Deck 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Question 1

The most common type of virus leading to rhinitis is

A)coronavirus.
B)adenovirus.
C)rhinovirus.
D)herpes simplex virus.
E)retrovirus.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except

A)a purulent exudate over the tonsils.
B)it can lead to scarlet fever if it is an erythrogenic toxin-producing strain.
C)it can lead to serious sequelae.
D)it is viral in origin.
E)it causes difficulty in swallowing and fever.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Infection travels to the middle ear by way of the

A)auditory canal.
B)sinuses.
C)nasal cavity.
D)eustachian (auditory)tubes.
E)subarachnoid space.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

A)alveoli
B)bronchi
C)bronchioles
D)trachea
E)sinuses

Question 5

Superantigens

A)include streptolysin O.
B)include erythrogenic toxin.
C)induce production of tumor necrosis factor.
D)can initiate a cascade of immune responses.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except

A)scarlet fever.
B)pertussis.
C)rheumatic fever.
D)glomerulonephritis.
E)erythrogenic rash.

Question 7

What features of the respiratory system protect us from infection?

A)nasal hairs
B)cilia
C)mucus
D)macrophages
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Normal biota of the upper respiratory tract include

A)Streptococcus pyogenes.
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C)Neisseria meningitidis.
D)Alpha-hemolytic streptococci.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

The most common causative agent of otitis media is

A)Aspergillus fumigatus.
B)Haemophilus influenzae.
C)Candida albicans.
D)Corynebacterium.
E)Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pyogenes?

A)group A streptococcus
B)gram positive
C)forms spores
D)sensitive to bacitracin
E)beta hemolytic

Question 11

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

A)mouth
B)nasal cavity
C)trachea
D)pharynx
E)larynx

Question 12

Normal biota of the upper respiratory tract include

A)Corynebacterium.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Haemophilus influenzae.
D)Staphlococcus aureus.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Cold viruses are transmitted by

A)droplet contact and indirect contact.
B)endogenous.
C)direct contact.
D)None of the choices is correct.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Rheumatic fever is caused by

A)a primary streptococcal infection with Streptococcus pyogenes.
B)a combination of infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and the rheumatic fever virus.
C)a secondary streptococcal infection with a different type of streptococcus.
D)an immunological cross-reaction in which anti-streptococcal antibodies target the heart.
E)both a primary viral infection and a secondary streptococcal infection.

Question 15

Normal biota of the lower respiratory tract include

A)Corynebacterium.
B)Candida albicans.
C)Haemophilus influenzae.
D)Staphlococcus aureus.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 16

Which antibody is concentrated in the respiratory tract?

A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG
D)IgM
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes include

A)polysaccharides on the cell wall.
B)lipoteichoic acid.
C)spiky M proteins.
D)hyaluronic acid capsule.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever are due to

A)enterotoxins.
B)hemolysins.
C)toxic shock syndrome toxin.
D)exfoliative toxin.
E)erythrogenic toxin.

Question 19

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract?

A)compete with pathogens for resources and space
B)microbial antagonism
C)provide antibodies
D)Both compete with pathogens for resources and space and microbial antagonism are correct.
E)Compete with pathogens for resources and space,microbial antagonism,and provide antibodies are all correct.

Question 20

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is

A)exotoxin.
B)direct contact.
C)indirect contact.
D)endogenous.
E)droplet contact.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

A)secondary infections can occur during the convalescent phase
B)caused by a small gram-positive rod
C)incubation period is 3-21 days
D)coldlike symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage
E)an uncontrollable cough occurs during the paroxysmal stage

Question 22

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?

A)All species are human pathogens.
B)Cell walls have waxy lipids.
C)They are acid fast.
D)Usually have a slow growth rate.
E)They are long,slender rods.

Question 23

Respiratory syncytial virus

A)causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger.
B)is highly contagious.
C)is transmitted through droplet contact and fomite contamination.
D)cannot be prevented by vaccination at this time.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

The causative organism of whooping cough is

A)Bordetella pertussis.
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C)Haemophilus influenzae.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Question 25

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is

A)catalase.
B)reverse transcriptase.
C)hyaluronidase
D)neuraminidase.
E)kinase.

Question 26

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a(n)

A)chest X ray.
B)acid-fast stain of sputum.
C)sputum culture.
D)tuberculin skin test.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

Extrapulmonary TB can involve the

A)kidneys.
B)long bones.
C)spine.
D)brain.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of

A)neutrophils.
B)basophils.
C)mononuclear cells.
D)polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
E)antibodies.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

A)endotoxin
B)tracheal cytotoxin
C)M protein
D)pertussis toxin
E)filamentous hemagglutinin

Question 30

Diphtherotoxin targets cells in the

A)pharynx and lungs.
B)lungs and heart.
C)heart and brain.
D)heart and nerves.
E)lungs and nerves.

Question 31

Which of the following causes a noncommunicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis?

A)Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
B)Mycobacterium kansasii
C)Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
D)Mycobacterium fortuitum complex
E)Mycobacterium marinum

Question 32

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except

A)live bacilli can remain dormant in the lungs and reactivate later in life.
B)symptoms of active TB include low-grade fever,coughing,fatigue,weight loss,and night sweats.
C)lung infection can disseminate to many other organs in extrapulmonary TB.
D)the BCG vaccine is used in other countries.
E)antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis.

Question 33

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is

A)its capsules.
B)metachromatic granules.
C)an exotoxin.
D)endospores.
E)an endotoxin.

Question 34

Tuberculin skin testing

A)injects PPD intradermally.
B)uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C)will be positive if the person has had previous exposure to TB.
D)will be positive if the person has active TB.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 35

Pertussis has the following characteristics except

A)the disease progresses through several distinct stages.
B)the catarrhal stage has persistent,hacking coughs with "whoops."
C)the early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing.
D)DTaP immunization will prevent it.
E)transmission is by droplet contact.

Question 36

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in

A)diphtheria.
B)pharyngitis.
C)tuberculosis.
D)pertussis.
E)SARS.

Question 37

Which of the following pertains to diphtheria?

A)results in meningitis
B)symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea
C)can be transmitted from mother's birth canal to neonate
D)prevented by the DTaP immunization
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

Influenza vaccines include all the following except

A)an inactivated dead virus.
B)the incorporation of usually three different strains.
C)an attenuated nasal drops vaccine.
D)the ability to provide lifelong immunity.
E)an overall effectiveness of 70%-90%.

Question 39

Symptoms of influenza include

A)nasal discharge,mild fever,and absence of cough.
B)fever,diarrhea,and vomiting.
C)fever,myalgia,sore throat,cough,and nasal discharge.
D)fever,sore throat,rash,and cough.
E)fever and pneumonia.

Question 40

Which of the following is not true of influenza?

A)It has glycoprotein spikes of hemagglutinin (H)and neuraminidase (N).
B)Antigenic drift which changes the antigens to reduce immune recognition.
C)Antigenic shift causes changes in the RNA strands.
D)Symptoms are very similar to the common cold.
E)The virus can infect both humans and swine.

Question 41

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except

A)a reservoir is human carriers.
B)it is a zoonotic infection.
C)the symptoms are abrupt fever,lung edema,respiratory distress,and hypotension.
D)it is transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta.
E)the first U.S.outbreak occurred in 1993 in the Southwest.

Question 42

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

Question 43

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients.

A)Cryptococcus neoformans
B)Candida albicans
C)Malassezia furfur
D)Pneumocystis (carinii)jiroveci
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 44

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the

A)Southeast.
B)Southwest.
C)East and Midwest.
D)Northeast.
E)Rocky Mountains.

Question 45

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

Question 46

Influenza is predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

Question 47

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________,or __________ ,a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

A)antigenic shift,antigenic drift
B)antigenic drift,antigenic shift
C)None of these is correct.

Question 48

An induration of less than 5 mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

Question 49

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas,air conditioners,cooling towers,and supermarket vegetable misters?

A)legionellosis
B)pertussis
C)brucellosis
D)plague
E)traveler's diarrhea

Question 50

When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions,they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)necrotic caseous
D)granuloma
E)tertiary

Question 51

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of the following except

A)influenza.
B)rhinitis.
C)legionella.
D)diphtheria.
E)All involve respiratory secretions.

Question 52

Antibiotic treatment for otitis media is standard procedure today.

Question 53

Legionella pneumophila

A)is easily killed by chlorine.
B)often lives intracellularly in amoebas.
C)is transmitted through the soil.
D)always causes a severe pneumonia.
E)is a gram-positive bacterium.

Question 54

Treatment for diphtheria requires only penicillin or erythromycin.

Question 55

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test.

Question 56

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger.

Question 57

Pertussis outbreaks still occur in the United States.

Question 58

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include

A)it grows in moist soil;rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings.
B)it is a yeast with a capsule.
C)it is commonly found in the southwestern United States.
D)it always results in severe infections.
E)its transmission occurs through water droplets.

Question 59

Streptococcus pneumoniae is

A)alpha-hemolytic on blood agar.
B)often referred to as pneumococcus.
C)a gram-positive diplococcus with a capsule.
D)most likely to cause infection in older adults.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with

A)penicillin v.
B)eryrthromycin.
C)tetracyline.
D)vancomycin.
E)cefotaxime.

Question 61

You inform the patient of her condition and tell her that the symptoms she developed were so severe due to the pathogen's production of an exotoxin.In explaining the role of exotoxin in the pathogenesis of her disease,you correctly state that the exotoxin

A)is encoded by the bacterium's own genetic material (DNA).
B)is encoded by a prion of the bacterium.
C)is encoded by a bacteriophage of the bacterium.
D)is encoded by a retrovirus of the bacterium.

Question 62

Suspecting the patient has the flu,you are ordered to obtain which specimen for rapid testing at an external laboratory?

A)blood
B)cerebrospinal fluid
C)nasal swab
D)skin scraping

Question 63

Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of only normal biota in the patient specimen.Based upon this information,all but which of the following microbes could be ruled out in the diagnosis?

A)Streptococcus pyogenes
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Haemophilus influenzae
D)influenza A

Question 64

The patient's condition is worsening quite rapidly.You report the laboratory findings to the on-call physician.Even without laboratory confirmation,she orders you to begin which course of treatment?

A)administration of rimantadine to treat the patient's suspected influenza
B)administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treat the patient's suspected PCP
C)administration of ciprofloxacin to treat the patient's suspected pulmonary anthrax
D)administration of antitoxin to treat the patient's suspected diphtheria

Question 65

The major reservoir for the hantavirus is the deer mouse.

Question 66

Medical professionals actually observe MDRTB patients take their medicine through a program called DOT.

Question 67

Staining of the specimen from the throat swab revealed the presence of distinct gram-positive club-shaped bacilli.The laboratory technician immediately contacts the local health department and begins the process of submitting specimens for PCR testing to the CDC.The suspected pathogen is
A)

A)influenza
B)Pneumocystis (carinii)jiroveci.
C)Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
D)Bacillus anthracis.

Question 68

A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease.

Question 69

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

Question 70

The laboratory technician informs you of the initial information on the pathogen,but tells you that culturing on specialized media will be required for definitive identification of the microbe.Which medium will the technicians use to most efficiently culture this suspected pathogen?

A)tellurite medium
B)mannitol salt agar
C)eosin methylene blue agar
D)None of the choices is correct.This pathogen must be propagated using tissue culture.

Question 71

You come to work the next day to find the laboratory report on your patient.It concludes that the child was infected with influenza B virus.The physician has left you a message to call in a script for which medication for the child?

A)amantadine
B)rimantadine
C)acyclovir
D)oseltamivir

Question 72

Looking at the patient's medical records,you notice a significant piece of information: the patient has not received routine medical screening and treatment in the past 15 years.You immediately understand that this patient could have been spared the effects of this preventable disease by staying up to date on which vaccination?

A)MMR
B)DTaP
C)Tdap
D)BCG