Deck 3: Images of Women

Question 1

The tendency for the media to feature men's faces more often than women's is called

A)face-ism.
B)body-ism.
C)man-ism.
D)woman-ism.

Answer 1

face-ism.

Question 2

Language has traditionally marked women as

A)sexual objects for men
B)property of men
C)lower status than men
D)All of the above are correct.

Answer 2

All of the above are correct.

Question 3

The group with the lowest face-ism index is

A)European women.
B)Black men.
C)Black women.
D)Italian men.

Answer 3

Black women.

Question 4

"Aggressive female" is an example of which sexist language practice?

A)trivialization of female gender forms
B)labeling the exception to the rule
C)gender marking
D)exclusion

Question 5

believe that females learn to see themselves as objects and to constantly try to imagine how others see them;they call their theory

A)the male gaze.
B)gender schematicity.
C)beauty maintenance.
D)objectification theory.

Question 6

Slang words for women often portray them as

A)sexual objects.
B)art objects.
C)parts of plants.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 7

Feelings that women have about their bodies' sizes,shapes,and attractiveness are part of their

A)appearance schematicities.
B)embodiment.
C)body images.
D)frailty myth.

Question 8

One example of sexist language is

A)use of the term "suffragist"
B)description of a woman vs.a man as a professor
C)use of terms such as "poet" or "actor" for both sexes
D)use of the term "man" to describe humans in general

Question 9

Women who have been looking at idealized images of women feel bad due to the

A)male gaze effect.
B)social comparison process.
C)embodiment of beauty.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 10

The devaluation of female-gender words can be seen in

A)master/mistress.
B)the generic "he."
C)Mr./Mrs.
D)the terms male professional/female professional.

Question 11

When a woman feels that she is unlovable or unattractive because she hates or is embarrassed by some part of her body,she is

A)gender marking.
B)objectifying herself.
C)displaying minimal investment.
D)embodying disparagement.

Question 12

Research on media images of women across ethnic group suggest

A)media images are consistent across ethnic groups.
B)African-American women are more sexually objectified than White women.
C)African-American and White women are equally sexually objectified.
D)no women are sexually objectified by the media.

Question 13

The "ideal woman" is now size 4 hips,a size 2 waist,and a size 10 bust,

A)is so rare it must generally be created through surgical intervention.
B)occurs naturally in only 10% of women.
C)is called the Barbie Ideal.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 14

Language has traditionally marked women as

A)available to be consumed by men.
B)property of men.
C)lower status than men.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 15

Women's self-esteems are affected by their

A)frailties.
B)body images.
C)embodiments.
D)gender marks.

Question 16

According to the textbook,research on masculine generics has shown

A)under most conditions,they are unbiased short-cuts.
B)they are not truly generic.
C)they conjure male images for many,but awareness dissolves negative effects.
D)no simple conclusions can be drawn from the research.

Question 17

The mental pictures women have of their bodies and the feelings they have as a result are referred to as

A)body image.
B)objectification.
C)appearance schematicity.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 18

Television sexism is exemplified by the

A)larger number of male than female characters shown.
B)older ages of female than male characters.
C)portrayal of more female characters than male characters as demons in disguise.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 19

When a woman is reduced to her body and sexualized,she is being

A)sexually objectified.
B)embodied.
C)gender marked.
D)scripted.

Question 20

The word pair "lord/lady" is an example of

A)the defining of women.
B)the masculine generic.
C)terms of endearment.
D)devaluing women.

Question 21

The modern incarnation of the African American stereotype of the Jezebel is represented

A)as the "ho."
B)in characters like Aunt Jemima.
C)in the warm,smiling nurturer.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 22

Strong and athletic women are likely to be stereotyped as

A)lesbians.
B)involved in politics.
C)conservative.
D)married.

Question 23

Which would likely lead to stereotype threat?

A)Tell women taking a flower arranging test there are no gender differences in test performance.
B)Show TV ads of women in nontraditional roles before a word problem test.
C)Tell white male college students that Asians tend to do better than whites in math before a difficult math test.
D)Give women math tests in all-female groups rather than mixed-sex groups.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a gender stereotype?

A)Women are more graceful than men.
B)Women are innately more qualified to take care of children than are men.
C)Men tend to be inherently physically bigger than women.
D)Men are better managers than women.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true about stereotypes?

A)Targets of stereotypes are easily identified and relatively powerless.
B)Stereotypes are easy to modify when encountering disconfirming examples.
C)People largely agree about the characteristics of a stereotyped group.
D)Stereotypes imply a covert comparison between groups to the disadvantage of the stereotyped group.

Question 26

Stereotypes about men and women include which of the following?

A)Both men and women are seen as androgynous.
B)Men are seen as affective whereas women are seen as instrumental.
C)Men & women are both equally competent.
D)Women are seen as affective,whereas men are seen as instrumental.

Question 27

On TV,poor women are often featured in stories

A)racism.
B)welfare reform.
C)the need for education.
D)illiteracy.

Question 28

Male commentators often remark upon the _____________ of women athletes,a behavior that does not carry over to men athletes.

A)mental abilities
B)sexiness and physical appeal (or lack thereof)
C)privilege and power
D)strength and training

Question 29

Important features of stereotype threat include:

A)Stereotypes influence one's behavior only if one believes in the stereotype.
B)Stereotype threat effects members of any group about which there are positive or negative stereotypes.
C)Stereotype threat most effects individuals who care about their performance in the threatened domain.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 30

U.S.ideals of female beauty have become so ___________ many women meet the criteria for ____________.

A)curvy;a Barbie-doll body.
B)fleshy;normal weight
C)thin;anorexia.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 31

The media reinforce the idea that it is socially acceptable to ______________ overweight women.

A)ignore
B)yell at
C)ridicule
D)slap

Question 32

When a woman politician or "authority figure" is portrayed in the news,it is likely her ____________ will be including in the commentary,not as likely for a man.

A)children's names
B)appearance
C)parents' occupations
D)occupation

Question 33

When articles on female politicians,athletes,and authors prioritize women's appearances,they are

A)objectifying them.
B)gender marking them.
C)embodying them.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 34

In the 1980's,much of the research on gender stereotypes focused on subtypes of women and men.The subtypes involved women's and men's

A)role behaviors.
B)physical and personality characteristics.
C)occupations.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main subtypes of the female role?

A)housewife
B)athletic woman
C)sexy woman
D)friendly competent

Question 36

African American women are often cast into biased prototypes labeled the

A)Mammy.
B)Jezebel.
C)Sapphire.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 37

Despite changes in ideals of feminine beauty over the years,one thing remains constant:

A)They all require alterations of women's natural appearances through products.
B)They all were initiated by men.
C)They all include long hair.
D)They all include high heels.

Question 38

The "ideal" images of women make

A)thin men actually like women more.
B)women of color "invisible."
C)are strongly attainable.
D)women of all ethnic groups empowered.

Question 39

Afternoon talk shows typically portray working-class women as

A)out of control.
B)belligerent.
C)victims of dysfunctional families.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 40

Which statement most accurately describes schema? Schema are

A)weak at birth and undeveloped until age fifteen.
B)innate prejudices mediating cognitive and perceptual experiences.
C)mental framework guiding people's experiences with the world.
D)irrational images found mostly in very neurotic people.

Question 41

Explain what face-ism is and provide examples.

Question 42

It has been suggested that media messages about sexuality combine sexist and social class biases.Describe what this statement means.

Question 43

Give examples of negative or trivializing views of women encoded in language.

Question 44

Provide examples of terms originally intended to relay respect for women,and explain how they have taken on new meaning and become lower in status.

Question 45

Are attitudes toward women and men changing? Support your answer with evidence.

Question 46

How do our society's norms about appearance and social roles for women and men relate to stereotypes about gays and lesbians?

Question 47

Among the factors reducing stereotyping is

A)a perceiver who is a member of a targeted group.
B)lack of awareness of the process of stereotyping.
C)increased information about targeted individuals.
D)having judgments take place in single-sex groups.

Question 48

Describe briefly how the representation of women in language,advertising,and popular romance novels contributes to stereotypes of femininity.

Question 49

When stereotypes are activated by our culture,less prejudiced people

A)stop and think about the stereotypes.
B)replace stereotypes with more accurate information.
C)make conscious choices not to stereotype.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 50

What type of explanation does the textbook emphasize in explaining why people find it so hard to abandon stereotypes?

A)psychodynamic
B)social learning
C)cognitive
D)All the above are correct.

Question 51

Discuss the meanings and implications of face-ism.

Question 52

Stereotypes about women have common features from one culture to another.What are some of these features? What might account for some of the similarities?

Question 53

What characteristics are most important in eliciting stereotypic judgments about women and men? What relationships do these characteristics have to the resistance of stereotypes to change?

Question 54

Male generic terms such as "he" and "mankind" have been shown not to be truly generic.Discuss the research evidence.

Question 55

Provide evidence of the animal = male bias.

Question 56

Stereotype threat in terms of math performance means

A)women stereotype their own math abilities.
B)fear of confirming the stereotype women are bad at math may negatively affect women's math performance.
C)boys and men stereotype girls' and women's math abilities more than girls and women do.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 57

Stereotypic traits of males are said to comprise an instrumental dimension,whereas those of females are defined as affective.Explain what this means.

Question 58

Trace the racist and sexist images of African American women back to slavery,and provide modern examples of these stereotypes.

Question 59

During a family discussion,12-year-old Brian mentions that all ugly girls are stupid.Explain Brian's statement in relation to stereotypes.What factors (familial,societal,cultural,etc. )may have encouraged Brian's statement?

Question 60

Discuss the media's over reliance on the expertise of men and the effects of this bias on women.

Question 61

Citing research described in the textbook,respond to the statement: "Those feminists shouldn't make such a big deal about sexism on TV.After all,it's only entertainment!"

Question 62

Explain why women are traditionally expected to take their husbands' names,and why the word Ms.has created such controversy.