Deck 23: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Question 1

Which of the following organisms causes urinary tract infections?

A)Proteus mirabilis
B)Schistosoma haematobium
C)Treponema pallidum
D)group B Streptococcus
E)Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Schistosomiasis

A)requires abraded skin for larval entry.
B)has no effective treatment at this time.
C)predisposes victims to bladder cancer.
D)predisposes victims to liver cancer.
E)is transmitted via the fecal-oral route.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Candida albicans is a

A)fungus.
B)bacterium.
C)helminth.
D)protozoan.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most common mode of disease transmission in UTIs is

A)fomites.
B)indirect contact.
C)opportunism.
D)aerosol.
E)endogenous transfer.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal biota of the female reproductive tract during childbearing years?

A)Vaginal pH is neutral.
B)Estrogen causes glycogen release.
C)Lactobacilli convert sugars to acid.
D)Candida albicans is present in small amounts.
E)Secretory IgA provides protection.

Question 6

The most common causative agent of urinary tract infections is

A)Escherichia coli O157:H7.
B)Escherichia coli.
C)Staphylococcus aureus.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Pseudomonas aeurginosa.

Question 7

The predominant microorganism in the female reproductive tract during childbearing years is

A)Corynebacterium.
B)Staphylococcus.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)Lactobacillus.
E)Candida albicans.

Question 8

Normal biota of the male urethra includes:

A)nonhemolytic Streptococcus.
B)Staphylococcus.
C)Corynebacterium.
D)Escherichia coli.
E)Prevotella.

Question 9

Leptospirosis exhibits all of the following characteristics except

A)most common in cattle,horses,pigs,and dogs.
B)pathogen is a spirochete.
C)infects kidneys,liver,brain,and eyes.
D)humans acquire it by contact with abraided skin or mucous membranes.
E)can be transmitted by animal bites.

Question 10

All of the following are signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections except

A)red blood cells in urine.
B)painful urination.
C)white blood cells in urine.
D)nausea.
E)diarrhea.

Question 11

The most common cause of vaginitis is

A)Candida albicans.
B)Escherichia coli.
C)Staphlococcus aureus.
D)Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Question 12

Normal biota of the urethra include all of the following except

A)nonhemolytic Streptococcus.
B)Staphylococcus.
C)Corynebacterium.
D)Escherichia coli.
E)Lactobacillus.

Question 13

Infection of the urinary bladder is called

A)urethritis.
B)pyelonephritis.
C)cystitis.
D)vaginitis.
E)PID.

Question 14

Which of the following is a/are good prevention method/s for reducing the risk of developing UTIs?

A)avoid sharing living space with infected individuals
B)good personal hygiene
C)flush tract with alcohol regularly
D)drink cranberry juice
E)Both good personal hygiene and drink cranberry juice are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a defense of the genitourinary tract?

A)flushing action of urine
B)lysozyme
C)IgA
D)IgG
E)mucous secretions

Question 16

Lactobacillus in the female reproductive tract

A)is protective.
B)is indicative of underlying infection.
C)is the causative agent in common yeast infections.
D)can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.
E)can contribute to STIs.

Question 17

Infected animals shed Leptospira interrogans in their

A)feces.
B)blood.
C)urine.
D)respiratory secretions.
E)saliva.

Question 18

The most common mode of transmission of Schistosoma haematobium is

A)fomites.
B)contaminated water.
C)fecal-oral route.
D)opportunism.
E)contaminated meat.

Question 19

Trichomonas vaginalis

A)does not produce cysts.
B)in males,causes urethritis.
C)in females,causes vaginitis with a foul-smelling discharge.
D)has four flagella and an undulating membrane.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Leptospirosis

A)has only humans as a reservoir.
B)is communicable.
C)can be contracted from the environment.
D)is strictly transmitted by sexual contact.
E)is contracted by the fecal-oral route.

Question 21

The most commonly reported STI in the United States is

A)gonorrhea.
B)chlamydia.
C)genital herpes.
D)syphilis.
E)HIV.

Question 22

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

A)nongonococcal urethritis in males.
B)cervicitis in females.
C)congenital conjunctivitis.
D)pelvic inflammatory disease in females.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

The best way to directly observe spirochetes is through _____ microscopy.

A)bright-field
B)dark-field
C)fluorescent
D)phase contrast
E)electron scanning

Question 24

All of the following pertain to gonorrhea except

A)a chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry.
B)it is a sexually transmitted disease.
C)pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),epididymitis,and infertility are complications.
D)that females can have asymptomatic infections.
E)symptoms include painful urination and discharge.

Question 25

The chancre of syphilis

A)occurs due to small hemorrhaging of capillaries.
B)is very painful.
C)occurs during the tertiary stage.
D)develops into a lesion with firm margins and an ulcerated central crater.

Question 26

The following are characteristics of Chlamydia except

A)gram-negative.
B)obligate parasites that need host cells for growth.
C)elementary bodies are the infectious form.
D)elementary bodies lack enzyme systems for making ATP.
E)reticulate bodies differentiate into elementary bodies.

Question 27

Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)latent

Question 28

Which of the following is classified as the causative agent of a discharge disease?

A)Leptospira interrorgans
B)Treponema pallidum
C)Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D)Schistosoma haematobium
E)herpes simplex virus 2

Question 29

Treponema pallidum

A)has humans as the reservoir.
B)can cross the placenta.
C)has a hooked tip to attach to epithelium.
D)is transmitted by direct sexual contact.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Pelvic inflammatory disease often leads to

A)ovarian cancer.
B)uterine cancer.
C)cervical cancer.
D)infertility.
E)kidney cancer.

Question 31

During which stage of syphilis does fever,lymphadenopathy,and a red to brown rash occur?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)latent

Question 32

Pelvic inflammatory disease results from infection of the

A)vagina.
B)fallopian tubes.
C)ovaries.
D)Both vagina and fallopian tubes are correct.
E)Both fallopian tubes and ovaries are correct.

Question 33

Which of the following is not true of prostatitis?

A)caused by GI tract biota
B)can be chronic or acute
C)The specific agent is easy to determine.
D)Patients may be very ill with the acute form.
E)accompanied by pain and frequent,difficult urination

Question 34

The leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease is

A)gonorrhea.
B)chlamydia.
C)genital herpes.
D)syphilis.
E)HIV.

Question 35

The primary virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is

A)endotoxin.
B)exotoxin.
C)kinase.
D)fimbriae.

Question 36

Lymphogranuloma venereum is a complication of

A)gonorrhea.
B)chlamydia.
C)genital herpes.
D)syphilis.
E)HIV.

Question 37

The secondary stage of syphilis

A)is when the patient is no longer infectious to others.
B)occurs within 10 days of the primary stage.
C)is a time when the pathogen enters and multiplies in the blood.
D)has no symptoms.
E)is when gummas develop in tissues.

Question 38

Which is not a characteristic of spirochetes?

A)all pathogenic
B)gram-negative
C)helical shape
D)always motile
E)have a cell wall

Question 39

Trichomonas vaginalis is a

A)fungus.
B)bacterium.
C)helminth.
D)protozoan.

Question 40

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is

A)the cause of ophthalmia neonatorum.
B)the cause of gonorrhea.
C)called the gonococcus.
D)virulent due to fimbriae and a protease that inactivates IgA.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 41

Warts are caused by

A)bacteria.
B)enveloped DNA viruses.
C)nonenveloped DNA viruses.
D)enveloped RNA viruses.
E)nonenveloped RNA viruses.

Question 42

Chlamydia is a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause intrauterine infection.

Question 43

Syphilitic tumors called _____ develop in the liver,skin,bone,and cartilage during the tertiary stage of syphilis.

A)chancres
B)gummas
C)ulcers
D)nodules

Question 44

All of the following pertain to genital warts except

A)are not common in the United States.
B)are sexually transmitted.
C)often occur on the penis,vagina,and cervix.
D)includes large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminate.
E)certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis.

Question 45

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex-1 infection is

A)shingles.
B)paralysis.
C)encephalitis.
D)myocarditis.
E)kidney failure.

Question 46

Chlamydia trachomatis is commonly transmitted by direct sexual activity.

Question 47

Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2?

A)interferon
B)valacyclovir
C)acyclovir
D)famciclovir

Question 48

Which of the following has not been an effective treatment for syphilis?

A)mercury
B)arsenic
C)iodine
D)penicillin G
E)ampicillin

Question 49

Herpes zoster is the causative agent for

A)oral herpes.
B)genital herpes.
C)shingles.
D)mononucleosis.

Question 50

Chancroid

A)is caused by Treponema pallidum.
B)is caused by a spirochete.
C)presents with a hard chancre.
D)is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
E)is very painful in both sexes.

Question 51

Herpes simplex I

A)is exclusive to oral mucosa.
B)is exclusive to genitourinary tract.
C)confers immunity to herpes simplex II.
D)is cleared by acyclovir.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 52

The rash of secondary syphilis

A)causes severe itching.
B)is intensely painful.
C)only lasts a few days.
D)can last for months.
E)does not impair function.

Question 53

All of the following are true for HSV-2 (genital herpes)except

A)becomes latent in sacral ganglion.
B)virus is only shed from active lesions.
C)is reactivated by bacterial infections.
D)can infect oral mucosa.

Question 54

The latency period of syphilis is

A)3 to 6 months.
B)1 year.
C)10 years.
D)up to 20 years or longer.

Question 55

Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2)causes

A)genital lesions.
B)intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals.
C)symptoms that include urethritis,cervicitis,and itching.
D)infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 56

Which group is at greatest risk for group B Streptococcus infection?

A)pregnant women
B)neonates
C)21 year old females
D)21 year old males
E)the elderly

Question 57

The Tuskegee Study gathered information on

A)gonorrhea.
B)chlamydia.
C)genital herpes.
D)syphilis.
E)HIV.

Question 58

Chlamydia infection can lead to cervicitis,salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 59

Even after a positive test for a microbial cause,prostatitis is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.Why?

A)It is a viral infection.
B)Induced drug side-effects are too great.
C)Mixed biofilms are hard to eliminate with antibiotics.
D)The infection is sporadic.

Question 60

Which of the following is/are characteristic/s that can be utilized to distinguish between vaginitis and vaginosis?

A)causative agent
B)presence of vaginal inflammation
C)presence of discharge
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 61

You,a 29 year old sexually active male,have discovered some small little vesicles on the penis.They are fluid-filled,red,and very painful.This is the second time that you have seen this symptoms.The first time around,about 2 months ago,you saw them but managed to ignore them.The lesions went away--no doctor,no treatment.But here they are again.You think that perhaps this disease was picked up six months ago,the last time that you had sex.Identify the disease.

A)HSV-1 infection
B)HSV-2 infections
C)candidiasis
D)syphilis
E)chlamydia

Question 62

If you had the ability to change one characteristic of Treponema pallidum or its disease syphilis,in order to reduce symptoms or complications of the disease,what would it be?

A)eliminate the possibility of cancer development related to the disease
B)eliminate the third stage of the disease
C)come up with a treatment for the disease because there is not one at present
D)reduce the possibility that the syphilitic patient then gets zoster

Question 63

Gardasil prevents infection by group B Streptococcus types 6,11,16,and 18.

Question 64

Why does the flora of the reproductive tract change as the female ages,from childhood to adulthood to old age?

A)Her estrogen and progesterone levels change over time.
B)The pH of the vagina will change over her lifetime.
C)The flora in the vagina change the environment,which can affect the populations of microorganisms living there.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 65

You and your husband have been trying to get pregnant for a few years,but there appears to be a medical cause for the infertility.After a full checkup,your doctor tells you that she has found a lot scar tissue in the uterine tubes.What disease did you most likely have that created this problem for you now?

A)trichomoniasis
B)syphilis
C)gonorrhea
D)leptospirosis

Question 66

There is a controversy over young teenage girls receiving the HPV vaccine.Many parents think that giving this vaccine somehow condones having sex at a young age.On the other hand,there are parents who do not want their kids to pick up STIs,if possible.Why is the vaccine recommended for 11-12 year old girls? Why not give the vaccine to young adult women who are just becoming sexually active?

A)The immune system is strongest in pre-teen girls,so it is best to give the vaccine very early in life.
B)Very young women tend to get cancer from HPV,whereas women who are older get warts from HPV.
C)The vaccine is cheaper for young girls since the dosage of virus in the vaccine is far less than that given for older women.
D)Once the young woman becomes infected with HPV,the vaccine gets into cells.It is then too late to vaccine,in order to turn on the immune system.

Question 67

You wife is pregnant and has just had a whole set of tests run.Her results came back positive for an infection that would likely be damaging for the newborn,so her doctor wants to give her an antibiotic.What organism is the culprit here?

A)herpes simplex 2
B)Streptococcus group B
C)Leptospira
D)Trichomonas

Question 68

The antivirals used for herpes simplex infections have the ability to completely destroy the virus and permanently cure the latent infection.

Question 69

The patient's symptoms are pain when urinating as well as blood in the urine.No bacteria are cultured form the urine specimen.The doctor has had a change of mind about the cause of the infection and thinks that it might be schistosomiasis.What is the question that the doctor asked the patient that gave him a clue about the potential disease?

A)Have you had a blood transfusion?
B)Have you been eating at suspect places that might not be hygienic?
C)Have you traveled out of the U.S.?
D)Have you been having unprotected sex?

Question 70

Which statement is true regarding the male urethral flora?

A)There are no resident flora in the urethra.
B)The urethral flora varies with sexual activity of the male.
C)The urethral flora is the same as the anal flora.
D)The urethral flora in the male is exactly the same flora as in the female urethra.

Question 71

You have been a carrier of HSV-2 for many years,with sporadic outbreaks perhaps once a year.You are pregnant,and about to deliver your baby.What does your doctor suggest,now that you currently have an outbreak of herpes lesions?

A)have an abortion
B)deliver the baby and put it on high dose antivirals
C)give you high dose antibiotics,such as penicillin
D)cesarean section

Question 72

Janey has been taking antibiotics for 10 days,to counter a urinary tract infection caused by

A)Candida albicans
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Lactobacillus acidophilus
D)Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E)coli.Her UTI is eliminated,but two weeks later she has an infection.What is the likely infectious agent?

Question 73

A woman is much more likely than a man to have a UTI.Which activity would lower her chances of getting a UTI?

A)using birth control pills
B)do not wear tight-fitting clothes
C)take daily antibiotics
D)using toilet paper in a front-to-back direction

Question 74

The key characteristic of the herpes family of viruses is:

A)their ability to transform normal cells into cancer cells.
B)the ability to stay in host cells without producing symptoms.
C)its ability to cause organ death.
D)its propensity to destroy bone marrow.

Question 75

Group B Streptococcus infections can cause serious infections in infants through vertical transmission.