Deck 13: Community Corrections

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a standard or traditional probation condition?

A)Drug and alcohol treatment
B)Remaining crime-free
C)Reporting regularly to a probation officer
D)Finding and maintaining employment or attending school or educational programs

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In addition to information about the offender and his or her past,the probation officer includes a ________ in the presentence investigation.

A)risk assessment on releasing the offender
B)fine amount
C)prediction on future offense
D)restitution amount

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Although intensive supervision probation programs vary,one of the main characteristics that most programs share is:

A)restitution.
B)community service hours.
C)small caseloads.
D)mandated drug and alcohol treatment.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The first probation officer was:

A)Zebulon Brockway.
B)John Augustus.
C)Alexander Machonochie.
D)August Vollmer.

Question 5

Approximately ________ percent of offenders under criminal justice supervision were on probation from 1980 to 2009.

A)22
B)58
C)75
D)63

Question 6

Bill and Tom are both on probation.Bill has committed a felony and must report monthly to his probation officer.Tom,on the other hand,committed a misdemeanor and does not have to report monthly.He simply has to send a form in by mail each month notifying his probation officer of any change in his address,employment,or school.Bill is under ________ supervision.

A)passive
B)aggressive
C)active
D)inactive

Question 7

In 2013 in the United States,________ were most likely to be sentenced to probation.

A)Asians
B)Blacks
C)Hispanics
D)Whites

Question 8

Jeff is under community supervision in Los Angeles County for committing a felony.He has a prior record,so his community supervision entails mandated restitution,house arrest,and biweekly meetings with his probation officer.Jeff is most likely serving:

A)rehabilitative probation.
B)intensive-supervision probation.
C)mandatory arrest.
D)traditional probation.

Question 9

Compared to Whites,Blacks,and Latinos were more likely to receive ________ sentences in 2009.

A)jail
B)community corrections
C)prison
D)community service

Question 10

Bill and Tom are both on probation.Bill has committed a felony and must report monthly to his probation officer.Tom,on the other hand,committed a misdemeanor and does not have to report monthly.He simply has to send a form in by mail each month notifying his probation officer of any change in his address,employment,or school.The probation officer who supervises Tom has a large caseload (almost 1,000 cases).This large caseload is referred to as a(n)________ caseload.

A)intensive
B)active
C)inactive
D)banked

Question 11

The average cost of services for state probationers was ________ as compared to $29,000 for each inmate.

A)$7,500
B)$10,000
C)$5,750
D)$1,250

Question 12

Researchers in California who examined the relationship between caseload size and property crime found that:

A)there was no relationship between caseload size and property crime rates.
B)as caseload size increased,the number of technical violations decreased.
C)as probation caseloads increased,property crime decreased.
D)as probation caseloads increased,property crime increaseD.

Question 13

In general,research has found that intensive-supervision probation:

A)effectively reduces recidivism.
B)effectively rehabilitates offenders.
C)costs more than incarceration.
D)does not clearly reduce recidivism or enhance rehabilitation.

Question 14

Violating probation conditions could result in:

A)incarceration in prison.
B)a fine.
C)revocation of probation.
D)restitution.

Question 15

The main difference between community corrections and institutional corrections is that:

A)institutional corrections are more effective than community corrections.
B)community corrections allow offenders to serve their sentence in the community.
C)community corrections are more focused on rehabilitation.
D)institutional corrections are more focused on rehabilitation.

Question 16

One of the responsibilities of the probation officer is to create a report for a judge that includes information on an offender's criminal history,employment and education history,and mental and physical health,among other things.This report is then used by the judge when he or she is sentencing the offender.This report is called the:

A)presentence memorandum.
B)conviction report.
C)sentencing guide.
D)presentence investigation.

Question 17

Bill and Tom are both on probation.Bill has committed a felony and must report monthly to his probation officer.Tom,on the other hand,committed a misdemeanor and does not have to report monthly.He simply has to send a form in by mail each month notifying his probation officer of any change in his address,employment,or school.Tom is under ________ supervision.

A)active
B)aggressive
C)passive
D)inactive

Question 18

There are two goals of probation.One is to protect society.The other is to:

A)reduce recidivism.
B)rehabilitate the offender.
C)deter offenders.
D)save money.

Question 19

John Smith is a first-time offender convicted of a nonviolent crime.The judge does not believe he is a threat to public safety and wants to give him the chance to remain in the community and be rehabilitated,so he sentences him to six months of community corrections under court supervision,with specific conditions that he must follow.John has most likely been sentenced to:

A)probation.
B)a halfway house
C)parole.
D)a restitution center.

Question 20

One of the main goals of community corrections is:

A)all of these.
B)allowing offenders to remain in the community.
C)reducing recidivism.
D)preventing institutionalization.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT one of the rights that probationers are entitled to when they are facing probation revocation?

A)The right to confront and challenge evidence and witnesses
B)The right to receive written notice of the charges against them
C)The right to a jury trial
D)The right to present evidence on their behalf

Question 22

Which of the following demographic groups best describes most parolees in the United States?

A)Young,poor,minority males
B)Young,poor,minority,females
C)Young,poor,White,females
D)Young,poor,White,males

Question 23

To measure success of probation,a measure of recidivism is often used-specifically:

A)whether or not the offender has been rearrested.
B)whether or not the offender violated probation conditions.
C)whether or not the offender has attended rehabilitation programs.
D)whether or not the offender has been reincarcerateD.

Question 24

Jane has served all of the time allowed by law of her 19-year prison sentence for voluntary manslaughter.She is ultimately released without any consideration from the parole board because the law stipulates that she be released since she has served the entire sentence that she is required to serve.Jane has been released through:

A)probation release.
B)discretionary release.
C)conditional release.
D)mandatory release.

Question 25

Sally has just finished serving an 8-10 year prison sentence for a drug offense.She was granted release by a board assembled to determine if an offender may return to his or her community to serve the remainder of his or her sentence.This board was made up of citizens with experience in criminal justice and related fields.Sally's release decision was made by the:

A)probation board.
B)board of reparation.
C)board of pardons.
D)parole boarD.

Question 26

Of all the crimes committed by parolees,the highest proportion is of:

A)violent offenses.
B)public order offenses.
C)property offenses.
D)drug offenses.

Question 27

José is on parole in Miami County.His parole officer provides many services to him,such as helping him find housing,employment,and medical care.His parole officer also makes sure that he is at work when he is supposed to be,adheres to his curfew,and takes regular drug tests.The service function,such as providing help with finding housing,employment,and medical care,is referred to as the ________ role.

A)supervision
B)service
C)case worker
D)assistance

Question 28

Debbie is a probationer in Los Angeles County whose probation was revoked because she failed to find and keep a job and check in with her probation officer weekly as required.Her probation is being revoked because:

A)she committed a new crime.
B)she committed a misdemeanor.
C)she committed a felony.
D)she committed a technical violation.

Question 29

Most parole failures occur within the first ________ of release.

A)year
B)five years
C)two months
D)two years

Question 30

Approximately 70 percent of the parolees who are returned to prison have committed a:

A)technical violation.
B)property crime.
C)drug crime.
D)violent crime.

Question 31

Modern parole is typically administered at the state and ________ levels of government.

A)county
B)national
C)federal
D)municipal

Question 32

The goal of parole is to:

A)protect society.
B)provide a more cost-effective method of supervision.
C)reward inmates who follow prison rules.
D)perform all of these.

Question 33

Sally has just finished serving an 8-10 year prison sentence for a drug offense.She has been released,but is not completely free of criminal justice supervision.She must remain under community supervision for 24 months,during which she must find and maintain employment or education,refrain from drug and alcohol use,and receive permission before she moves or leaves her home county.Sally is on:

A)house arrest.
B)probation.
C)electronic monitoring.
D)parole.

Question 34

Sally has just finished serving an 8-10 year sentence.She was granted release by a board assembled to determine if she is eligible to return to the community.Because this group of people felt that she was no longer a threat to the community,they made the decision to release her from prison.Sally has been released through:

A)conditional release.
B)probation release.
C)discretionary release.
D)mandatory release.

Question 35

Dan has just completed a 10-year prison sentence for aggravated assault.He has not been released on parole,and he is not subject to any supervision in the community either.Dan has been released on:

A)mandatory release.
B)discretionary release.
C)unconditional release.
D)conditional release.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT considered a technical violation?

A)Robbing the corner liquor store
B)Failing to meet the curfew specified by the probation agreement
C)Associating with known criminals
D)Failing to meet with the probation officer as specified by the probation conditions

Question 37

Between 2008 and 2012,the number of parole violators returned to prison has:

A)decreased.
B)increased at a rate faster than that of offenders returning to prison after the successful completion of their parole term.
C)remained steady.
D)increaseD.

Question 38

There are two reasons a parolee can have his or her parole revoked.If your parole were revoked because,for 4 weeks in a row,you failed a weekly drug/alcohol test,failed to report to your parole officer,or were found to be associating with known felons,it would have been revoked because of:

A)the commission of technical violations.
B)the commission of misdemeanors.
C)the commission of felonies.
D)the commission of new crimes.

Question 39

José is on parole in Miami County.His parole officer provides many services to him,such as helping him find housing,employment,and medical care.His parole officer also makes sure that he is at work when he is supposed to be,adheres to his curfew,and takes regular drug tests.Supervising José and making sure he adheres to his parole conditions and tests clean for drugs are part of the ________ role.

A)supervision
B)case worker
C)service
D)assistance

Question 40

There are approximately ________ adults on parole in the United States.

A)1,000,000
B)500,000
C)853,200
D)2,000,000

Question 41

Spencer has been convicted of possession of cocaine.His sentence includes 6 months of being restricted to his home at all times,unless he is working,at school,or attending a treatment program.Spencer has been sentenced to:

A)house arrest.
B)a day reporting center.
C)a halfway house.
D)electronic monitoring.

Question 42

Jim has been convicted of a nonviolent offense and has been sentenced by the judge to spend 100 unpaid hours working in a local playground that is being painted and rebuilt.Jim has been sentenced to:

A)parole.
B)community service.
C)probation.
D)restitution.

Question 43

Dustin has been convicted of driving under the influence,his third offense.As a result of driving under the influence,Being intoxicated,he crashed his car into the front porch of his neighbor's home as he was trying to pull into his driveway.As part of his sentence,the judge ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to his neighbor to compensate for the damage caused.The judge also ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to the court for his crime.To determine this amount,the judge used a formula that considered the severity of Dustin's offense,his daily income,and the number of children he has.The money paid to the court,based on Dustin's income and familial responsibilities,is:

A)a restitution.
B)a forfeiture.
C)a day fine.
D)a fine.

Question 44

Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of shock probation?

A)To administer a series of electric shocks to an offender in an effort to alter their criminal behavior
B)To combine a prison or jail sentence to "shock" offenders with probation in an effort to deter them from future criminal behavior
C)To incarcerate an offender for a long period of time to "shock" them out of their criminal behavior
D)To harshly punish offenders who have committed very minor offenses

Question 45

Which of the following is a goal of house arrest or home confinement?

A)All of these answers are correct.
B)Reducing jail and prison crowding
C)Reducing incarceration costs
D)Allowing offenders to remain employed

Question 46

Dustin has been convicted of driving under the influence,his third offense.As a result of driving under the influence,Being intoxicated,he crashed his car into the front porch of his neighbor's home as he was trying to pull into his driveway.As part of his sentence,the judge ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to his neighbor to compensate for the damage caused.The judge also ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to the court for his crime.The money paid to the neighbor to compensate for the damage to his porch is:

A)a fine.
B)a restitution.
C)a forfeiture.
D)a day fine.

Question 47

Dustin has been convicted of driving under the influence,his third offense.As a result of driving under the influence,Being intoxicated,he crashed his car into the front porch of his neighbor's home as he was trying to pull into his driveway.As part of his sentence,the judge ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to his neighbor to compensate for the damage caused.The judge also ordered Dustin to pay a sum of money to the court for his crime.The money paid to the court is:

A)a forfeiture.
B)a day fine.
C)a fine.
D)a restitution.

Question 48

Intermediate sanctions ________.

A)might require offenders to live in a halfway house while continuing to work
B)might require offenders to be closely monitored by an electronic monitoring device
C)require offenders to take responsibility for their actions
D)all of the above could be part of an intermediate sanction

Question 49

About ________ of ordered restitution is actually collected.

A)7%
B)10%
C)65%
D)25%

Question 50

Which of the following groups of released offenders had highest (though by a very small margin)recidivism rates?

A)Those on mandatory parole release
B)Those on conditional parole release
C)Those on unconditional release
D)Those on discretionary parole release

Question 51

The ________ abolished parole for offenders sentenced for federal crimes.

A)Sentencing Reform Act of 1984
B)Uniform Code of Military Justice
C)Bail Reform Act
D)Federal Sentencing Guidelines

Question 52

One of the goals of intermediate sanctions is to divert:

A)juveniles into the adult criminal justice system.
B)an offender out of the criminal justice system.
C)an offender from prison.
D)an offender from probation.

Question 53

Dan has been convicted of vandalizing his neighbor's home and vehicle by spray-painting racial slurs on both.As part of his sentence,Dan is ordered to attend a face-to-face session with his neighbor,the victim of the crime,to discuss the crime.At this session,it is hoped that Dan will accept responsibility,express remorse,and possibly make an apology.The session that Dan is required to attend is:

A)day reporting.
B)reparation.
C)a restitution.
D)a victim-offender mediation.

Question 54

Intermediate sanctions are:

A)short prison sentences.
B)more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than prison or jail.
C)short jail sentences.
D)used for juveniles only.

Question 55

Which of the following is a reason for abolishing mandatory and discretionary release parole?

A)Indeterminate sentences are "cruel and unusual" punishments.
B)Offenders are being coddled.
C)All of these answers are correct.
D)Rehabilitation programs are not effective.

Question 56

Chris has been convicted of embezzling $150,000 from his employer.With this money,he purchased a boat,a motorcycle,and several pieces of expensive jewelry for his girlfriend.As part of his sentence,the judge allows law enforcement authorities to confiscate any property that Chris purchased with the embezzled money.The ability of law enforcement to confiscate Chris's property that was purchased with embezzled money is referred to as:

A)a fine.
B)restitution.
C)forfeiture.
D)a day fine.

Question 57

Spencer has been convicted of possession of cocaine.His sentence includes six months of being restricted to his home at all times,unless he is working,at school,or attending a treatment program.For keeping track of him,Spencer must wear a transmitter around his ankle that sends a signal to correctional employees.If the signal is broken,that indicates that Spencer has left his home when he is not permitted to leave.Spencer has been sentenced to home confinement combined with:

A)community service.
B)electronic monitoring.
C)home monitoring.
D)technical corrections.

Question 58

Shock probation:

A)does not reduce recidivism.
B)does not have a long-term positive impact on an offender.
C)is more effective when it is combined with intense supervision in aftercare.
D)has all the above features.

Question 59

Chris has been convicted of embezzling $150,000 from his employer.Part of his sentence is to pay back the money that he embezzled.Chris has been sentenced to pay:

A)a forfeiture.
B)a day fine.
C)a restitution.
D)a fine.

Question 60

The goal of restorative justice is:

A)capitally punishing criminals.
B)to look for retribution in the criminal justice system.
C)encouraging the general public to take the law into their own hands.
D)for healing and forgiveness to replace punishment and retribution.

Question 61

A(n)________ is an intermediate sanction that is used in place of incarceration.

A)prison
B)diversion
C)jail
D)arson

Question 62

Sex offender registers:

A)act as a deterrent to repeat sex offenders.
B)do not act as a deterrent to repeat offenders.
C)effectively protect society from repeat offenders.
D)are extremely expensive.

Question 63

Someone who is required to sign in and out of the facility while they attend work,school or treatment is in a:

A)diversion.
B)furlough.
C)halfway house.
D)parole boarD.

Question 64

Homer is incarcerated in Michigan State Prison.He is permitted to leave each day to work in the community,but must return to the prison each night.Homer is released daily on:

A)community corrections.
B)parole.
C)work release.
D)probation.

Question 65

Many states use ________ to monitor sex offenders.

A)specialized parole agents
B)ankle tethers
C)GPS tracking devices
D)home confinement

Question 66

Sex offender registers require offenders convicted of sex offenses to:

A)register their address with local law enforcement.
B)register with local schools.
C)register with the county jail.
D)register with a sex offender treatment program.

Question 67

One of the biggest issues with sex offender registers is that:

A)they do not make distinctions among different types of sex offenders.
B)offenders must pay to register.
C)they do not provide an address for the offender.
D)they do not provide pictures of the offender.

Question 68

Part of the sentence for Marcus is to check in daily at a center where he reports his daily activities,is tested for drugs,and receives treatment.The location where Marcus checks in is a:

A)halfway house.
B)restitution center.
C)technical rule violator center.
D)day reporting center.

Question 69

Children are most likely to be molested by:

A)teachers and coaches.
B)neighbors.
C)strangers.
D)family members.

Question 70

A residential facility,where offenders live while they are transitioning into the community and receive counseling,education,and treatment,is a:

A)technical rule violator center.
B)restitution center.
C)day reporting center.
D)halfway house.