Deck 5: Overview of Policing

Question 1

During the political era of policing,street justice was practiced by officers.Which of the following would have been an example of street justice?

A)Removing homeless people from the streets and placing them in a shelter
B)Interviewing witnesses on the streets instead of taking them to the police department
C)Slapping a suspect at the scene of the crime and letting him go after a stern warning
D)Arresting a suspect and taking him to the nearby police station for questioning

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following emphasizes crime prevention and the development of positive relationships between the police and the public?

A)Community policing
B)Frankpledge system
C)Watch system
D)Street justice

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the language of policing,nonsworn personnel are ________.

A)sheriffs
B)discretionary officers
C)peace officers
D)civilians

Answer 3

D

Question 4

John,William,and Abraham were residents who organized themselves to punish people who were deemed to be outlaws during the 1800s.Based on the scenario,John,William,and Abraham are called ________.

A)privateers
B)vigilantes
C)slave patrol officers
D)fragmenters

Question 5

During the ________,local government leaders selected members of their party to be police officers as a reward for party loyalty.In this patronage system,it was whom the police knew,rather than what they knew,that was important.

A)English model of policing
B)era of community policing
C)political era of policing
D)professional era of policing

Question 6

The first publicly funded city police departments in the United States were ________.

A)slave patrols created to keep slaves from rebelling or running away
B)immigrant police departments who responded to what individuals in power wanted them to do
C)police departments established to deal with illegal immigrants
D)vigilantes who used to keep a watch over people during the night

Question 7

________ is the use of volunteer,self-appointed committees organized to suppress crime and punish criminals.

A)The blue code of silence
B)Privatization
C)The slave patrol system
D)Vigilantism

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the structure of the law enforcement system?

A)Usually,arrested people remain in police custody before and after their initial appearance in court.
B)Sheriffs' offices outnumber police departments by four to one.
C)Sheriffs' offices typically police counties in rural areas and towns that have law enforcement services.
D)Policing in the United States has always been highly localizeD.

Question 9

Officer Lewis and Officer Thomas both received very little training when they were hired as police officers.Also,they noticed that their colleagues used force excessively and their department practiced "street justice" and physically punished suspects on the spot.Officer Lewis and Officer Thomas were hired during the ________.

A)vigilantism era
B)professional policing era
C)political policing era
D)community policing era

Question 10

The ________ system was the peacekeeping system in early England in which a group of 10 local families agreed to maintain the peace and make sure lawbreakers were taken into custody and brought to court.

A)frankpledge system
B)slave patrol system
C)watch system
D)vigilantism system

Question 11

________ is officers' maintenance of a visible presence in communities to serve as a deterrent to a variety of street-level crimes.

A)The dark figure of crime
B)Fragmentation
C)The blue code of silence
D)Preventive patrol

Question 12

Bobby Smith was hired as the police chief of Florida during the early 1900s because he personally knew the governor of Florida.After he started working on his job,Bobby only enforced the laws that benefited the governor of Florida.Based on the information in the scenario,Bobby belongs to the ________.

A)vigilantism era of policing
B)English model of policing
C)slave patrol era of policing
D)political era of policing

Question 13

The ________ is the chief federal law enforcement department in the United States.

A)Department of Justice
B)Department of Homeland Security
C)U.S.Secret Service
D)Federal Bureau of Investigation

Question 14

Amy became a police officer because she wanted to reduce corruption in policing.She was hired because of her academic credentials and was properly trained.Amy was hired during the ________.

A)vigilantism era of policing
B)political era of policing
C)English model era of policing
D)professional era of policing

Question 15

Which of the following lists the policing eras from the oldest to the most recent in the correct order?

A)Community policing era,professional era,political era,and vigilantism
B)English model,political era,vigilantism,and slave patrols
C)Professional era,community policing era,English model,and political era
D)Slave patrols,English model,political era,and professional era

Question 16

During the political era of policing,police were NOT ________.

A)allowed to control undesirable immigrants
B)allowed to provide housing services for the homeless
C)thought of primarily as law enforcers
D)thought of as people who could maintain order

Question 17

Which of the following is a difference between sheriffs' offices and police departments in the United States?

A)Sheriffs' offices do not provide court security to arrested persons,whereas police departments provide court security to arrested persons.
B)Sheriffs' offices tend to serve smaller areas with more people,whereas police departments serve larger areas with fewer people.
C)Sheriffs' offices typically function in rural areas,whereas police departments typically function in urban areas.
D)Sheriffs' offices provide custody to arrested persons till their intial appearance in court,whereas police departments provide police custody after the arrested persons appear in court.

Question 18

Police driving around certain neighborhoods in the night to keep a watch is an example of ________.

A)private fragmentation
B)street justice
C)offender profiling
D)preventive patrols

Question 19

The peacekeeping system in which particular men were assigned the job of custodian and became responsible for patrolling the streets,lighting lanterns,serving as a lookout for fires,and generally keeping order is known as the ________.

A)slave patrol system
B)frankpledge system
C)vigilantism system
D)watch system

Question 20

Which of the following is a feature of police departments in the United States?

A)They generally provide permanent housing to arrested persons.
B)They typically do not perform law enforcement duties.
C)They operate mostly in rural areas.
D)They outnumber sheriffs' offices by four to one.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about the percentages of African Americans,Latinos,and women in the local law enforcement agencies as of 2007?

A)There are more African Americans than Latinos.
B)There are more Latinos than African Americans.
C)There are more women than African Americans.
D)There are more Latinos than women.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a result of fragmentation?

A)Two agencies working on an investigation find the same clues,which result in a duplication of the effort.
B)Two agencies involved in investigating a crime do not communicate.
C)One agency is well coordinated.Everyone in this agency knows their responsibilities and performs them as expected without any overlap of service.
D)A large police department that has multiple departments under it hinders sharing of information between the departments.

Question 23

Sworn personnel are usually referred to as ________.

A)peace officers
B)fragmenters
C)blue coders
D)civilians

Question 24

_____ are police department employees entrusted with arrest powers.

A)Civilians
B)Subpoenas
C)Sworn personnel
D)Nonpeace officers

Question 25

U.S.Customs and Border Protection and U.S.Immigration are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

A)combating human smuggling.
B)combating importation of agricultural pests.
C)providing security for federal judges.
D)protecting the nation's borders from terrorism.

Question 26

The U.S.Marshals Service is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

A)protecting federal judges.
B)regulating firearms and explosives.
C)operating the Witness Security Program.
D)apprehending federal fugitives.

Question 27

Sergeant Thomas is responsible for recruiting new police officers for his police department.His first step is:

A)testing recruits.
B)conducting background checks on applicants.
C)attracting a sufficient number of applicants.
D)selecting the most qualified individuals.

Question 28

Which jurisdiction was the first to pass an ordinance giving women the title and pay of "patrolman"?

A)Chicago
B)Miami
C)Los Angeles
D)New York

Question 29

Which of the following statements is FALSE about female police officers?

A)Female police officers rely on lower levels of physical force.
B)Female police officers have better communication skills than their male counterparts.
C)Women are less proficient in defusing potentially violent confrontations than are men.
D)Women police officers are less familiar with the boot camp approach to training than are male police officers.

Question 30

Systematic basic training in police academies was one of the reforms instituted in the ________.

A)nineteenth century
B)eighteenth century
C)twenty-first century
D)twentieth century

Question 31

During the ________,Black males began to enter police departments at meaningful levels.

A)1990s
B)1900s
C)1860s
D)1970s

Question 32

________ means there is a lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies.

A)Fragmentation
B)Corruption
C)Privatization
D)Discretion

Question 33

Challenges in police officer recruiting include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)better-paying jobs outside law enforcement.
B)low attrition.
C)negative publicity over use of force.
D)negative publicity over alleged discrimination.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is a FALSE statement about the background investigations of police applicants?

A)Background investigations are often improperly conducted.
B)Background checks have always been reliable indicators of which individuals will become good officers.
C)Background investigators look for proof of good moral character.
D)Background investigators can be subjective.

Question 35

Which of the following lists the federal agencies in the correct order from those with the most number of employees to those with the least number of employees?

A)U.S.Capitol Police,U.S.Postal Inspection,U.S.Marshals,and U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service
B)Federal Bureau of Prisons,U.S.Customs and Border Protection,U.S.Marshals Service,and Drug Enforcement Administration
C)Drug Enforcement Administration,U.S.Secret Service,National Park Service,and Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)U.S.Customs and Border Protection,Federal Bureau of Prisons,U.S.Capitol Police,and USDA Forest Service

Question 36

David works as one of the support personnel in the FBI.Which of the following is a position within the FBI that David is NOT likely to hold?

A)A special agent
B)A scientist
C)An information analyst
D)A language specialist

Question 37

All of the following are agencies within the Department of Homeland Security EXCEPT the:

A)U.S.Customs and Border Protection.
B)U.S.Coast Guard.
C)U.S.Marshals Service.
D)U.S.Secret Service.

Question 38

Special Agent Santiago currently works for the oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States.He apprehends federal fugitives and also transports federal prisoners.Based on the information in the scenario,Santiago works for the ________.

A)U.S.Secret Service
B)Federal Bureau of Investigation
C)Drug Enforcement Administration
D)U.S.Marshals Service

Question 39

Which Metropolitan Police Department created a Gay and Lesbian Liaison Unit in June 2000?

A)The Abilene area District
B)The District of Columbia
C)The District of Oregon
D)The Central Eastside District

Question 40

The nation's oldest federal law enforcement agency is the:

A)Drug Enforcement Administration.
B)U.S.Secret Service.
C)Federal Bureau of Investigation.
D)U.S.Marshals Service.

Question 41

Which of the following is true of police discretion?

A)Officers' discretionary decisions can never fulfill the spirit of the law if they do not follow the letter of the law.
B)Police discretion can never lead to corruption.
C)Professionals with discretionary power are immune from the temptation to abuse the authority that accompanies this power.
D)It allows officers to decide where to focus their energies.

Question 42

There is nothing more harmful to a law enforcement agency than:

A)profiling.
B)siege mentality.
C)officer misconduct.
D)discretion.

Question 43

Training curricula of a police academy include:

A)community building.
B)ethics and integrity.
C)human diversity.
D)all of these.

Question 44

Which of the following is a negative ramification of police discretion?

A)Relieves the criminal justice system of the need to handle all cases
B)None of these answers are accurate.
C)Increased justice
D)Increased discrimination

Question 45

The ________ places loyalty to fellow officers above all other values.

A)code red
B)blue code of silence
C)code of ethics
D)leap of faith

Question 46

When a police officer fails to provide equal protection,he is violating the ________ Amendment.

A)Fourteenth
B)First
C)Fifth
D)Fourth

Question 47

Police disregard for policies,rules,or laws in the performance of their duty is called ________.

A)private secularization
B)police integration
C)abuse of authority
D)privatization

Question 48

Police discretion is necessary because:

A)laws and policies are too strict and police need to be able to get around them.
B)there are so few laws and police have the authority to enforce these laws the way they see fit.
C)every incident must be dealt with in the same exact manner.
D)law and policies are vague and can be interpreted in many ways.

Question 49

The greatest influence on the decision to arrest is:

A)the readiness of the prosecutor to prosecute.
B)the workload of the police department.
C)the victim's preference for arrest.
D)the severity of the crime.

Question 50

Police view of themselves as a "band of brothers"-or "sisters"-against everyone else in society.This is known as ________.

A)discourse
B)community policing
C)fragmentation
D)siege mentality

Question 51

What is police organizational subculture?

A)It is the ability of a police department to control the crime in a neighborhood.
B)It is a set of norms and beliefs embraced by most officers in a given country.
C)It is the norms and beliefs particular to an individual police department.
D)It is the number of police departments that report to a sheriff's office.

Question 52

Training requirements for local law enforcement agencies are usually determined by:

A)the federal government.
B)the city.
C)international standards.
D)the state.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about the arrest of suspects?

A)Male suspects are more likely to be arrested than are females.
B)Black suspects are more likely to be arrested than are White suspects.
C)Juvenile suspects are more likely to be arrested than are adults.
D)Sober suspects are more likely to be arrested than are intoxicated suspects.

Question 54

Many studies by police departments have concluded that ________ drivers are disproportionately stopped by police.

A)elderly
B)Black
C)White
D)women

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of racial profiling?

A)Police set up a DUI checkpoint and stop every fifth vehicle,all of whom have Black drivers.
B)All of these answers are correct.
C)Police officers only stop people of color because of the perception that they are more likely to commit crime.
D)Police officers detain and question a Hispanic male because he fits the description of a suspect who just robbed a bank.

Question 56

________ allows officers to act in a manner they judge most appropriate in a given situation.

A)Fragmentation
B)Discretion
C)Privatization
D)Corruption

Question 57

What is police occupational subculture?

A)It is a set of norms and beliefs embraced by most officers in a given country.
B)It is the ability of a police department to control the crime in a neighborhood.
C)It is the norms and beliefs particular to an individual police department.
D)It is the number of police departments that report to a sheriff's office.

Question 58

Police arrest in only about ________ the cases in which evidence of a crime is present.

A)one-tenth
B)half
C)three-fourth
D)one-fourth

Question 59

________ is generally defined as misconduct motivated by personal gain.

A)Discretion
B)Siege mentality
C)Corruption
D)The blue code of silence

Question 60

Officer Blanc has seen her partner mistreat suspects and falsify police reports.Officer Blanc is unlikely to report the misbehavior of her partner because of:

A)simulation-based training.
B)privatization.
C)the blue code of silence.
D)the frankpledge system.

Question 61

The opposite of misconduct is:

A)solidarity.
B)discretion.
C)integrity.
D)respect.

Question 62

In the context of policing,________ refers to moral principles and professional standards that help officers resist the temptation to abuse their rights and privileges.

A)integrity
B)siege mentality
C)discretion
D)abuse of authority

Question 63

Only about ________ of agencies have early warning systems in the United States.

A)one-third
B)one-tenth
C)one-eighth
D)half

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true about the growth of private security in the United States?

A)There are now more sworn police officers than private security officers.
B)Sworn police officers equal the number of private security officers today.
C)There are an estimated three times more private security officers than public law enforcement officers.
D)Private security officers now handle all police investigations.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is FALSE about police corruption?

A)Corruption has a lot to do with individual factors.
B)Police occupational subculture explains why some officers are corrupt and others are not.
C)Some corrupt individuals manage to slip through the selection screening process.
D)Police occupational subculture helps explain why corruption exists.

Question 66

Which of the following is a key to a successful investigation of police misconduct?

A)All of these.
B)The intake process is color blind.
C)There are many channels through which a complaint can be filed.
D)People can register complaints with ease.

Question 67

What is privatization?

A)It is the process of a government financially bailing out a private company.
B)It is the process of a private company acquiring another private company.
C)It is the movement of individuals from one private company to the other.
D)It is the transfer of government programs and functions to the private sector.

Question 68

Detective Rivera worked as an undercover narcotics agent for many years.After several months of investigation,it was discovered that Detective Rivera was taking a lot of bribes from the individuals who smuggled narcotics.In this scenario,Rivera's action for personal gain is an example of ________.

A)corruption
B)the blue code of silence
C)brutality
D)siege mentality

Question 69

________ handle real and reported police misconduct.

A)SWAT units
B)Detectives
C)Chiefs
D)Internal affairs units

Question 70

A police department's internal affairs unit consists of ________.

A)citizen review board members
B)sworn personnel from outside agencies
C)members from a minor ethnical community
D)sworn personnel from within the agency