Deck 4: Goal Perspective Theory

Question 1

Task-oriented athletes

A)Endorse mastery strategies and focus upon self-referenced criteria for determining success.
B)Believe that perceived ability is more important than hard work and effort.
C)Focus upon external criteria for determining success.
D)Believe that chance and social comparisons are important success criteria.

Answer 1

Endorse mastery strategies and focus upon self-referenced criteria for determining success.

Question 2

Undifferentiated goal perspective.

A)Effort,ability,and outcome are all viewed by the child as being the same thing.
B)Effort,ability,and outcome are all viewed by the child as being different things.
C)Ability,skill,and luck are all viewed by the child as being the same thing.
D)Outcome,motivation,and feeling are all viewed by the child as being different things.

Answer 2

Effort,ability,and outcome are all viewed by the child as being the same thing.

Question 3

Which of the following is associated with a mastery climate?

A)Poor performance and mistakes will be punished.
B)Competition between team members is encouraged.
C)Players help each other learn through cooperation.
D)Social comparison.

Answer 3

Players help each other learn through cooperation.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true relative to goal perspective theory?

A)Nicholl's theory of motivation provides a framework for considering individual's motivational perspective across a life span.
B)The defining feature of achievement motivation is the way children come to view their own perceived ability.
C)The nature of perceived ability changes initially as a function of developmental level of the child and later as a function of learning and cognitive restructuring.
D)All of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following goal perspective terms are synonymous?

A)Ego goal orientation and task goal orientation.
B)Competitive orientation and differentiated goal perspective.
C)Task orientation and goal setting.
D)Ego goal orientation and competitive goal orientation.

Question 6

Perceived ability is conceptualized as a function of how well I perform a task compared to how others perform the same task (social comparison)

A)Task orientation.
B)Ego orientation.
C)Perception orientation.
D)Process orientation.

Question 7

Differentiated goal perspective.

A)Child can clearly distinguish among the concepts of ability,effort,luck and outcome.
B)Child recognizes that some tasks are more difficult than other tasks.
C)Child understands that effort enhances performance of tasks requiring high ability but not tasks requiring luck.
D)All of the above.

Question 8

According to Nicholl's goal perspective theory,children mature as to how well they are able to differentiate between the concepts of

A)Effort,force,social reinforcement.
B)Ability,skill,luck.
C)Outcome,motivation,feeling.
D)Effort,ability,outcome.

Question 9

Goal involvement.

A)Personality trait.
B)Situation specific response.
C)Task goal orientation.
D)Ego goal orientation.

Question 10

Statistical procedure that magnifies differences between athletes in different groups or clusters while at the same time minimizing differences between athletes that are within the same group.

A)Meta-analysis.
B)Factor analysis.
C)Cluster analysis.
D)Factorial analysis.

Question 11

Which of the following goal perspective terms are synonymous?

A)Task goal orientation and ego goal orientation.
B)Task goal orientation and mastery goal orientation.
C)Mastery goal orientation and differentiated goal perspective.
D)Competitive orientation and undifferentiated goal perspective.

Question 12

According to Nicholls',children ages two to six tend to be

A)Task-oriented.
B)Ego-oriented.
C)Other oriented.
D)Sports orienteD.

Question 13

Which of the following instruments measures the two classic goal perspective constructs of task and ego goal orientation?

A)Task and Ego Orientation in Sport (TEOSQ).
B)Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ).
C)Social Motivational Orientation Scale (SMOSS).
D)None of the above.

Question 14

Research shows that an individual can have a high score on task goal orientation as well as a high score on ego goal orientation.This observation illustrates the principle of

A)Constraint.
B)Mirror imaging.
C)Cognitive dissonance.
D)Orthogonality.

Question 15

Elliot and McGregor's conceptualized 2 x 2 achievement goal framework in which achievement goals (task/ego)are crossed with the classic approach/avoidance conflict:

A)Elliot and McGregor's Goal Perspective Inventory.
B)Two Dimensional Goal Perspective Scale.
C)Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport.
D)None of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following is associated with a competitive climate?

A)Athletes receive positive reinforcement when they work hard.
B)High ability athletes receive the most recognition.
C)Cooperation is rewarded.
D)Every player's contribution is important.

Question 17

Situation specific state measure of how an individual relates to an achievement situation at a specific point in time.

A)Goal involvement.
B)Task goal involvement.
C)Ego goal involvement.
D)All of the above.

Question 18

High amounts of effort in mastering a task are perceived as being evidence of high ability.

A)Task orientation.
B)Ego orientation.
C)Perception oriented.
D)Outcome orienteD.

Question 19

The acronym TARGET represents the conditions that can be manipulated to create a mastery climate that is optimum for the development of intrinsic motivation.Which of the following is not a component part of TARGET?

A)Tasks involving variety and diversity.
B)Rewards for winning.
C)Evaluation of self-improvement.
D)Grouping for skill development.

Question 20

According to Nicholls,children pass developmentally through ______ levels as they come to a fully differentiated goal perspective.

A)Two.
B)Three.
C)Four.
D)Five.

Question 21

Maladaptive motivational patterns are associated with

A)Ego oriented individual with high perception of ability.
B)Believe that success is a function of how well a person performs relative to other people.
C)Ego oriented individual with a low perception of ability.
D)All of the above.

Question 22

Antisocial behavior.

A)Voluntary behavior designed to disadvantage and perhaps harm another person.
B)Non-voluntary behavior designed to harm another person.
C)Aggression.
D)Lack of interest in being social.

Question 23

The notion that a high level of mastery goal orientation in combination with a strong mastery climate yields desirable behavioral outcomes.

A)Incompatibility component of the matching hypothesis.
B)Compatibility component of the matching hypothesis.
C)Goal perspective theory.
D)Goal involvement theory.

Question 24

According to theory,the best combination of goal orientation and motivational climate would be

A)High task orientation,low ego-orientation,mastery climate.
B)High task orientation,high ego-orientation,mastery climate.
C)Low task orientation,low ego-orientation,competitive climate.
D)None of the above.

Question 25

According to theory,the worst combination of goal orientation and motivational climate would be

A)High task orientation,low ego-orientation,mastery climate.
B)High task orientation,high ego-orientation,mastery climate.
C)Low task orientation,low ego-orientation,competitive climate.
D)None of the above.

Question 26

Measurable aspects of moral functioning.

A)Aggression and antisocial behavior.
B)Task and ego goal orientation.
C)Confidence and prosocial behavior.
D)Prosocial and antisocial behavior.

Question 27

The notion that a high level of ego goal orientation in combination with a strong performance climate yields desirable behavioral outcomes.

A)Goal involvement theory.
B)Goal perspective theory.
C)Incompatibility component of the matching hypothesis.
D)Compatibility component of the matching hypothesis.

Question 28

Incompatibility component of the matching hypothesis.

A)Good outcomes occur when motivational climate does not agree with goal orientation of the individual.
B)Poor outcomes occur when goal orientation and motivational climate agrees.
C)Poor outcomes occur when goal orientation and motivational climate do not agree.
D)None of the above.

Question 29

Research shows that task goal orientation and high moral functioning are linked to:

A)Low levels of sportspersonship.
B)High levels of athletic performance.
C)High levels of sportspersonship.
D)High levels of social skill.

Question 30

_____________ has been shown to have both a direct and indirect effect upon antisocial behavior toward athletic opponents.

A)Task goal orientation.
B)Ego goal orientation.
C)Mastery climate.
D)Mastery goal involvement.

Question 31

Voluntary behavior designed to benefit another person.

A)Competitive behavior.
B)Prosocial behavior.
C)Antisocial behavior.
D)Objective behavior.

Question 32

Adaptive motivational patterns are associated with

A)Task goal orientation.
B)Opportunity to participate in challenging tasks to demonstrate persistence and effort.
C)Positive perceptions and behaviors.
D)All of the above.