Deck 18: Used Advanced Information Technology to Increase Performance

Question 1

Once demand for a product starts to fall, the decline stage begins; this typically occurs when advancing IT leads to the development of a more advanced product, making the old one obsolete.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: The decline stage begins because advancing IT leads to the development of a more advanced product, making the old one obsolete.

Question 2

The demand for a product is highest during the growth stage.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: The demand for a product is highest during the maturity stage.

Question 3

Management information systems came into existence during the computer age.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Management information systems have existed for as long as there have been organizations and were mostly paper-based until the advent of the computer age.

Question 4

Computers express words, numbers, images, and sound in zeros and ones.

Question 5

Microsoft Excel, a computer program which uses spreadsheets, charts, and databases, is an example of application software.

Question 6

_____ is(are) raw, unsummarized, and unanalyzed facts.

A)Sociofacts
B)Data
C)Information
D)Feedback
E)Statistics

Question 7

A knowledge management system systematizes the knowledge of its employees and facilitates the sharing and integrating of their expertise.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a factor in determining the usefulness of information?

A)quality
B)timeliness
C)size
D)completeness
E)relevance

Question 9

Business-to-business (B2B) commerce is trade that takes place between a company and individual customers using IT and the Internet.

Question 10

A graph of the profitability of each of an organization's products in a product line over the past three years is an example of

A)raw data.
B)a software program.
C)artificial intelligence.
D)a raw fact.
E)information.

Question 11

Whereas a decision-support system organizes important information for managers, an operations information system gives managers model-building capability and the chance to manipulate information in a variety of ways.

Question 12

Top managers make frequent use of decision-support systems in their decision-making.

Question 13

Information technology is the set of methods or techniques for acquiring, organizing, and storing information.

Question 14

Information that reflects current conditions in the organization is called real-time information.

Question 15

A B2B network structure is a formal series of global strategic alliances that one or several organizations create with suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors to produce and market a product.

Question 16

Managers use an operations information system for nonroutine decision-making tasks.

Question 17

A decision-support system provides computer-built models that help managers make better nonprogrammed decisions.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of real-time information?

A)the price of a particular brand of chocolate
B)number of cars sold by a manufacturer in the last two years
C)census data over the last ten years
D)daily weather forecast details
E)literature review on a particular research study

Question 19

______ is data that are organized in a meaningful way.

A)Wisdom
B)Knowledge
C)Artificial intelligence
D)Information
E)A fact

Question 20

A marketing manager who is trying to decide whether or not to lower the price of one of the products in a product line.She can use decision-support system to assist her in making this decision.

Question 21

Which of the following describes the language used by computers, consisting of zeros and ones, to perform their functions?

A)geometric
B)logarithmic
C)digital
D)analog
E)symbolic

Question 22

The stage which immediately follows the embryonic stage in a product's life cycle is the _____ stage.

A)creation
B)maturity
C)decline
D)growth
E)conception

Question 23

Establishing measurable standards of performance, measuring actual performance, comparing actual performance against established goals, and evaluating the results and taking corrective action are steps to

A)launch a new product in the market.
B)indicate the life cycle of a product.
C)achieve control over organizational activities.
D)reduce group cohesiveness among members.
E)increase a company's investments in research and development.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true about information technology (IT) and the product life cycle?

A)In the product's embryonic stage, many consumers are entering the market and buying the product for the first time and demand increases rapidly.
B)In the growth stage, a product has yet to gain widespread acceptance; customers are unsure what a product has to offer, and demand for it is minimal.
C)The growth stage ends and the maturity stage begins when market demand peaks because most customers have already bought the product.
D)Once demand for a product starts to fall, the maturity stage begins; this typically occurs when advancing IT leads to the development of a more advanced product, making the old one obsolete.
E)Products such as desktops and laptops and services such as Internet broadband and digital TV services are currently in the embryonic stage.

Question 25

The order in which the stages of the product life cycle occur over time is

A)embryonic, growth, decline, and maturity.
B)embryonic, maturity, growth, and decline.
C)embryonic, growth, maturity, and decline.
D)growth, maturity, decline, and embryonic.
E)growth, embryonic, maturity, and decline.

Question 26

The first step that managers need to take to achieve control over organizational activities is to

A)measure actual performance.
B)establish measurable standards of performance or goals.
C)perform tests to confirm consistency.
D)compare actual performance against established goals.
E)evaluate the results and take corrective action.

Question 27

__________ determine the quality of information.

A)Accuracy and reliability
B)Timeliness and relevance
C)Relevance and accuracy
D)Completeness and timeliness
E)Availability and reliability

Question 28

The _____ stage begins when market demand peaks because most customers have already bought the product.At this stage, demand is typically replacement demand.

A)maturity
B)decline
C)embryonic
D)growth
E)conception

Question 29

_____ is the set of methods or techniques for acquiring, organizing, storing, manipulating, and transmitting organized and meaningful data.

A)Data harvesting
B)Data mapping
C)Data mediation
D)Formalization
E)Information technology

Question 30

The _____ stage occurs when advancing IT leads to the development of a more advanced IT product making the old one obsolete and resulting in a fall of sales.

A)embryonic
B)conceptual
C)growth
D)maturity
E)decline

Question 31

______ are personal computers on the desks of managers within a computer network.

A)Servers
B)Clients
C)Mainframes
D)External networks
E)Hubs

Question 32

Which of the following attributes of useful information emphasizes accuracy and reliability?

A)timeliness
B)validity
C)quality
D)completeness
E)relevance

Question 33

The stage of the product life cycle in which demand, and therefore sales, for a product is least is the _____ stage.

A)embryonic
B)maturity
C)growth
D)decline
E)saturation

Question 34

_______ is a line of software code.

A)A bit
B)A byte
C)A processor
D)An instruction
E)An application

Question 35

Which of the following decisions is most likely to be made by top managers?

A)decisions on how much of a product to make and how to make it
B)decisions regarding from whom to purchase inputs and what inventory of inputs to hold
C)decisions on how much employees should be paid, how they should be trained, and what benefits they should be given
D)decisions on how to allocate scarce financial resources among competing projects
E)decisions about the new product design

Question 36

_______ is a specific form of IT that managers utilize to generate specific, detailed information they need to perform their roles effectively.

A)Management cybernetics
B)A management information system
C)A B2B marketplace
D)A content management system
E)A global positioning system

Question 37

The final step that managers need to take to achieve control over organizational activities is to

A)measure actual performance.
B)establish measurable standards of performance.
C)perform tests to confirm consistency.
D)compare actual performance against established goals.
E)evaluate the results and take corrective action.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true about the factors affecting the usefulness of information?

A)Irrelevant information is useless and may actually hurt the performance of a busy manager who has to spend valuable time determining whether information is relevant.
B)Managers constantly have access to complete information.
C)Accuracy and reliability seldom determine the quality of information.
D)Real-time information is information that reflects changes in business conditions that have occurred in the past.
E)In today's rapidly changing world, the need for timely information has decreased.

Question 39

________ information constantly corresponds to current conditions.

A)Static
B)Stable
C)Real-time
D)Complete
E)Critical

Question 40

The _____ of information ensures that the information is available when it is required so managers can make the optimal decision.

A)relevance
B)timeliness
C)quantity
D)completeness
E)quality

Question 41

The _____ is the master computer that controls the operations of all the other types of computers and digital devices as needed and can link them into one integrated system.

A)mainframe
B)client
C)server
D)personal computer
E)ethernet

Question 42

An executive-support system is a type of

A)transaction-processing system.
B)business support system.
C)expert support system.
D)e-commerce system.
E)decision-support system.

Question 43

Which of the following management information systems are used for routine tasks?

A)decision support systems
B)expert systems
C)transaction-processing systems
D)e-commerce systems
E)operations information systems

Question 44

________ is behavior by a machine that closely mimics human logical behavior.

A)Nanotechnology
B)An executive-support system
C)An executive simulation
D)Intelligence quotient
E)Artificial intelligence

Question 45

_____ are computer programs that are developed for a specific task or use.

A)Operating system software
B)Operating networks
C)Application software
D)Servers
E)Data structures

Question 46

A(n) _______ system is a computer system that gathers comprehensive data, organizes it, and summarizes it in ways that are useful to managers for their nonroutine tasks.

A)transactional analysis
B)artificial intelligence
C)expert
D)operations information
E)decision-support

Question 47

A(n) ______ system is a computer system that is designed to handle a large volume of routine and recurring transactions.

A)transactional analysis
B)artificial intelligence
C)transaction-processing
D)transactional modeling
E)decision-support

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true about excessive layering in hierarchy?

A)Many layers of managerial hierarchy ensures a short time for information to travel up the hierarchy.
B)Information remains undistorted when passed along the different layers of hierarchy.
C)Many layers of managerial hierarchy ensures an organization's quick response to changing market conditions.
D)Many layers of managerial hierarchy results in a long time for information to travel down the hierarchy.
E)The usefulness of information will always increase with an increase in layering of hierarchy.

Question 49

The client computers that are linked directly to a server constitute a(n)

A)local area network.
B)operating system software.
C)artificial intelligence network.
D)global positioning system.
E)content management system.

Question 50

A computer software program that is developed for preparing graphs of sales performance (in terms of the number of units sold) over a required period of time is an example of a(n)

A)application software.
B)artificial intelligence program.
C)expert system software.
D)decision-support system.
E)operating system software.

Question 51

An operations information system typically accesses data gathered by a _____ system and converts the data into useful information.

A)transaction-processing
B)artificial intelligence
C)expert
D)executive support
E)decision support

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a programmed decision?

A)investing in a new type of production technology
B)developing a new type of consumer product
C)launching a new type of promotional campaign
D)expanding sales into a new country
E)refilling ink into a copier

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of a nonprogrammed task or decision?

A)changing streetlights
B)the purchase of a new house
C)a trip to the grocery store for supplies
D)paying electricity bills
E)reordering printer cartridges

Question 54

Executive support systems are used to link top managers virtually so they can function as a team; this type of executive-support system is called a(n)

A)transaction-processing system.
B)expert system.
C)operations support system.
D)e-commerce support system.
E)group decision support system.

Question 55

Large companies that need immense processing power have a(n) _____ computer at the center or hub of the network that can quickly process vast amounts of information and can handle electronic communications between PCs situated in different LANs.

A)server
B)client
C)mainframe
D)cloud
E)personal

Question 56

A(n) _____ system is a sophisticated version of a decision support system that is designed to meet the needs of top managers.

A)transaction-processing
B)expert support
C)enterprise resource management
D)e-commerce support
E)executive-support

Question 57

A(n) ______ is an interactive computer-based system that produces models which help managers to make better nonprogrammed decisions.

A)decision-support system
B)artificial intelligence system
C)decisional balance sheet
D)transaction-processing system
E)business decision mapping

Question 58

_____ tells the computer hardware how to run.

A)Operating system software
B)Mainframes
C)Application software
D)Local area networks
E)Wide area networks

Question 59

A bank that uses a computer system to record deposits and withdrawals from its customers' accounts is most likely to use a(n)

A)inventory management system.
B)transaction-processing system.
C)expert system.
D)group decision-support system.
E)artificial intelligence system.

Question 60

Supermarket managers who use scanners at the checkout counters, which are installed with computer software to track inventory levels of their products, are using a(n) _______ system.

A)group decision-support
B)artificial intelligence
C)expert
D)executive-support
E)transaction-processing

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of IT on the organizational hierarchy?

A)Advances in IT have popularized the idea of a boundaryless organization.
B)Advances in IT have been associated with the creation of taller organizational hierarchies.
C)Advances in IT have been associated with the establishment of centralized decision-making in organizations.
D)Advances in IT have been associated with an increase in vertical or top-down information flows within organizations.
E)Management information systems have increased the need for tall management hierarchies.

Question 62

A(n) _____ system employs human knowledge, embedded in computer software, to solve problems that ordinarily require human expertise.

A)group decision support
B)expert
C)transaction processing
D)operations information
E)executive support

Question 63

Modern information systems _____ an organization's need for hierarchy and _____ its efficiency.

A)decrease; decrease
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; increase
D)increase; decrease
E)increase; do not affect

Question 64

A(n) _____ is a formal series of global strategic alliances that one or several organizations create with suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors to produce and market a product.

A)boundaryless organization
B)B2B network structure
C)ERP system
D)expert system
E)B2B marketplace

Question 65

______ is trade that takes place between companies using IT and the Internet to link and coordinate the value chains of different companies.

A)Enterprise resource planning
B)Business-to-business commerce
C)Business-to-customer commerce
D)Business-to-business marketplace
E)Business-to-customer network structure

Question 66

Mei and her team are conducting a thorough study to support a product.She received some updated research information that will help pave the way for the development process.It is the _____ of the information that makes the information useful to Mei and her team.

A)timeliness
B)completeness
C)relevance
D)accuracy
E)reliability

Question 67

The accounting department at S&B Productions uses information systems to monitor expenditures and compare them against budgets.Managers use this information to see if they are meeting goals.When necessary, managers take corrective actions.Information that has _____ gives managers all the information they need to make an effective decision.

A)timeliness
B)completeness
C)quality
D)relevance
E)accuracy

Question 68

A(n) _______ system handles trade that takes place between companies and between companies and individual customers using IT and the Internet.

A)enterprise resource planning
B)e-commerce
C)transaction-processing
D)executive-support
E)operations information

Question 69

When two organizations pool resources, know-how, rewards, and risk in order to produce and market a product, they are

A)forming a coalition.
B)forming a strategic alliance.
C)forming a business-to-business network.
D)outsourcing.
E)forming a boundaryless organization.

Question 70

_______ is trade that takes place between a company and individual purchasers using IT and the Internet.

A)Enterprise resource planning
B)Business-to-business commerce
C)Business-to-customer commerce
D)Business-to-business marketplace
E)Business-to-business network structure

Question 71

S&R Electronics recently released a new product.Because consumers are buying the product for the first time, the marketing manager expects the demand to increase rapidly in the _____ stage of the product life cycle.

A)maturity
B)embryonic
C)decline
D)growth
E)saturation

Question 72

Rapid advances in IT have been associated with a flattening of the organizational hierarchy which results in a(n)

A)increase in establishment of boundaryless organizations.
B)move toward vertical information flow.
C)move toward greater centralization.
D)decrease in the organization's efficiency.
E)increase in the establishment of tall management hierarchies.

Question 73

Renee receives monthly reports from the accounting department that reflect current financial conditions.The data Renee receives is

A)complete data.
B)current data.
C)reliable data.
D)management information.
E)real-time information.

Question 74

Caroline created a spreadsheet to organize data so she can compare the changes in sales volume and costs over a period of time.The organized data is referred to as

A)arranged data.
B)information.
C)transformed data.
D)facts.
E)analyzed facts.

Question 75

A(n) _____ is a company-specific virtual information system that systematizes the knowledge of its employees and facilitates sharing and integrating their expertise.

A)expert system
B)knowledge management system
C)enterprise resource planning system
D)knowledge economy
E)knowledge market

Question 76

A(n) _____ system is the most advanced management information system that incorporates artificial intelligence in its design.

A)expert
B)group decision support
C)executive support
D)transaction processing
E)operations information

Question 77

A _____ is an Internet-based trading platform set up to connect buyers and sellers in an industry.

A)business-to-customer commerce
B)intranet
C)group decision-support system
D)business-to-business marketplace
E)mainframe

Question 78

Multimodule application software packages that coordinate the various functional activities of organizations are called _____ systems.

A)enterprise resource planning
B)decision support
C)transaction processing
D)executive support
E)operations information

Question 79

With respect to expert systems, which of the following is not a minimum requirement for IT in order to mimic human expertise and intelligence?

A)recognition of problems
B)display of emotions
C)formulation of solutions
D)explanation of solutions
E)the ability to learn from experience

Question 80

Members of a _____ are linked to an organization's centralized database by computers, faxes, computer-aided design systems, and video teleconferencing and who rarely, if ever, see one another face-to-face.

A)artificial intelligence system
B)B2B marketplace
C)strategic alliance
D)local area network
E)virtual organization