Deck 22: One Health: The Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

Question 1

Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called

A)decomposition.
B)synergism.
C)mineralization.
D)bioremediation.
E)recycling.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The presence of coliforms necessarily indicates the presence of fecal matter.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The most prominent Water-borne pathogens of recent times include all except

A)Giardia.
B)Cryptosporidium.
C)Campylobacter.
D)Salmonella.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which is the first step in water purification?

A)chlorination
B)aeration and settling
C)sedimentation
D)storage
E)filtration

Question 5

In the secondary phase of water treatment,organic matter undergoes biodegradation by a diverse mix of bacteria,algae,and protozoa.

Question 6

The breakdown of man-made compounds by decomposers is called

A)mineralization.
B)biodegradation.
C)decomposition.
D)parasitism.
E)saprobism.

Question 7

What chemical is used in both water purification and sewage treatment to give long-term disinfection?

A)fluorine
B)activated charcoal
C)copper sulfate
D)chlorine
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

There are very few viruses in aquatic environments.

Question 9

Alan is concerned about the drinking water in Brazil.What is a common pathogen that can cause a waterborne diarrheal illness?

A)Staphylococcus
B)Lactobacillus
C)Shigella spp.
D)All of the choices will cause diarrheal illness.

Question 10

You decide to educate Alan on markers of fecal contamination,as he said he is able to obtain a kit that will tell him if water is contaminated with feces.You tell him to be cautious,because the kit mainly indicates the presence of coliforms,but may not detect other potential fecal pathogens.Which of the following organisms are coliforms?

A)E. coli
B)Enterobacter
C)Citrobacter
D)All of the choices are coliforms.
E)coli

Question 11

In which step of water purification does water move through sand beds and activated charcoal?

A)chlorination
B)aeration and settling
C)sedimentation
D)storage
E)filtration

Question 12

The final step of sewage treatment before release into the environment is

A)sludge digesting.
B)skimming.
C)filtration.
D)chlorination.
E)aeration.

Question 13

Indicator bacteria are

A)coliforms.
B)enterococci.
C)evidence of fecal contamination.
D)used in water quality tests.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

The presence of fecal matter means that the body of water must be avoided,regardless of filtration.

Question 15

Potable water is

A)contaminated.
B)polluted.
C)safe to drink.
D)foul tasting.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 16

Jonathan has heard that all sewage is repurposed as drinking water.The thought disgusts him and his students.What is the truth about repurposed sewage?

A)It is all used as drinking water and is entirely safe.
B)It is fed to local cattle.
C)Most is repurposed for nonpotable usages.
D)It powers hydroelectric plants.

Question 17

A negative fecal coliform test means that no fecal contamination is present.

Question 18

What is the initial step in wastewater treatment?

A)skimming
B)sedimentation
C)sludging
D)digestion

Question 19

Primary sewage treatment includes

A)sludge digesting.
B)skimming.
C)filtration.
D)chlorination.
E)aeration.

Question 20

What type of bacteria is water screened for when determining its safety?

A)presence bacteria
B)indicator bacteria
C)confirming bacteria
D)yielding bacteria

Question 21

What two strategies are used in the United States to ensure potable drinking water?

A)filtration and chlorination
B)chlorination and gamma radiation
C)ultraviolet disinfection and filtration
D)pasteurization and chlorination
E)filtration and pasteurization

Question 22

Monitoring of drinking water and recreational water is done by testing for indicator bacteria.Indicator bacteria

A)are bacteria typically found in the mammalian mouth,nose,and throat.
B)are bacteria typically found in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract.
C)are bacteria known to proliferate in aquatic environments and fish.
D)are bacteria known to cause human disease.

Question 23

The reservoirs of West Nile virus are __________ and the vectors are __________.

A)birds;mosquitoes
B)birds;humans
C)humans;birds
D)mosquitoes;birds

Question 24

Which of the following atmospheric gases have been increasing in concentration and are believed to be contributors to climate change?

A)oxygen and carbon dioxide
B)hydrogen and carbon dioxide
C)nitrogen and oxygen
D)carbon dioxide and methane
E)methane and oxygen

Question 25

Which of the following bacteria would be most indicative of fecal contamination?

A)Staphyloccus aureus
B)Streptococcus pyogenes
C)
D)Enterobacter aerogenes
E)coli

Question 26

Which of the following viruses can be readily transmitted by contaminated food and water?

A)Hepatitis B virus
B)Hepatitis A virus
C)Hepatitis C virus
D)Herpes simplex virus
E)Varicella zoster virus

Question 27

An infectious disease typically seen among animals that may be acquired by humans is referred to as

A)zoophilic.
B)zoonotic.
C)nosocomial.
D)agronotic.

Question 28

Which individual successfully traced the source of a cholera outbreak in London to a particular contaminated well?

A)Louis Pasteur
B)John Snow
C)Robert Koch
D)Joseph Lister

Question 29

There are cities in the United States that obtain drinking water from the same river in which sewage was disposed of upstream.

Question 30

Which of the statements about the emergence of HIV/AIDS is incorrect?

A)It is likely that HIV/AIDS began as a zoonotic disease,evolving from SIV,the simian immunodeficiency virus.
B)HIV spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa via colonization and urbanization.
C)It is believed that HIV was spread to the United States from Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War.
D)The first cases of AIDS in the United States were seen in 1980.

Question 31

HIV did not begin to spread throughout the African continent until the 1970s.

Question 32

The incidence of which disease is most likely to be impacted as a result of increased rainfall?

A)malaria
B)Lyme disease
C)Salmonella gastroenteritis
D)hepatitis A

Question 33

Which of the following is least likely to transmit cholera?

A)human fecal contamination of drinking water supplies
B)run-off from large dairy and beef farms into water sources
C)human fecal contamination of water used to irrigate fruits and vegetable crops
D)human fecal contamination in water from which shellfish are harvested

Question 34

Most cases of human rabies outside of the United States result from exposure to

A)rabid bats.
B)rabid raccoons.
C)rabid dogs.
D)other rabid humans.

Question 35

The reduction in the number of human deaths due to rabies in the United States is attributed to

A)routine vaccination of humans for rabies.
B)decreased incidence of rabies in the wild animal population.
C)vaccination of dogs.
D)effective antiviral treatment of individuals exposed to rabies.

Question 36

Which gas is used as a mode of purification in the final phase of treatment?

A)hydrogen
B)carbon dioxide
C)ammonia
D)chlorine

Question 37

One of the goals of wastewater treatment is to _____________ the biological oxygen demand (BOD).

A)increase
B)decrease
C)neutralize

Question 38

West Nile virus is now found in every state except Hawaii and Alaska.

Question 39

Which of the following factors contributed to the emergence and spread of Lyme disease?

A)increase in deer and mouse populations
B)increase in deer tick populations
C)increase in new home developments in wooded areas
D)climate change
E)All of these factors are correct.

Question 40

The transmission of which diseases are dependent on maintenance of the mosquito vector?

A)malaria
B)Lyme disease
C)Cholera
D)West Nile virus - encephalitis
E)both malaria and West Nile virus encephalitis

Question 41

Which wastewater treatment process can generate methane which to be used as a fuel?

A)primary treatment
B)trickling filters
C)activated sludge process
D)anaerobic digestors

Question 42

Which term is used to describe a novel,chemically synthesized compound that does not occur naturally?

A)antibiotic
B)probiotic
C)autobiotic
D)xenobiotic
E)pseudobiotic

Question 43

As wastewater moves through the wastewater treatment process,its biological oxygen demand increases.

Question 44

The secondary phase of wastewater treatment is largely

A)physical.
B)biological.
C)chemical.
D)irradiation.

Question 45

After secondary treatment,treated wastewater can usually be safely released into nearby bodies of waters.

Question 46

Which of the following may be removed by tertiary water treatment?

A)ammonia
B)nitrate
C)phosphate
D)pathogenic microorganisms
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 47

The greater the amount of organic matter in wastewater,the _____________ its biological oxygen demand.

A)higher
B)lower

Question 48

Which of the following activities/processes depends upon the activities of microbes?

A)composting
B)wastewater treatment
C)bioremediation
D)biodegradation
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 49

The primary phase of wastewater treatment is

A)Removes harmful microorganisms.
B)Separates solid from liquid wastes.
C)Increases the biological oxygen demand.
D)Often uses ultraviolet radiation.

Question 50

The decomposition that occurs in a sanitary landfill is largely _________________.

A)aerobic
B)anaerobic

Question 51

Most of the oil released into the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon explosion was biodegraded by microorganisms.

Question 52

Backyard composting in either a pile or a bin is generally an _____________ process.

A)aerobic
B)anaerobic

Question 53

Agricultural water run-off,rich in nitrates,ammonia,and phosphates,may be treated to remove these chemicals so that the treated water does not support algal blooms.Such treatment is an example of

A)primary treatment.
B)secondary treatment.
C)tertiary treatment.

Question 54

The activated sludge step in wastewater treatment is an example of the

A)primary phase of wastewater treatment.
B)secondary phase of wastewater treatment.
C)tertiary phase of wastewater treatment.

Question 55

The primary phase of wastewater treatment is largely

A)physical.
B)biological.
C)chemical.
D)irradiation.

Question 56

Which term would be used to describe a compound totally resistant to microbial attack?

A)inert
B)recalcitrant
C)antibacterial
D)bioaccumulative

Question 57

Which of the following has been chemically modified to make it biodegradable?

A)glass
B)aluminum foil
C)styrofoam
D)laundry detergent

Question 58

Biodegradable plastics or plastic substitutes exist today that can be composted.

Question 59

Use of a trickling filter that sprays wastewater over rocks coated with bioflms which aerobically degrade organic matter is an example of

A)primary phase of wastewater treatment.
B)secondary phase of wastewater treatment.
C)tertiary phase of wastewater treatment.