Deck 12: Jails and Prisons

Question 1

Which of the following offenses would likely result in an inmate being placed in a supermax prison?

A)Raping and severely assaulting another inmate while incarcerated
B)Murdering a police officer
C)Molesting a child
D)Raping and murdering a college student

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A ________ is a municipal or regional facility that houses pretrial individuals believed to present a risk of danger or flight,those awaiting probation or parole revocation,and those sentenced to less than one year incarceration.

A)total institution
B)jail
C)prison
D)security threat group

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Prisons guarded by correctional officers on patrol and in gun towers,with electronic locking systems and massive concrete walls,are most likely to be ________ prisons.

A)medium-security
B)minimum-security
C)maximum-security
D)supermax-security

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The most common formal sanction for criminal behavior is:

A)restitution.
B)probation.
C)incarceration.
D)fines.

Question 5

Over half of the inmates sentenced to federal prison have been convicted of a ________ offense.

A)property
B)drug
C)public order
D)violent

Question 6

Steve,Brandon,and Dylan are three friends who have been convicted of burglary.After their sentencing,they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to determine their programming needs.After they complete these tests,they are each sent to a different prison.Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender,so he is sent to a prison where he resides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has a great deal of freedom of movement.Brandon,like Steve,does not have a prior prison record and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate,and he does not have very many opportunities for educational or vocational programs.Dylan is considered a high security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial.He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell.Dylan has been sentenced to a ________-security prison.

A)maximum
B)minimum
C)medium
D)supermaximum

Question 7

Jack and Jill have both been convicted of possession of illegal drugs and have been sentenced.Jack is sentenced to nine months of incarceration,while Jill has been sentenced to 18 months of incarceration.Jill will most likely serve her sentence in a:

A)restitution center.
B)prison.
C)halfway house.
D)jail.

Question 8

Steve,Brandon,and Dylan are three friends who have been convicted of burglary.After their sentencing,they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to determine their programming needs.After they complete these tests,they are each sent to a different prison.Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender,so he is sent to a prison where he resides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has a great deal of freedom of movement.Brandon,like Steve,does not have a prior prison record and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate,and he does not have very many opportunities for educational or vocational programs.Dylan is considered a high security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial.He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell.While incarcerated,Dylan is continually in trouble and commits many disciplinary infractions.He also severely injures his cellmate when they get into an argument one day.Prison administrators ultimately determine that he cannot remain in general population and transfer him to a prison where he spends his days alone in his cell and has very little time outside of his cell.He has little or no contact with other inmates or corrections officers.Dylan has been transferred to a ________-security prison.

A)minimum
B)maximum
C)supermaximum
D)medium

Question 9

Which of the following inmates are most likely to be housed in a supermax prison?

A)Inmates with antisocial personality
B)All of these
C)Gang members
D)Inmates deemed a high escape risk

Question 10

If you were charged with a minor offense and sentenced to less than one year of incarceration,you would most likely be incarcerated in a:

A)jail.
B)state prison.
C)federal prison.
D)halfway house.

Question 11

Steve,Brandon,and Dylan are three friends who have been convicted of burglary.After their sentencing,they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to determine their programming needs.After they complete these tests,they are each sent to a different prison.Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender,so he is sent to a prison where he resides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has a great deal of freedom of movement.Brandon,like Steve,does not have a prior prison record and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate,and he does not have very many opportunities for educational or vocational programs.Dylan is considered a high security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial.He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell.The testing process that Steve,Brandon,and Dylan go through after being sentenced is referred to as:

A)prediction.
B)registration.
C)reception.
D)classification.

Question 12

Steve,Brandon,and Dylan are three friends who have been convicted of burglary.After their sentencing,they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to determine their programming needs.After they complete these tests,they are each sent to a different prison.Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender,so he is sent to a prison where he resides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has a great deal of freedom of movement.Brandon,like Steve,does not have a prior prison record and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate,and he does not have very many opportunities for educational or vocational programs.Dylan is considered a high security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial.He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell.Brandon has been sentenced to a ________-security prison.

A)maximum
B)supermaximum
C)minimum
D)medium

Question 13

If you have committed a serious crime and have not been granted bail,you will most likely be held in a ________ while awaiting trial.

A)federal prison
B)halfway house
C)state prison
D)jail

Question 14

Less than ________ percent of prisoners escape from U.S.prisons.

A)0.1
B)5
C)1
D)10

Question 15

In 2011,there were approximately ________ inmates in state prisons across the United States.

A)2,200,000
B)1,404,000
C)1,000,000
D)500,000

Question 16

According to a study conducted in 2013,the majority of jail inmates:

A)have been sentenced.
B)have committed violent crimes.
C)are awaiting arraignment or trial.
D)are there because they are considered "social misfits."

Question 17

________ is confinement against one's will in the criminal justice system (in a jail or prison)or a mental health facility (a secure psychiatric institution).

A)Incarceration
B)Arson
C)Due process
D)Battery

Question 18

John Smith has been convicted of a nonviolent drug crime and has been sentenced to 18 to 24 months in prison.He does not have a prior record and is considered a low security risk.John will most likely be held in a ________ prison.

A)minimum-security
B)medium-security
C)maximum-security
D)supermax-security

Question 19

Jack and Jill have both been convicted of possession of illegal drugs and have been sentenced.Jack is sentenced to nine months of incarceration,while Jill has been sentenced to 18 months of incarceration.Jack will most likely serve his sentence in a:

A)halfway house.
B)prison.
C)jail.
D)restitution center.

Question 20

Steve,Brandon,and Dylan are three friends who have been convicted of burglary.After their sentencing,they are all sent to a prison where they take many tests to determine their programming needs.After they complete these tests,they are each sent to a different prison.Steve does not have a prior prison record and is considered a nonviolent offender,so he is sent to a prison where he resides in a dormitory-style housing unit and has a great deal of freedom of movement.Brandon,like Steve,does not have a prior prison record,and is sent to a prison where he must share his cell with another inmate,and he does not have very many opportunities for educational or vocational programs.Finally,Dylan is considered to be a high security risk given his prior record and his behavior while he was on bail awaiting trial.He is sent to a prison where he is subjected to a count at least four times a day and spends very little time outside of his cell.Steve has been sentenced to a ________-security prison.

A)maximum
B)medium
C)supermaximum
D)minimum

Question 21

The process of determining which inmates go to which institutions and what the specific conditions of their confinement will be is referred to as:

A)risk assessment.
B)risk prediction.
C)classification.
D)security determination.

Question 22

Tom overhears another inmate talking about his girlfriend and referring to her as a "mule." If this inmate's girlfriend is a mule,she most likely:

A)engages in sexual acts during visitation with her boyfriend.
B)smuggles weapons into the prison.
C)smuggles alcohol into the prison.
D)smuggles drugs into the prison.

Question 23

The case of Cooper v.Pate gave inmates the right to:

A)file civil lawsuits against prison authorities.
B)practice their religion.
C)be free from cruel and unusual punishment.
D)access a law library.

Question 24

Which of the following statements best describes supermax prisons?

A)Cells are soundproof.
B)All of these answers are correct.
C)Security is essential.
D)Inmates are usually kept in their cells for 23-24 hours a day.

Question 25

The Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment is not applicable to overcrowding because:

A)the standard implies intent on the part of the perpetrator.
B)it could not be proved that prisoners suffered as a result of overcrowding.
C)individual prisoners cannot challenge their incarceration based on this standard.
D)overcrowding in prisons is a factor that is not controllable by either administration or government.

Question 26

Jack is incarcerated in the Southwest State Prison.He has been there for the past 12 years and has over 30 years left on his sentence.While incarcerated,his communication with his family has been restricted;most notably,any letters that he has attempted to send that criticize the conditions of the prison have been censored.Further,he has not been allowed to practice his religion because it is not a commonly practiced religion in the United States.Because Jack has been incarcerated for so long,it is likely that he will face great difficulty in integrating back into society.The difficulty of inmates in reintegrating is referred to as:

A)institutionalization.
B)deinstitutionalization.
C)restitution.
D)reentry.

Question 27

Upon entering prison,most inmates go through a process where they learn and adopt the values and norms of the prison.Some of these values and norms include not portraying themselves as weak or needy,not associating with corrections officers,and not snitching on others.The norms and values of prisons that inmates learn is referred to as the:

A)incarceration code of conduct.
B)prisonization.
C)importation model.
D)inmate code.

Question 28

From 1970 to 1991,the U.S.Supreme Court:

A)took away many of the rights of inmates.
B)refused to hear inmates' rights cases.
C)sided with prison administrators rather than inmates.
D)supported the constitutional rights of inmates.

Question 29

The most common educational requirement for correctional officers is a:

A)doctorate.
B)bachelor's degree.
C)master's degree.
D)high school diploma.

Question 30

Suppose you are incarcerated in a state prison.You are curious about the inmate subculture and inmate code that you keep hearing about and ask some other inmates about it.You also ask them to explain why they think an inmate subculture forms.One inmate,Frank,explains to you that all the things that inmates are deprived of when they are incarcerated,such as freedom,personal liberty,heterosexual relationships,and security,force inmates to create their own subculture.However,another inmate,Carl,disagrees with Frank.He argues that this subculture does not develop in prison;rather,he argues that inmates already hold the values of the prison code on the outside and bring them to prison with them.The process of developing the inmate subculture that Frank is referring to is the:

A)importation model.
B)incapacitation model.
C)deprivation model.
D)prisonization model.

Question 31

Jack is incarcerated in the Southwest State Prison.He has been there for the past 12 years and has over 30 years left on his sentence.While incarcerated,his communication with his family has been restricted;most notably,any letters that he has attempted to send that criticize the conditions of the prison have been censored.If Jack were to argue that his First Amendment rights are being violated,he would cite the U.S.Supreme Court decision in:

A)Cruz v.Beto.
B)Procunier v.Martinez.
C)Cooper v.Pate.
D)Wolff v.McDonnell.

Question 32

Most male inmates divide themselves by:

A)age.
B)race.
C)hometown.
D)socioeconomic status.

Question 33

Jack is incarcerated in the Southwest State Prison.He has been there for the past 12 years and has over 30 years left on his sentence.While incarcerated,his communication with his family has been restricted;most notably,any letters that he has attempted to send that criticize the conditions of the prison have been censored.Further,he has not been allowed to practice his religion because it is not a commonly practiced religion in the United States.If Jack were to sue prison officials,he would to argue that his __________ Amendment rights are being violated.

A)Fourth
B)First
C)Sixth
D)Fifth

Question 34

The U.S.Supreme Court case of Wolff v.McDonnell held that inmates had due process rights when they were facing placement in solitary confinement and when they were:

A)accused of a disciplinary infraction.
B)facing loss of good time credits.
C)being transferred to another prison.
D)applying for parole release.

Question 35

The first stop in the risk classification process of an inmate is a:

A)halfway house.
B)reception center.
C)jail.
D)classification facility.

Question 36

Which of the following statements best describes inmates' First Amendment rights with respect to freedom of religion?

A)Inmates are allowed to practice their religion in all cases,and prison officials have to accommodate their religious requests.
B)Inmates are given the right to practice their religion in all cases.
C)In general,inmates may practice their religion while in prison as long as their religious practices do not compromise the security and safety of the prison.
D)Inmates can create their own religion to practice while in prison.

Question 37

Upon entering prison,most inmates go through a process where they learn and adopt the values and norms of the prison.Some of these values and norms include not portraying themselves as weak or needy,not associating with corrections officers,and to always be suspicious of the motives of others.The process of learning these norms and values is called:

A)institutionalization.
B)incarcerative understanding.
C)deinstitutionalization.
D)prisonization.

Question 38

________ is the degree of danger associated with the inmates being housed in a prison.

A)Classification
B)Conjugal visit
C)Security level
D)Privatization

Question 39

Many states impose restrictions on convicted felons after they are released from prison.Which of the following is one of these restrictions?

A)On the right to run for public office
B)On the right to carry a gun
C)On the right to vote
D)All of these

Question 40

Which of the following situations would be an example of deliberate indifference?

A)The prison's heater goes out in the middle of the night and two inmates get frostbite.Prison officials are not aware that the heater is out during the night but attempt to have it fixed as soon as they are aware of the problem the next morning.
B)Prison officials are aware that the ground floor of the prison is in danger of flooding and try their best to evacuate the inmates but cannot evacuate them all in time because of quickly rising water levels;as a result,two inmates drown because they cannot swim.
C)Prison cells are infested with rats,but prison officials are not aware of the infestation and thus do not do anything about it.
D)Prison officials are aware of inmates who are suffering from HIV/AIDS but refuse to provide them with the proper course of treatment and as a result,four inmates die while in custody because of the lack of proper medical care.

Question 41

Jack and his cellmate,Vlad,get into an argument one day.Jack assaults Vlad and is put into solitary confinement.Because he has been targeted,Vlad is also removed from general population.It is likely that Vlad is placed into:

A)disciplinary segregation.
B)administrative segregation.
C)punitive segregation.
D)protective custody.

Question 42

Which of the following is an explanation for the rapid increase in the population of female inmates in the United States?

A)The "get tough" sentencing movement
B)The drug epidemic
C)Mandatory sentencing policies
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 43

Approximately ________ of incarcerated women have minor children (under the age of 18).

A)65%
B)50%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 44

Unlike men,women develop emotional bonds with other inmates;they often develop ________ while they are incarcerated.

A)romantic relationships
B)pseudo-families
C)friendships
D)gangs

Question 45

Prison gangs are also referred to as:

A)violent threat groups
B)special threat groups.
C)security threat groups.
D)prison threat groups.

Question 46

Jack and his cellmate,Vlad,get into an argument one day.Jack assaults Vlad and is put into solitary confinement.Because he was the aggressor and assaulted Vlad,it is likely that Jack is placed into:

A)punitive segregation.
B)administrative segregation.
C)protective custody.
D)disciplinary segregation.

Question 47

The majority of the cost of confining senior citizens in prisons and jails can be attributed to:

A)prison programs.
B)psychological treatment.
C)health care.
D)drug and alcohol treatment.

Question 48

Suppose you are incarcerated in a state prison.You are curious about the inmate subculture and inmate code that you keep hearing about and ask some other inmates about it.You also ask them to explain why they think an inmate subculture forms.One inmate,Frank,explains to you that all the things that inmates are deprived of when they are incarcerated,such as freedom,personal liberty,heterosexual relationships,and security,force inmates to create their own subculture.However,another inmate,Carl,disagrees with Frank.He argues that this subculture does not develop in prison;rather,he argues that inmates already hold the values of the prison code on the outside and bring them to prison with them.The process of developing the inmate subculture that Carl is referring to is the:

A)importation model.
B)incapacitation model.
C)deprivation model.
D)prisonization model.

Question 49

As a response to the sexual abuse of male and female inmates,President George W.Bush signed the ________ into law in 2003.

A)Prison Rape Examination Act
B)Prison Rape Investigation Act
C)Prison Rape Reform Act
D)Prison Rape Elimination Act

Question 50

The Attica Prison riot can be attributed to:

A)desire for reform by prisoners.
B)boredom.
C)racial tensions.
D)overcrowding.

Question 51

There are three main ways in which drugs enter prison.Which of the following is NOT among them?

A)Vendors
B)Mail
C)Correctional personnel
D)Visitors

Question 52

Some groups have suggested that an inmate's time in solitary confinement should be limited to ________ days.

A)365
B)180
C)90
D)30

Question 53

The most common form of sexual abuse of female inmates is:

A)forced sex with male staff.
B)forced sex with female staff.
C)forced sex with male inmates.
D)forced sex with other inmates.

Question 54

________ women make up the largest percentage of female inmates in the United States.

A)Hispanic
B)Asian
C)Black
D)White

Question 55

The British have moved away from solitary confinement and developed a strategy to prevent violence in prisons rather than simply punishing inmates after they have committed a violent act.If you are incarcerated in a British prison,you most likely:

A)have ample opportunities to participate in work and educational programs and mental health treatment.
B)do not have the ability to make any personal choices.
C)are not able to earn extra privileges for good behavior.
D)have little opportunity to participate in work or educational programs and mental health treatment.

Question 56

Most women are incarcerated for ________ crimes.

A)property
B)drug
C)violent
D)public order

Question 57

Women make up approximately ________ percent of state and federal inmates in the United States.

A)7
B)25
C)5
D)19

Question 58

Many inmates who are raped in prison do not report these rapes.The reluctance of rape victims to report their victimization and the general underreporting of rape incidents can be attributed to:

A)all of these.
B)fear of retaliation.
C)the refusal of correctional officers to report the rape to authorities.
D)embarrassment.

Question 59

You are a member of the Aryan Brotherhood,and prison administrators want to segregate you and your fellow members from the general population of the prison.As a result,they place all known members of the Aryan Brotherhood in a special location in the prison,often called:

A)the hole.
B)protective custody.
C)an administrative segregation.
D)a gang block.

Question 60

Women's prisons often differ from men's prisons in:

A)that they are less violent.
B)all of these.
C)that there is less sexual aggression.
D)that homosexual activity is usually consensual.

Question 61

The most common form of treatment for mentally ill inmates is:

A)psychotropic medications.
B)inpatient treatment.
C)psychological counseling.
D)outpatient treatment.

Question 62

The fastest-growing group of inmates in state prisons consists of:

A)those over 55 years of age.
B)White men.
C)violent offenders.
D)women.

Question 63

The agency that deports criminal aliens from the United States is:

A)the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
B)the U.S.Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
C)the Drug Enforcement Administration.
D)the Customs and Border Patrol (CDP).

Question 64

Which group of inmates is considered to be at the bottom of the hierarchy of prison society?

A)Inmates who assault other inmates
B)Mentally ill inmates
C)Homosexual inmates
D)Inmates convicted of sex offenses

Question 65

Foreign-born offenders are often infected with:

A)HIV/AIDS.
B)hepatitis
C)sexually transmitted diseases.
D)tuberculosis (TB).

Question 66

Many foreign-born offenders are incarcerated due to:

A)committing property crimes.
B)drug smuggling.
C)committing violent crimes.
D)residing in the United States without lawful documentation.

Question 67

Beginning in the 1950s,most of the mental health hospitals in the United States were closed,and mentally ill individuals were returned to the community.The process of closing mental hospitals and returning the mentally ill to the community is called:

A)institutionalization.
B)prisonization.
C)reintegration.
D)deinstitutionalization.

Question 68

Steve is a convicted sex offender who has been in prison for 15 years.His sentence is completed,but authorities are worried that he might commit future sex offenses.Because of this fear,Steve is released from prison and held in an institution indefinitely.Steve has been:

A)criminally confined.
B)wrongfully imprisoned.
C)civilly incarcerated.
D)sent into a civil commitment program.

Question 69

There are ________ people with HIV/AIDS in prisons and jails as/than in the general population of the United States.

A)an equal number of
B)at least 50%
C)more
D)fewer

Question 70

Bob has been incarcerated in California for the past five years.During his sentence,he could have monthly visits with his wife where they were given a private trailer on the prison grounds.Bob has been granted a ________ visit with his wife.

A)conjugal
B)spousal
C)rehabilitation
D)marriage