Deck 14: Economic Expansion and a New Politics

Question 1

The Portuguese were able to break the Arab monopoly of trade in the Indian Ocean by

A)designing ships that were faster and more maneuverable than those of the Arabs.
B)allying with Spain against the Arabs.
C)fighting battles at sea with effective fire power.
D)both designing ships that were faster and more maneuverable than those of the Arabs and fighting battles at sea with effective fire power.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 1

both designing ships that were faster and more maneuverable than those of the Arabs and fighting battles at sea with effective fire power.

Question 2

Colonizing Europeans solved the labor shortage they faced in the New World by

A)kidnapping volunteers from their own countries.
B)relying extensively on forced labor.
C)transporting slaves from Africa to the Americas.
D)luring workers for seven-year contracts in exchange for promises of land.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 2

All these answers are correct.

Question 3

In England, common law

A)helped to unify the country.
B)was administered by traveling judges.
C)became a source of power with which to oppose the crown.
D)was based upon tradition and precedent.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 3

All these answers are correct.

Question 4

Inflation, which began around 1500, indicated

A)impending crisis for the European economy.
B)declining demand for goods.
C)an increase in demand.
D)an increase in people's debts.
E)a decrease in the silver supply.

Question 5

The early European settlers in the New World were

A)encouraged by officials to intermarry with natives.
B)composed of equal numbers of men and women.
C)driven to leave Europe by hardship at home.
D)mostly aristocrats motivated by the chance for independent command or the allure of fortune.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following probably contributed to the population increase that began in Europe in the late fifteenth century?

A)eradication of the Black Plague
B)increased knowledge of the causes of disease
C)a warming climate that may have improved harvests
D)more intense cultivation, even though slightly less land was being farmed
E)the abandonment of marginal farmland

Question 7

In the Holy Roman Empire during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,

A)the emperors and Diet created a strong central government.
B)the emperors were unable to control either lay or ecclesiastical princes.
C)the emperors succeeded in stopping the fragmentation of the lands they ruled.
D)the Empire sponsored overseas expeditions.
E)the emperors successfully exploited the wealth of princely territories.

Question 8

The country that pioneered overseas exploration in the fifteenth century was

A)Italy.
B)Spain.
C)Portugal.
D)England.
E)France.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of England in comparison with other European states in the sixteenth century?

A)A smaller percent of the population was legally noble.
B)It relied less on the use of Roman law and more on precedents as interpreted by jurists.
C)The king relied upon powerful noble families to administer the counties.
D)Its kings were more likely to consult the country's wishes as expressed in a parliament.
E)Public officials were recruited from the gentry.

Question 10

In the sixteenth century, the capitalist outlook

A)had no real impact on Europe's economy.
B)resulted in profits that encouraged further economic growth.
C)could not operate because free markets did not exist.
D)relied upon the teachings of the Catholic Church for legitimacy.
E)involved little risk-taking.

Question 11

Ferdinand and Isabella pursued religious unity and consolidation by

A)establishing their own Inquisition.
B)expelling the Jews.
C)crusading against Muslims in southern Castile.
D)establishing their own Inquisition, expelling the Jews, and crusading against Muslims in southern Castile.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 12

The biggest drain on Spain's financial resources during the sixteenth century was the cost of

A)paying for the government's huge bureaucracy.
B)supporting the wars of the Habsburgs.
C)supporting the colonies in the New World.
D)defending the treasure fleets against pirates.
E)the Inquisition.

Question 13

Which social group did NOT benefit from the new prosperity of the sixteenth century?

A)landowners
B)peasants
C)artisans
D)merchants
E)tenants

Question 14

The role of the Parlement of Paris was to

A)register royal edicts.
B)pass legislation.
C)authorize new taxes.
D)negotiate with the Estates.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 15

In the empire controlled by Charles V in the sixteenth century,

A)France was the only major continental territory west of Poland that was not nominally under his jurisdiction.
B)Charles made clear to the Spanish elites that Spain was the most important part of the Empire.
C)Charles made clear to the princes of Germany that the Holy Roman Empire was the most important part of his holdings.
D)Charles made no claims on the independent republics of Italy.
E)Charles maintained a Flemish administration.

Question 16

Henry VIII's break with Rome

A)came at the recommendation of Sir Thomas More.
B)strengthened the power of the Parliament of England.
C)pleased Emperor Charles V.
D)infuriated Martin Luther.
E)undermined the power of the Parliament.

Question 17

Ferdinand and Isabella consolidated royal power in Spain by

A)creating a single political and governmental system for their kingdoms.
B)reducing the power and privileges of the great nobles.
C)obtaining from the papacy the right to make major ecclesiastical appointments in Spain.
D)increasing revenue.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 18

Hernando Cortès achieved a rapid victory over the Aztecs

A)because he was able to exploit their superstitions.
B)because his army was very large.
C)because he had overwhelming superiority in firearms.
D)because the use of horses gave the Spaniards an advantage.
E)both because he was able to exploit their superstitions and because the use of horses gave the Spaniards an advantage.

Question 19

In the sixteenth century, Spain was able to extend its authority to the Americas

A)because with the conquest of the Muslims in Spain there were many experienced soldiers looking for adventure.
B)because diseases brought by the conquistadors decimated the native population.
C)because the Spanish monarchy had developed an administrative apparatus that could be transferred to the new territories.
D)both because diseases decimated the native population and because the Spanish administrative apparatus could be transferred to the new territories.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 20

As a consequence of the economic changes of the sixteenth century,

A)the real wages of ordinary laborers rose markedly.
B)crime and vagrancy in the countryside decreased as peasants enjoyed good markets in products for food.
C)a new aristocracy developed out of the commercial and office-holding opportunities.
D)work in cities became harder to find.
E)women were excluded from capitalist activities.

Question 21

Compare and contrast how the Spanish and Portuguese exploited their respective overseas empires.Your response should include discussion of their motives, the economic impact on each country, and their relations with the native populations.

Question 22

How did capitalism become a significant contributor to social change? How did capitalism contribute to social unrest? And how did capitalism encourage further consolidation of royal authority in Spain, England, and France?

Question 23

How do selected artworks seen in this chapter suggest the enduring influence of the Renaissance, especially its influence on learning?

Question 24

Consider the picture of a slave ship found in this chapter.Why did the conditions of the slave ship create such a high mortality rate during the journey?

Question 25

In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the monarchs of western Europe were able to create vastly more powerful and centralized administrations, while those of central and eastern Europe were not.How do you account for this difference?

Question 26

The fate of Italy in the sixteenth century revealed that

A)small political units could not survive against larger, more centralized powers.
B)cleverness and self-reliance could allow sturdy citizen republics to play large powers off against each other successfully.
C)leadership in culture and the arts would ensure political independence.
D)the papacy was a good focus of leadership for those wishing for Italian unity.
E)small states could resist the larger monarchies.

Question 27

Consider the portrayals of common people in the images found in the pages of this chapter.What do these depictions express about the experiences of common people during this period?

Question 28

The new diplomacy that emerged in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries relied upon

A)occasional emissaries sent by princes as the need arose.
B)the papacy to serve as intermediary in disputes.
C)a fully developed understanding of the balance of power in Europe.
D)the development of diplomatic immunities for ambassadors.
E)dismantling the diplomatic immunities of ambassadors.

Question 29

All monarchs faced the challenge of increasing royal revenues in the sixteenth century.Why? How did these rulers enhance their revenues?

Question 30

Why do you think merchants portrayed themselves as honest, hardworking, intelligent, and wise in the woodcut titled Allegory of Trade, seen in this chapter? Who were they trying to convince?

Question 31

Referring to map 14.1, how were both Spain and Portugal ideally situated to take advantage of improvements in trans-oceanic shipbuilding and navigation?

Question 32

What do the monk and the woman depicted in the miniature seen in this chapter titled Merchants Clearing Accounts symbolize?

Question 33

How does the painting shown in this chapter titled Edward VI and The Pope represent consolidation of the authority of the English kings as well as English anti-Catholicism?

Question 34

Niccolò Machiavelli's goal in writing The Prince was to

A)persuade the Italian states to unite against foreign aggressors.
B)explain how power works.
C)teach rulers to be more cunning and manipulative.
D)outline the uses of fear and respect.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 35

How did the practice of international diplomacy begin to change in Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Question 36

Slavery was virtually non-existent in Europe by ca.1500, yet in the succeeding century the European use of slaves became widespread.Discuss this development in terms of religious, political, economic, and social factors.Which do you think was the most significant contributor to this increase in slavery?

Question 37

How did monarchs begin to use religion as a tool in the consolidation of rule? When was the use of religion successful? When did it backfire?

Question 38

England's Parliament gained importance and prestige during the reign of Henry VIII at the same time that monarchical power reached new heights.Show how these two apparently contradictory developments occurred and discuss the relationship that developed between the two branches of government.

Question 39

What factors contributed to the economic boom of the sixteenth century? What areas of the economy experienced the most dramatic growth? Did the prosperity of the age extend to all segments of society?

Question 40

Why are Henry VII of England, Louis XII of France, and Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain called the "new monarchs"?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Francisco Pizzaro.

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis XI.

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: capitalism.

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Privy Council.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: vagrancy.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: gentry.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ferdinand.

Question 48

Review the feature entitled "Henry VIII Claims Independence from the Pope" in this chapter.This passage describes the pope as a "foreign prince." What are the connotations of that description regarding the state of the papacy at the time? What did Henry hope to achieve by treating the pope as such?

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Aztecs.

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: conquistador.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: common law.

Question 52

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: slave trade.

Question 53

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Christopher Columbus.

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Star Chamber.

Question 55

Review the feature entitled "Henry VIII Claims Independence from the Pope" in this chapter.How does this passage demonstrate the enduring nature of the conflict over power between the English kings and Church that dates at least from the time of Henry II ?

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Castile.

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: audiencia.

Question 58

Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "Two Views of Columbus" in this chapter.How does historical perspective inform both of these passages about Columbus? How do you account for the tremendous discrepancy in their interpretations of Columbus?

Question 59

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bartholomeu Dias.

Question 60

Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "Two Views of Columbus" in this chapter.On what aspects of Columbus's voyages do both authors concentrate, and what aspects do they ignore?

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: enclosures.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Incas.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry the Navigator.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Conversos.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ferdinand Magellan.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Moriscos.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles V.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: hidalgo.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: corregidor.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Aragon.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry VII.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hernando Cortès.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: The Prince.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: justices of the peace.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Isabella.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles VIII.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry VIII.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Parlement of Paris.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: bullion.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Matthias Corvinus.