Deck 14: Clinical and Counseling Assessment

Question 1

At the core of profiling is the assumption that perpetrators of serial crimes leave at their crime scenes

A) physical evidence.
B) psychological evidence.
C) philosophical evidence.
D) business cards.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is commonly referred to as profiling is referred to by the FBI as

A) criminal psychological analysis.
B) criminal psychoanalysis.
C) criminal investigative analysis.
D) investigative psychological analysis.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As compared to Medicare,psychological services offered through managed care tend to have

A) greater pre-authorization requirements.
B) higher rates of reimbursement.
C) less support from members of allied fields.
D) All of these

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to the social rank theory of depression,someone who is depressed

A) is less likely to compete for resources and status.
B) is likely to be both anxious and depressed.
C) is likely to be preoccupied with others who are perceived as more powerful.
D) All of these

Question 5

The psychiatrist and philosopher Karl Jaspers wrote that "there is no sharp line to be drawn between different types,nor between what is healthy and what is not." As cited in your text,this quote was a reference to a potential problem with

A) a dimensional approach to personality disorder.
B) overlapping criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
C) a proposed Personality Disorder Trait Specified diagnosis.
D) a categorical approach to personality disorder.

Question 6

Competence to stand trial has largely to do with understanding the charges against the defendant and being able to assist in one's own defense.The "understand and assist" requirement is an extension of the constitutional prohibition against trial

A) a posteriori.
B) nolo contendere.
C) in absentia.
D) mens rea.

Question 7

A relatively new interview technique,similar to the hypnotic interview entails

A) focused meditation.
B) collaborative evaluation.
C) insightful recollection.
D) None of these

Question 8

As cited in Chapter 14 of your text,case history data was used to support the view that

A) a rhesus monkey is capable of experiencing anxiety disorder and depression.
B) racial intolerance can lead to a number of debilitating psychosomatic conditions.
C) exposure to Christian Science predisposed one patient to an obsessive disorder.
D) All of these

Question 9

The term "pecking order" was coined by Schjelderup-Ebbe in 1921 who observed that hens seemed to

A) peck in a certain order prior to and just after dominance displays.
B) become depressed when defeated in dominance contests.
C) pecked with increasing frequency on a random interval schedule.
D) stopped scavenging for food when placed on a liquid diet.

Question 10

Which is an argument that does NOT support an evolutionary view of disorder?

A) Klein's argument that we really do not know "proper evolutionary function."
B) Behavior labeled "disordered" may actually be the result of disease.
C) Behavior labeled "disordered" may actually be the result of malingering.
D) All of these

Question 11

An interview in which the interviewee is given a wide latitude to interact with the interviewer is called a

A) hypnotic interview.
B) elaborative interview.
C) structured interview.
D) collaborative interview.

Question 12

From April 2010 to December 2011,field trials were conducted in academic medical centers as well as smaller clinical practices for the purpose of

A) testing the clinical utility of an evolutionary view of disorder.
B) evaluating the psychometric soundness of a revised diagnostic manual.
C) exploring the validity of focused meditation as an alternative to hypnotic interviews.
D) All of these

Question 13

The authors of the DSM-V addressed the criticism that its predecessor,DSM-IV

A) was not sufficiently biopsychosocial in orientation.
B) had insufficient validity studies to support its use.
C) had failed to include hypocondriasis as a disorder.
D) All of these

Question 14

According to Wakefield's "harmful dysfunction" definition of mental disorder,a disorder must

A) involve symptoms that are present in more than one setting.
B) involve the dysfunction of some internal mechanism selected by evolution to perform a specific task.
C) be free of any value judgments.
D) be free of culturally specific value judgments.

Question 15

The MAC was a scale derived from the MMPI that was constructed to aid in differentiating

A) appetite-disordered from non-appetite disordered patients.
B) marijuana-abusing from non-marijuana-abusing patients.
C) alcoholic from non-alcoholic patients.
D) Burger King from McDonald food junkies.

Question 16

The legal term mens rea refers to one's

A) "lack of awareness."
B) "clean slate."
C) "pureness of motives."
D) "guilty mind."

Question 17

Many measures may be used to evaluate competency to stand trial.Which of the following is NOT such a measure?

A) the RCRAS
B) the ECST-R
C) the MacCAT-CA
D) the FIT

Question 18

The most widely used test to measure the severity of depression is

A) the MMPI.
B) the BDI-II.
C) the MCMI-III.
D) the SADS.

Question 19

An interview procedure similar to a hypnotic interview but without the hypnotic induction is

A) the mental status examination.
B) the stress interview.
C) the cognitive interview.
D) None of these

Question 20

In the excerpt from the Meet an Assessment Professional essay published in the text,Dr.Joel Goldberg provides an account of how one incident made him appreciate the great power of psychological tests.In his account,which test did Dr.Goldberg cite?

A) the Rorschach
B) the TAT
C) the MMPI
D) the CESD-R

Question 21

A mental status examination may be administered to

A) screen for intellectual, emotional, and neurological deficits.
B) assess thought content and thought processes.
C) assess whether an individual is oriented "times three."
D) All of these

Question 22

Psychologists who are called on by the courts to render an opinion regarding a person's sanity must be prepared to

A) explain all the ramifications of the fact that "sanity" and "insanity" are psychological, and not legal terms.
B) deal with all the ramifications of the fact that the determination of "sanity" and "insanity" are ultimately left to a judge or a jury to decide.
C) be sued by the patient if their opinions regarding the sanity of the patient are at odds with the determination of the court.
D) undergo an examination evaluating their own mental status prior to being admitted to the courtroom.

Question 23

An assessor determines that Farley is incompetent to stand trial.This means that Farley

A) is unable to understand the charges against him and is unable to assist in his defense.
B) is mentally retarded or psychotic.
C) may have been under the influence of alcohol or some controlled substance at the time the alleged offense was committed.
D) All of these

Question 24

A problem with self-report measures of depression,such as the Beck Depression Inventory,is that

A) testtakers can fake depression or fake the absence of depression.
B) they are highly unreliable and based solely on what happened to the testtaker during the previous day or so.
C) they do not gauge the severity of depression, only its presence or absence.
D) the theory on which they are based has been shown to be severely flawed.

Question 25

The DSM-IV-TR was:

A) too medically oriented to be used by psychologists.
B) the only reference work of its kind throughout the world.
C) used for adult disorders but not for childhood disorders.
D) None of these

Question 26

A convict's readiness for parole or probation

A) can be predicted by the "Readiness for Parole Checklist."
B) is determined solely on the basis of self-report testimony from the convict.
C) is a decision often made on the basis of Rorschach protocols.
D) None of these

Question 27

A clinical psychologist would be LEAST likely to use individually administered tests

A) in order to make a differential diagnosis.
B) in cases where there are questions involving suicidal or homicidal potential.
C) to evaluate and counsel clients regarding potential career choices.
D) in cases in which the presenting psychopathology of a client is difficult to diagnose.

Question 28

According to Wakefield,disorders result from

A) environmental factors.
B) a breakdown of internal mechanisms.
C) an interaction between internal mechanisms and the environment.
D) the interaction of forces that are yet to be determined.

Question 29

In their description of biopsychosocial assessment,your textbook authors likened the approach to

A) a great paradigm shift in disability research.
B) the triumph of behavioral over psychoanalytic methods.
C) closing the barn door after the cows have left.
D) broadcasting in widescreen.

Question 30

A culturally sensitive psychological assessment includes sensitivity to

A) acculturation and language.
B) values and worldview.
C) personal identity.
D) All of these

Question 31

Which measures are typically included as part of a standard battery?

A) measures of intelligence and personality
B) measures of intelligence, personality, and neurological intactness
C) measures of intelligence, personality, neurological intactness, and case history data
D) a measure of intelligence, a measure of neurological intactness, and the Mooney Problem Checklist

Question 32

Forensic psychology is different from clinical psychology because in forensic psychology:

A) the clinician's client may not be the assessee.
B) when the assessee is in an adversarial relationship with the assessor, the assessee may not be truthful.
C) the clinician may be called on to offer recommendations that run counter to the stated interests of the assessee.
D) All of these

Question 33

The biopsychosocial approach to assessment could BEST be described as

A) multicultural.
B) multidisciplinary.
C) psychoanalytic.
D) All of these

Question 34

A case history

A) is not appropriate for children under age 8.
B) may be found in hospital records.
C) is more important in clinical than counseling psychology.
D) is rarely utilized by behavioral psychologists.

Question 35

Who is the person credited with having coined the term Barnum effect?

A) Tallent
B) Patterson
C) P. T. Barnum himself
D) Meehl

Question 36

The outcome of the debate on what constitutes a disorder is important because it will influence

A) research.
B) treatment.
C) public policy.
D) All of these

Question 37

The current version of the DSM is a diagnostic system that is used by psychologists and other mental health professionals

A) to diagnose patients.
B) for insurance reimbursement purposes.
C) for research purposes.
D) All of these

Question 38

Wakefield's definition of a disorder includes

A) a value judgment regarding the basic goodness of people.
B) an assumption that an evolutionary failure occurred.
C) a strong belief in herbal remedies for treatment.
D) All of these

Question 39

Which of the following would NOT typically be assessed in a routine mental status examination?

A) short-term memory
B) memory for one's own name
C) memory for who is currently serving as President of the United States.
D) All of these would typically be assessed.

Question 40

Forensic psychological assessment entails evaluation in matters involving

A) whether a parent should retain custody of a child.
B) whether an individual is competent to stand trial.
C) whether an individual is guilty by reason of insanity.
D) All of these

Question 41

"If a person is judged to be mentally retarded,psychotic,or suffering from a debilitating neurological disorder,that person is automatically judged to be incompetent to stand trial." This statement is

A) true.
B) false.
C) true if two or more of the listed criteria are met.
D) true if the defendant was a minor at the time of the alleged offense.

Question 42

A stress interview is most similar in nature to

A) an analogue study.
B) a mental status examination.
C) a structured interview.
D) watching back-to-back episodes of America's Got Talent.

Question 43

One problem in confirming a diagnosis of child abuse is that

A) no legal definition of this term exists.
B) signs of abuse may also be symptoms of other conditions.
C) definitions of this term vary from state to state.
D) professionals who wrongfully report abuse or neglect, even in good faith, are subject to fines, imprisonment, or both.

Question 44

According to your textbook,who of the following was known for encouraging the use of a test battery rather than the use of a single psychological test?

A) Thurstone
B) Mooney
C) Farha
D) Rapaport

Question 45

Which question might a mental health professional be MOST likely to be asked during the course of a civil proceeding?

A) Is this individual competent to stand trial?
B) Was this individual sane at the time the crime was committed?
C) To what extent did this individual suffer emotional distress?
D) All of these

Question 46

Which tools of psychological assessment are used to assess child abuse and neglect?

A) psychological tests
B) interviews
C) anatomically correct dolls
D) All of these

Question 47

Amy is a teenager with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia.She understands that she is being charged with assaulting her parents,and she is able to assist her attorney in her defense.Amy will MOST probably be found by the court

A) competent to stand trial.
B) incompetent to stand trial.
C) competent but not mentally able to stand trial.
D) competent but not physically able to stand trial.

Question 48

A group of personality tests administered to a client is referred to as a

A) personality test battery.
B) personality mix.
C) personality re-mix.
D) specific battery.

Question 49

Research on the Psychopathy Checklist suggests that it is useful in

A) predicting crimes committed by inmates.
B) identifying a psychotic disorder.
C) identifying criminal recidivists.
D) predicting violence within prisons.

Question 50

A compromise between the two extreme positions in the clinical versus mechanical prediction controversy has it that clinical information developed by clinicians be

A) put to optimal use by computers using decision rules.
B) reviewed and modified by other clinicians before submission for processing by computer.
C) checked by computer before submission to a panel of "second opinion" clinicians for action.
D) sent to the main frame supercomputer at the National Institutes of Health for processing using that organization's own data base

Question 51

The most commonly used measure of depression is

A) the MMPI-II.
B) the Beck Depression Inventory.
C) the Draw-A-Person.
D) the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).

Question 52

Which of the following statements BEST exemplifies the Barnum effect in report writing?

A) "Herb exhibits significant indicators of a specific learning disability in the visual channel of learning."
B) "At times, Betty's unconscious hostile urges become evident in the form of expressed anger."
C) "Patty's mild mental retardation indicates that she may need close supervision in a job setting."
D) "Tom reports frequent auditory hallucinations commanding him to take out the garbage."

Question 53

A clinician's note that a person is "oriented x 3." This means that the person is oriented to

A) person, place, and thing.
B) person, place, and time.
C) who, what, and where.
D) when, where, and how.

Question 54

Which of the following tools of assessment is MOST frequently used by clinicians in their daily work?

A) an interview
B) a rating scale
C) a picture-story projective test
D) reports from others

Question 55

In determining parental custody

A) one impartial mental health professional is always used to assess both parents.
B) tests of intelligence or personality may be necessary in addition to interviews.
C) the child's parental preference will not be taken into account by the court.
D) All of these

Question 56

A psychotic individual who has broken the law and has been apprehended would MOST likely be

A) found competent to stand trial.
B) screened to determine if she or he meets the "understand and assist" requirement.
C) found not guilty by reason of insanity regardless of the specific facts of the case.
D) found guilty but insane under Rule Number 76015 of the Federal Rules of Evidence.

Question 57

Which of the following tools of psychological assessment is MOST likely to be used in order to evaluate a patient's level of premorbid functioning?

A) role-play
B) behavioral observation
C) the case history
D) All of these

Question 58

A physical examination is to a physician as a _______ is to a clinician.

A) psychological examination
B) neuropsychological examination
C) mental status examination
D) differential diagnosis

Question 59

The Barnum effect in psychological report writing refers to

A) very technical jargon that is too difficult for lay readers to understand
B) conflicting statements about the assessee within the same report.
C) statements that are by their very nature tend to be prejudicial.
D) vague, general statements that could be applied to most people.

Question 60

Computer-based test interpretation

A) is always actuarial in nature.
B) may be actuarial in nature.
C) has nothing to do with actuarial assessment.
D) is synonymous with mechanical prediction.

Question 61

Data from the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP)is MOST likely to be used

A) by police when responding to domestic disputes.
B) to provide evidence of child abuse in a court of law.
C) to compel abusive parents to take a risk-reduction class.
D) to prioritize families for social services.

Question 62

One way in which the description of disorders has changed in successive editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)is that greater __________ is in evidence with regard to the descriptions of the various disorders.

A) specificity
B) breadth
C) cultural sensitivity
D) reliance on psychoanalytic theory

Question 63

An experiment is conducted wherein college student subjects play the role of party-goers who are their thinking aloud as they are being asked to participate in illicit drug use.What tool of assessment is being used?

A) case study
B) behavioral analogue
C) the MAC-R
D) drug paraphernalia

Question 64

Dr.Marks wishes to conduct a research study having to do with the private lives and thoughts of substance abusers.Which ethical issue is MOST relevant for Dr.Marks to keep in mind?

A) the issue characterized by the phrase, "First, do no harm"
B) the issue of informed consent
C) the issue of right to treatment
D) the issue of cultural sensitivity

Question 65

The definition of the term child abuse

A) was developed by the federal government.
B) varies from state to state.
C) requires the direct observation of abusive behavior by a professional
D) does not include sexual offenses against the child.

Question 66

A person with few inhibitions and little regard for others is MOST likely to be found to be

A) a recidivist.
B) a psychopath.
C) a catatonic.
D) a dentist.

Question 67

Under law,the failure to provide a child with adequate food and shelter is considered

A) abuse.
B) neglect.
C) malnourishment.
D) abandonment.

Question 68

As presented in the Chapter 14 Everyday Psychometrics,

A) there exists no one acceptable style or form of a psychological report.
B) most psychological reports contain a section describing the credentials of the examiner.
C) a detailed, physical description of the testtaker is typically presented in the Recommendations section of the report.
D) measurement techniques that are not strictly tests, such as behavioral observation, are not listed in the Tests Administered section.

Question 69

Which of the following physical signs are MOST suggestive of child abuse?

A) crying.
B) a bruise on the knee.
C) poor hygiene.
D) grab marks.

Question 70

Of the following tests,which one is the MOST commonly used in evaluating substance abuse?

A) MacAndrew Alcohol Scale-Revised
B) The Addiction Potential Scale
C) Addiction Severity Index
D) Addiction Acknowledgment Scale

Question 71

Which of the following assessment tools is a new employee MOST likely to be administered by the new employer?

A) the Rorschach
B) the MMPI-2-RF
C) the Addiction Potential Scale
D) urine test for drugs

Question 72

If a psychologist strongly suspects that a child has been abused or neglected,the psychologist

A) is required to tell the parents.
B) is mandated by law to report the suspected abuse to authorities.
C) must discuss the suspected abuse with colleagues before taking any further action.
D) must contact the American Psychological Association's Office of Child Abuse.

Question 73

It is important for clinicians who conduct child custody evaluations to understand that

A) there may be many reasons for a custody battle, some not involving the child.
B) the parents' intentions are always in the best interest of the child.
C) both parents desperately want custody of the child.
D) All of these

Question 74

Which of the following is MOST typically used early in independent practice settings to help devise a therapeutic contract?

A) behavioral observation
B) case history data
C) an interview
D) an attorney

Question 75

A psychological report is BEST written with

A) the diagnosis in mind.
B) the goal of the assessment in mind.
C) the tools of assessment that were employed at hand.
D) the best interest of the referral source in mind.

Question 76

The Parenting Stress Index (PSI)is designed to measure

A) risk for child abuse.
B) difficulties in parenting resulting from particular parenting styles.
C) parent competency to testify in court.
D) how well a parent is doing from the perspective of a child or adolescent.

Question 77

Making diagnostic criteria specific and listing specific areas to be addressed in an interview are ways of DECREASING the ___________ in the resulting psychological report.

A) Barnum effect
B) inter-rater reliability
C) alternate-form reliability
D) All of these

Question 78

The Parenting Stress Index is MOST appropriately used as

A) evidence in court.
B) a predictor of child abuse.
C) a tool of prevention.
D) a diagnostic instrument.

Question 79

One difference between the MacAndrew Alcohol Scale-Revised (MAC-R)and The Addiction Acknowledgment Scale (AAS)is that the

A) AAS requires hand-scoring by the examiner, the MAC-R does not.
B) MAC-R was validated with college students, the AAS was not.
C) AAS has more face validity than the MAC-R.
D) MAC-R is a self-report measure and the AAS is not.

Question 80

A phenomenon similar to the Barnum effect is BEST evident in which of the following?

A) the headlines of tabloid newspapers
B) crossword puzzles
C) birthday cards with events from the year in which one was born
D) horoscopes