Deck 14: Audience and Self-Presentation Effects in Sport

Question 1

Why was sports research involving non-interactive audiences largely abandoned?

A)Couldn't find subjects.
B)There is no such thing as a non-interactive audience.
C)Cannot generalize results to sports involving an interactive audience.
D)None of the above.

Answer 1

Cannot generalize results to sports involving an interactive audience.

Question 2

What is the primary reason that athletes believe there is an advantage to playing at home?

A)Travel considerations.
B)"House rules" associated with playing at home.
C)Referee bias.
D)Court familiarity and crowd support.

Answer 2

Court familiarity and crowd support.

Question 3

Varca further proposed that the effect of an interactive audience upon the visiting team would be manifested in "dysfunctional assertive behavior." In other words the visiting team would

A)Exhibit more hostile aggression.
B)Be whistled for more personal fouls.
C)Play with poise and control.
D)Execute fewer slam dunks.

Answer 3

Be whistled for more personal fouls.

Question 4

What is the away court disadvantage?

A)The home team has the advantage because they play better in front of their home crowd.
B)The away team plays as well as the home team but an official's bias favoring the home team prevails.
C)The home team wins more often because the visiting team suffers a decrement in performance.
D)It is a home team advantage.

Question 5

Which of the following factors plays the largest role in the home advantage in sport?

A)Facility familiarity.
B)Travel fatigue for visiting team.
C)Territoriality (defend home field/court).
D)Crowd support.

Question 6

Does moving into a new baseball facility change the home advantage in professional baseball? Which statement below is false?

A)The home winning percentage remains the same.
B)There is a small dip in winning percentage during first year of move.
C)Any decline in first year is recovered in 2^nd year of new facility.
D)Changing to a new facility has an initial negative effect on winning percentage but recovers in subsequent years.

Question 7

Varca (1980)proposed that the effect of an interactive audience upon the home team in basketball was to cause "functional assertive behavior." In other words the home team would out perform the visiting team in terms of

A)Free-throw shooting percentage.
B)Slam dunks.
C)Rebounds,blocked shots,and steals.
D)Field-goal shooting percentage.

Question 8

Phonetically,which of the following represents a correct pronunciation of Zajonc's name?

A)Zion.
B)Science.
C)Za-jonC.
D)Sales.

Question 9

Which statement is false relative to home advantage and team quality?

A)Winning away from home occurs more often for quality teams than for low quality teams.
B)Winning at home occurs more often for quality teams than for low quality teams.
C)The best team always wins,regardless of where the contest is played.
D)The chances of winning any sporting contest (home or away)is biased by the skill level of the team.

Question 10

Playing in front of a supportive but expectant home crowd may have a debilitating effect upon some athletes due to

A)Self-attention and pressing.
B)High expectations may be stressful resulting information overload.
C)Self-focus causes disruption of smooth execution of skill.
D)All of the above.

Question 11

Team quality

A)Is a moderating variable that determines the strength of the relationship between playing at home and winning percentage.
B)Has little to do with the home court advantage.
C)Is the deciding factor on who wins a contest.
D)None of the above.

Question 12

Which statement is false regarding Zajonc's model of social facilitation?

A)The presence of an audience can facilitate performance.
B)It is based upon drive theory.
C)The mere presence of an audience facilitates the elicitation of the dominant response.
D)The model can be tested with interactive audiences.

Question 13

Which of the following is not normally a factor which influences the effect that a crowd has upon participants?

A)Gender and race.
B)Audience intimacy.
C)Crowd density.
D)Crowd size.

Question 14

The effect of sustained crowd hostility upon a contest leads to

A)Decrement in performance on the part of both home and visiting teams.
B)Decrement in performance on the part of the home team but not the visiting team.
C)Decrement in performance on the part of visiting team.
D)Improved performance on the part of both home and visiting teams.

Question 15

In front of an expectant and supportive crowd the athlete begins to "press," which interferes with the execution of skillful play.

A)Home court advantage.
B)Away court disadvantage.
C)Self-attention.
D)None of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an interactive audience?

A)Two subjects simultaneously performing a motor task with a partition between them.
B)A subject practicing a pursuit rotor task with five blindfolded people in the room.
C)A boxing match in Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas
D)A subject performing a manual dexterity task while her supervisor watches.

Question 17

According to research,which statement is false relative to the home advantage?

A)Observed in team sports such as basketball,ice hockey,and baseball.
B)Home advantage more apparent in baseball than in basketball.
C)Observed in individual sports.
D)Observed in Olympic Games.

Question 18

According to research conducted by Silva and Andrew (1987),the home advantage in collegiate basketball is due to which of the following?

A)Compared to pregame standards of good performance,the home team athletes hit a higher percentage of their field goals.
B)Compared to pregame standards of good performance,the visiting team athletes hit a lower percentage of their field goals.
C)The home crowd facilitates less than expected performance in the home team.
D)None of the above.

Question 19

What might lead to a home court/field disadvantage for the home team athletes?

A)Self-attention.
B)Non-supportive fans.
C)Wearing white uniforms.
D)Relying too much on the fans to energize the athletes.

Question 20

Based upon the Pollard (2006)model,seven different factors have both direct and indirect effects on the home advantage.Which of the following is not one of these factors?

A)Psychological factors
B)Team rivalry factors.
C)Travel considerations.
D)Referee bias.

Question 21

Self-presentation,also called __________________,refers to the processes by which people monitor and control how they are perceived by other people.

A)Impression motivation.
B)Impression management.
C)Impression construction.
D)Making a good impression.

Question 22

If self-presentation in sport results in a positive performance effect,it is an example of

A)Self-handicapping.
B)Self-attention.
C)Social facilitation.
D)None of the above.

Question 23

Self-handicapping is linked to goal perspective theory in that

A)Athletes high in self-handicapping are high in task goal orientation.
B)Athletes high in self-handicapping value hard work.
C)Athletes high in self-handicapping are dedicated to learning a task that requires motivation.
D)Athletes high in self-handicapping are high in ego goal orientation.

Question 24

_____________________ is a form of self-presentation because the athlete is attempting to regulate the impression that other people have of them.

A)Self-handicapping.
B)Attentional focus.
C)Social cohesion.
D)Personal control.

Question 25

Self-presentation is composed of two components,called _______________ and ________________.

A)Self-preservation,self-protection.
B)Impression management,self-preservation.
C)Impression motivation,impression construction.
D)Arousal control,anxiety management.

Question 26

While self-handicapping represents is indicative of a negative character flaw,there are potential benefits associated with the practice.Which of the following is not a potential benefit?

A)Protects self-esteem when failure occurs.
B)Augments perceived ability when success unexpectedly occurs.
C)The practice is manipulative and creates the expectation of failure.
D)All of the above.

Question 27

A process that cause people to be concerned about how they are perceived by others and their attempts to regulate other people's impression of them.

A)Impression motivation.
B)Impression construction.
C)Impression management.
D)Other regulations.

Question 28

If self-presentation in sport results in a negative performance effect,it is an example of the effects of

A)Self-handicapping.
B)Social facilitation.
C)Self-attention.
D)a or c above.

Question 29

Types of images people want to construct for people to see.

A)Self-presentation.
B)Self-preservation.
C)Impression motivation.
D)Impression construction.