Deck 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the

A)epicardium.
B)myocardium.
C)endocardium.
D)pericardium.
E)ectocardium.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not associated with septicemia?

A)fever and shaking chills
B)respiratory acidosis
C)endotoxic shock
D)parenteral or endogenous transfer
E)drop in blood pressure

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Plague exhibits a:

A)septicemic form - called black death.
B)bubonic form - buboes develop.
C)pneumonic form - sputum highly contagious.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Most cases of septicemia are caused by

A)fungi.
B)viruses.
C)prions.
D)bacteria.
E)protozoans.

Question 5

Control of rodent populations is important for preventing

A)brucellosis.
B)plague.
C)malaria.
D)Q fever.

Question 6

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except

A)occurs in patients that have prior heart damage.
B)caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue.
C)oral bacteria get introduced by dental procedures to the blood.
D)bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in biofilm growth.
E)signs and symptoms include fever,heart murmur,and possible emboli.

Question 7

Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis?

A)exhibits bipolar staining
B)gram-negative rod
C)produces coagulase
D)has a capsule
E)produces enterotoxin

Question 8

______ occurs when microbes flourish and grow in the blood stream.

A)Viremia
B)Fungemia
C)Hemovirus
D)Bacteremia
E)Septicemia

Question 9

The causative agent of Lyme disease is

A)Ixodes scapularis
B)Borrelia hermsii.
C)Borrelia burgdorferi.
D)Ixodes pacificus.
E)Leptospira interrogans.

Question 10

Lyme disease involves

A)early symptoms of fever,headache,and stiff neck.
B)crippling polyarthritis,and cardiovascular and neurological problems.
C)people having contact with wooded or forested areas.
D)treatment with antimicrobials.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

The white-footed mouse,deer,and deer ticks are important to maintaining the zoonotic transmission cycle associated with

A)Lyme disease.
B)yellow fever.
C)Q fever.
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E)plague.

Question 12

Which is not a characteristic of tularemia?

A)a zoonosis
B)transmission by arthropod vectors
C)a gram-positive bacterium
D)symptoms include fever,swollen lymph nodes,ulcerative lesions,conjunctivitis,and pneumonia
E)sometimes called rabbit fever

Question 13

The most common causative agent of acute endocarditis is

A)Staphylococcus aureus.
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C)Streptococcus pyogenes.
D)Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 14

Erythema migrans,a bull's-eye rash,at the portal of entry is associated with

A)plague.
B)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
C)Q fever.
D)Lyme disease.
E)yellow fever.

Question 15

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through

A)ingestion.
B)parenteral entry.
C)casual contact.
D)droplets.
E)fomites.

Question 16

All of the following are associated with bubonic plague except

A)transmitted by human feces.
B)caused by Yersinia pestis.
C)patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
D)patient has fever,headache,nausea,and weakness.
E)can progress to a septicemia.

Question 17

Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of

A)tularemia.
B)anthrax.
C)malaria.
D)brucellosis.
E)mononucleosis.

Question 18

Yersinia pestis

A)was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent.
B)has humans as an endemic reservoir.
C)does not respond to antimicrobial drugs.
D)is usually transmitted by a flea vector.

Question 19

The presence of viruses in the blood is called

A)viremia.
B)fungemia.
C)hemovirus.
D)bacteremia.
E)septicemia.

Question 20

Bubonic plague is transmitted by

A)mosquitoes.
B)flies.
C)animal bites.
D)sexual contact.
E)fleas.

Question 21

Cat scratch disease can be prevented by

A)avoiding ticks.
B)pasteurizing milk.
C)vaccine.
D)animal control.
E)cleaning the scratch wound.

Question 22

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A)is seen in highest numbers along the west coast.
B)is transmitted by Ixodes ticks.
C)symptoms include fever,headache,and rash.
D)never has severe complications.

Question 23

Yellow fever and dengue fever are

A)caused by arboviruses.
B)caused by viruses that disrupt capillaries and blood clotting.
C)caused by a single-stranded RNA virus.
D)transmitted by a mosquito vector.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

The reservoir for Lassa fever is the

A)monkey.
B)rat.
C)gorilla.
D)cat.
E)cow.

Question 25

Epstein-Barr virus has all of the following characteristics except it

A)is only found to infect 5% of the world's population.
B)is transmitted by direct,oral contact and saliva.
C)produces sudden leukocytosis.
D)has a 30-50 day incubation
E)can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants.

Question 26

Cytomegalovirus

A)causes the most prevalent fetal infection.
B)is transmitted by saliva,mucus,milk,urine,semen,cervical secretions,and feces.
C)can be sexually transmitted.
D)is commonly carried in the latent state.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include

A)vesicular lesions in oral mucosa.
B)fever and pocks on skin.
C)sore throat,fever,cervical lymphadenopathy,and splenomegaly.
D)fever,severe diarrhea,pneumonitis,hepatitis,and retinitis.

Question 28

Brucellosis is

A)a zoonosis.
B)seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever,with headache,muscle pain and weakness.
C)associated with the pathogen in the blood.
D)an occupational illness of people who work with animals.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

A)yellow fever
B)trench fever
C)Q fever
D)Rocky mountain spotted fever
E)cat-scratch fever

Question 30

Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent

A)tularemia.
B)plague.
C)endocarditis.
D)brucellosis.
E)mononucleosis.

Question 31

Lyme disease is transmitted by

A)flies.
B)droplets.
C)lice.
D)fleas.
E)ticks.

Question 32

The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from cat bites or scratches is

A)Salmonella typhimurium.
B)Yersinia enterocolitica.
C)Bartonella henselae.
D)Brucella suis.
E)Francisella tularensis.

Question 33

Transmission of which disease requires direct contact with infected body fluids?

A)yellow fever
B)dengue fever
C)Q fever
D)Lassa fever
E)trench fever

Question 34

Which is incorrect regarding Q fever?

A)transmitted by lice
B)pathogen produces resistant endospore-like structures
C)humans infected from unpasteurized milk and airborne spread
D)causes fever,muscle aches,rash,and sometimes pneumonia
E)is a zoonosis

Question 35

Which type of hemorrhagic fever can be treated with ribavirin?

A)Lassa fever
B)Ebola
C)Marburg
D)dengue fever
E)yellow fever

Question 36

The patients at greatest risk for severe cytomegalovirus infection include all of the following except

A)diabetics.
B)organ transplant patients.
C)infants infected in utero.
D)AIDS patients.
E)babies.

Question 37

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in bones?

A)Lassa fever
B)Ebola
C)Marburg
D)dengue fever
E)yellow fever

Question 38

All of the following pertain to erhlichiosis except that

A)it is transmitted by Ixodes ticks.
B)it is diagnosed by PCR or indirect fluorescent assay.
C)treatment requires an extensive course of antibiotics.
D)symptoms include fever,headache,and muscle pains.
E)it often coinfects with Borrelia burgdorferi.

Question 39

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Yersinia pestis - plague
B)Coxiella burnetii - Q fever
C)Bartonella quintana - trench fever
D)Bartonella henselae - cat-scratch disease
E)Rickettsia typhi - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 40

Which of the following is not true of Ebola and Marburg?

A)caused by filoviruses
B)causes disruption of clotting factors
C)transmitted by direct contact with body fluids
D)transmitted by mosquitoes
E)There is no treatment.

Question 41

A common cardiovascular / lymphatic system disease in AIDS patients is

A)acute endocarditis.
B)Burkitt's lymphoma.
C)cytomegalovirus.
D)ehrlichioses.
E)brucellosis.

Question 42

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48- to 72-hour episodes in a malaria patient are

A)bloody,mucus-filled stools,fever,diarrhea,and weight loss.
B)fever,swollen lymph nodes,and joint pain.
C)urinary frequency and pain,and vaginal discharge.
D)chills,fever,and sweating.
E)sore throat,low grade fever,and swollen lymph nodes.

Question 43

Malaria may be prevented by

A)using bed nets sprayed with insecticide.
B)eliminating standing water.
C)taking prophylactic drugs.
D)using interfering RNA in mosquitoes.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 44

Documented transmission of HIV involves

A)mosquitoes.
B)unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products.
C)respiratory droplets.
D)contaminated food.

Question 45

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except

A)have an immunodeficiency.
B)have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm³ of blood.
C)get repeated,life-threatening,opportunistic infections.
D)can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders.
E)highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States.

Question 46

The preferred treatment for anthrax is

A)penicillin.
B)ciprofloxacin.
C)quinine.
D)doxycycline.
E)treatment is decided after consultation with the CDC.

Question 47

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all of the following except

A)capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors.
B)anaerobic.
C)reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil.
D)gram-positive bacillus.
E)endospore-former.

Question 48

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)

A)is caused by the retrovirus,HTLV II.
B)is an overall leukopenia but with an increased number of neoplastic B lymphocytes.
C)is a persistent lymphocytosis with large,atypical lymphocytes that is progressive and fatal.
D)causes afflicted lymphocytes to have pseudopod-like extensions.
E)is treated with alpha interferon to achieve remission.

Question 49

Which drugs interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus?

A)reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)protease inhibitors
C)fusion inhibitors
D)integrase inhibitors

Question 50

The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by

A)liver cell lysis.
B)white blood cell lysis.
C)red blood cell lysis.
D)neurological involvement.

Question 51

Which new class of drugs will interfere with docking onto host cells?

A)reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)protease inhibitors
C)fusion inhibitors
D)integrase inhibitors
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 52

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is

A)leukemia.
B)Hodgkin's lymphoma.
C)Kaposi's sarcoma.
D)melanoma.
E)myeloma.

Question 53

The causative organism of malaria is a

A)bacterium.
B)virus.
C)fungus.
D)protozoan.
E)prion.

Question 54

Anthrax is

A)a zoonosis.
B)transmitted by contact,inhalation,and ingestion.
C)a disease that,in humans,can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia.
D)only seen sporadically in the United States.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 55

All of the following pertain to HIV except

A)the virus attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors.
B)viral DNA integrates into the host DNA.
C)the virus becomes latent in host cells.
D)ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens.
E)the virus can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities.

Question 56

Select the statement that most accurately reflects Chagas disease:

A)caused by a fungal pathogen
B)transmitted by respiratory droplets
C)an effective vaccine is available for prevention in endemic areas
D)late-stage disease is characterized by autoimmune reactions in the host

Question 57

Retroviruses have all of the following characteristics except

A)glycoprotein spikes.
B)a DNA genome.
C)they are enveloped.
D)they make reverse transcriptase.
E)the viral genes integrate into the host genome.

Question 58

Which of the following bacterial infection/s has/have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis?

A)Bacillus anthracis
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Chlamydia trachomatis
D)Chlamydophila pneumoniae
E)Both Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae are correct.

Question 59

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems have no normal biota.

Question 60

Which is incorrect about malaria?

A)Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells.
B)Trophozoites develop in RBCs.
C)The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites.
D)Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human.

Question 61

Sitting in the blood donation facility,you are filling out a lengthy information form.The form asks various questions about your history and what diseases and problems you have had during your lifetime.You are mystified when you come upon the question about whether you have ever had malaria or visted a country that had malaria.Why are they interested in this?

A)Blood donation facilities test for a huge variety of pathogens and this is just one of those tested for.The information given by the prospective donor ahead of time saves the staff time in testing the blood.
B)Some malarial parasites can persist in the liver,and,as a result,could be in your blood donation and be transferred to a recipient.
C)Some blood recipients are very suscetible to malaria,and some are not.If you have malaria,the staff would rather give your blood to specific kinds of recipients that need blood.
D)If you are infected with malaria,you are probably also infected with HIV.That in itself would worry the blood donation staff.

Question 62

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme,Connecticut.

Question 63

A blood specimen from the patient has been taken by the doctor,with which he made a blood smear on a microscope slide.The doctor takes the blood smear down the hall to one of the labs where he uses a regular light microscope to survey the blood,after staining.Which of these diseases would likely be identified in this way?

A)Chaga's disease
B)Ebola hemorrhagic fever
C)Dengue fever
D)HIV

Question 64

Under normal healthy circumstances,the lymphatic system filters any microorganisms present.

Question 65

Having had unprotected sex with a guy you met at a party over the weekend,you are now feeling very apprehensive and worried about what you might have been exposed to during this time.A week and a half later,you are still concerned and talk to your doctor about getting an HIV test.What does your doctor say to you?

A)The antibody that would be produced by your immune system in respone to HIV exposure has not been produced yet,so a test will come back negative.Wait for a couple more weeks until being test.
B)It is not likely that you picked up HIV since the transmission from men to women is far lower than transmission from men to men.Therefore,you are pretty safe.
C)The antibiotics that you have been taking for a urinary tract infection will also destroy the HIV that you might have been exposed to,so no worries about an infection.
D)You have a really strong immune system,considering that you have never had any kind of infection before.So it would seem that you cannot be infected by HIV.

Question 66

Plague is a quarantinable disease.

Question 67

The highest numbers of cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever occur along the eastern seaboard.

Question 68

Your patient has just returned to the east coast of the U.S.from a hiking/camping vacation,experiencing symptoms of an infection--high fever,swollen lymph nodes,black-and-blue marks or hemorrhages under the skin.Your doctor asks you if you have been in the four corners area of the U.S.--where the states of Arizona,Colorado,New Mexico,and Utah all meet.Why does the dcotor ask you this?

A)Since there are many mosquitoes in that area,the doctor thinks that you might have picked up the Plasmodium pathogen.
B)Those 4 states have a very high rate of yellow fever,which is what the doctor suspects that you have.
C)The doctor thinks that you might have picked up the plague bacterium from fleas that normally feed on rodents in that area.
D)Hemmorhagic fever is often associated with bats in that region of the U.S.

Question 69

Ehrlichiosis,Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever,yellow fever,dengue fever,and tularemia are all infectious diseases.What is the commonality among them?

A)They are all bacterial diseases.
B)All of these diseases are associated with the mountainous states in the western U.S.
C)All of these diseases are associated with people having immune deficiencies.
D)They all have arthropod vectors.

Question 70

Rifampin is the drug of choice for malaria.

Question 71

Humans are routinely vaccinated against Lyme disease.

Question 72

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever.

Question 73

There are many infectious agents that would make excellent biological weapons.Which one of the following would be the best choice for such a weapon? Consider dissemination of the weapon,death rate,etc.when you asnwer this question.

A)Bacillus anthracis
B)Epstein-Barr virus
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Trypanosoma cruzi
E)Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 74

Your patient was admitted for a gunshot wound about a week ago.As a precautionary activity,the doctor placed her on antibiotics for a few days while recuperating.Blood specimens are drawn on the patient a couple of times a day,every day,and sent down to the microbiology lab for analysis of bacteria.Nothing has grown in culture.After her 4th day in the hospital--no fever,no infection identified--one set of blood specimens has been reported positive for a bacterium.The culture was identified by the lab as Staphylococcus epidermidis,a common organism on the skin.Predict the likely situation leading to this.

A)The patient is immunodepressed and very susceptible to bacterial infection.
B)The seemingly nonpathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis has converted from a nonpathogen to a pathogen because of the antibiotics that the patient has taken.
C)The Staphylococcus epidermidis is most likely just a skin contaminant that ended up in the blood specimen taken from the patient,as a result of bad aseptic technique during the venipuncture.
D)Staphylococcus epidermidis is a very slow growing bacterium and was probably in the blood right after the gunshot wound,but failed to grow until now.

Question 75

Your 49 year old mother has just been diagnosed with subacute endocarditis with the following symptoms--fever,a rash,and early congestive heart failure.You wonder why and how in the world this infection occurred,particularly since she appeared to be healthly before this.Talking with her doctor about this infection,a good question to ask would be:

A)Is this infection related to her menopause that she is going through?
B)Could your mother have AIDS?
C)Does your mother have an abnormal heart valve or a murmur?
D)Could she have picked this up by a mosquito bite,since your mother does so much gardening?

Question 76

In severe cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever,the enlarged lesions of the rash can become necrotic and predispose the patient to gangrene of toes and fingertips.