat metabolism.
B)glucagon is stored in the liver in reaction to high blood glucose.
C)glycogen is made up of glucose subunits.
D)A and B.
E)B and C.

Question 79

A hormone that regulates blood-glucose levels is

A) glycogen.
B) phosphofructokinase.
C) glucagon.
D) insulin.
E) both glucagon and insulin

Question 80

An organ system that is probably NOT directly involved in osmoregulation is the _________ system.

A) endocrine
B) lymphatic
C) skeletal
D) circulatory
E) urinary