Deck 17: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Which of the following can be found in DNA?

A)ribose
B)GMP
C)uracil
D)deoxyadenosine
E)FMN

Answer 1

deoxyadenosine

Question 2

When DNA replicates,a guanine forms a base pair with ________.

A)uracil
B)adenine
C)guanine
D)thymine
E)cytosine

Answer 2

cytosine

Question 3

The unique sequence of bases in a nucleic acid is called the ________ structure.

A)ionic
B)primary
C)secondary
D)tertiary
E)quaternary

Answer 3

primary

Question 4

In transcription,________.

A)the mRNA produced is identical to the parent DNA
B)a double helix containing one parent strand and one daughter strand is produced
C)uracil pairs with thymine
D)both strands of the DNA are copied
E)the mRNA produced is complementary to one strand of the DNA

Question 5

The two new DNA molecules formed in replication ________.

A)are different from the original DNA
B)both contain only two new daughter DNA strands
C)both contain only the parent DNA strands
D)contain one parent and one daughter strand
E)are identical,with one containing both parent strands,and the other containing both daughter strands

Question 6

Which of the following cannot be found in a nucleotide of RNA?

A)purine
B)pyrimidine
C)phosphate
D)ribose
E)deoxyribose

Question 7

Which of the following will not be found in DNA?

A)adenine
B)thymine
C)guanine
D)cytosine
E)ribose

Question 8

Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A)thymine
B)uracil
C)guanine
D)cytosine
E)deoxyribose

Question 9

The base sequence of the DNA template strand is -T G C A A C-.What is the corresponding mRNA?

A)-T G C A A C-
B)-A C G U U G-
C)-A C C U U G-
D)-U C G T T G-
E)-U C G T T C-

Question 10

In the synthesis of mRNA,an adenine in the DNA pairs with ________.

A)uracil
B)adenine
C)guanine
D)thymine
E)cytosine

Question 11

The nucleotides in the backbone of DNA are held together by ________ bonds.

A)hydrogen
B)peptide
C)phosphodiester
D)glycosidic
E)ionic

Question 12

The interactions that link the nucleotides in a nucleic acid are

A)ionic bonds
B)peptide bonds
C)hydrogen bonds
D)hydrophobic bonds
E)phosphodiester bonds

Question 13

A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base,a sugar,and a phosphate group.

A)nucleoside
B)base pair
C)nucleotide
D)complementary base
E)purine

Question 14

The two strands of the double helix of DNA are held together by ________.

A)hydrogen bonds
B)covalent bonds
C)dipole-dipole interactions
D)ionic bonds
E)sugar-to-phosphate bonds

Question 15

The base sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to the segment -T G G C A A C- is:

A)-T G G C A A C-
B)-A C C G T T G-
C)-A C C G U U G-
D)-U C C G T T G-
E)-A C G C T U G-

Question 16

The bonds that link the base pairs in the DNA double helix are ________.

A)ionic bonds
B)peptide bonds
C)hydrogen bonds
D)hydrophobic interactions
E)ester bonds

Question 17

A ________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base and a sugar.

A)nucleoside
B)base pair
C)nucleotide
D)complementary base
E)pyrimidine

Question 18

Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below? -A T A G C T A-

A)-A T A G C T A-
B)-A U A G C U A-
C)-U A U C G A U-
D)-U U U G C U U-
E)-T A T C G A T-

Question 19

Which of the following types of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes?

A)mRNA
B)histone RNA
C)rRNA
D)tRNA
E)sRNA

Question 20

What is the process in which the DNA double helix unfolds,and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand?

A)transcription
B)complementation
C)translation
D)replication
E)restriction

Question 21

Small living particles,with 3 to 200 genes,that cannot replicate without a host cell are called ________.

A)recombinant DNAs
B)viruses
C)bacteria
D)tumors
E)plasmids

Question 22

The anticodon is ________.

A)identical to the codon on DNA
B)complementary to the codon on DNA
C)identical to the codon on mRNA
D)complementary to the codon on mRNA
E)complementary to the codon on tRNA

Question 23

The codon UGA codes for ________.

A)Phe
B)Tyr
C)Start
D)Met
E)Stop

Question 24

During protein synthesis,the codon for an amino acid is found on ________.

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)mRNA
E)sRNA

Question 25

A mutation which occurs when one base in a DNA sequence replaces another,is called a ________.

A)frameshift mutation
B)insertion mutation
C)substitution mutation
D)translocation mutation
E)viral mutation

Question 26

Protease inhibitors,which are effective anti-HIV drugs,________.

A)are nucleoside analogs
B)prevent reverse transcription
C)prevent synthesis of viral proteins
D)prevent mRNA synthesis
E)prevent activation of tRNA

Question 27

Uracil is a pyrimidine.

Question 28

When a mutation occurs by elimination of one base in a DNA sequence,this mutation is called a ________.

A)frameshift mutation
B)insertion mutation
C)substitution mutation
D)translocation mutation
E)viral mutation

Question 29

Translation is the process whereby ________.

A)DNA is synthesized from DNA
B)DNA is synthesized from mRNA
C)protein is synthesized from DNA
D)protein is synthesized from mRNA
E)mRNA is synthesized from DNA

Question 30

Which one of the following base pairs is found in DNA?

A)adenine-thymine
B)adenine-guanine
C)cytosine-thymine
D)adenine-uracil
E)guanine-uracil

Question 31

What tripepetide is coded for by the following mRNA sequence? -UUU AGA CCA-

A)Phe-Pro-Arg
B)Pro-Arg-Phe
C)Phe-Arg-Pro
D)Leu-Pro-Arg
E)Phe-Thr-Pro

Question 32

Codons are base pair sequences that ________.

A)signal the start of DNA synthesis
B)signal the end of DNA synthesis
C)code for amino acids
D)signal the start of RNA synthesis
E)code for one or more bases in mRNA

Question 33

A virus that contains RNA as its genetic material is a ________.

A)genetically engineered virus
B)bacteria
C)recombinant DNA
D)retrovirus
E)vaccine

Question 34

The anticodon of UAG is ________.

A)ATC
B)UAG
C)AAC
D)AUC
E)GAU

Question 35

When mRNA is synthesized using the information from DNA,the process is called ________.

A)transportation
B)transposition
C)transcription
D)translation
E)transliteration

Question 36

Mutations are the result of ________.

A)alterations in the phosphate of the DNA backbone
B)exposure to water in utero
C)physical trauma in the mother's childhood
D)alterations in the sugar component of the DNA backbone
E)alterations in the DNA base sequence

Question 37

Adenine is a purine.

Question 38

The codon is found on ________,and the anticodon is found on ________.

A)mRNA,tRNA
B)tRNA,mRNA
C)rRNA,tRNA
D)ribosomes,tRNA
E)mRNA,rRNA

Question 39

A DNA template having the base sequence -A G A T G A- would produce a mRNA with a base sequence of ________.

A)-A G A T G A-
B)-U C U A C U-
C)-T C T U C T-
D)-T C T A C A-
E)-A C A U C A-

Question 40

The result of a defective enzyme caused by a mutation in the DNA nucleotide sequence is ________.

A)a genetic disease
B)AIDS
C)HIV
D)recombinant DNA
E)translocation

Question 42

mRNA codons contain three "letters."

Question 43

One of the differences between DNA and RNA is the sugar it contains.

Question 44

The codon UUU codes for phenylalanine.

Question 45

Nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 46

The codon AGA codes for serine.

Question 47

The start codon is AUG.

Question 48

The DNA complement of the sequence -G C C A T- is -G C C A T-.

Question 49

The sequence of bases in a nucleic acid is the secondary structure.

Question 50

A nucleotide consists of only a base and a sugar.

Question 51

In the DNA double helix,a purine can only pair with a pyrimidine.

Question 52

Messenger RNA carries protein synthesis information from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Question 53

A retrovirus uses DNA as its genetic material.

Question 54

The unique sequence of bases in a nucleic acid is the secondary structure.

Question 55

The process of translocation involves the synthesis of mRNA.

Question 56

DNA is a protein.

Question 57

The stop codon terminates protein synthesis.

Question 58

Down syndrome is an acquired disease,not a genetic disease.

Question 59

Match the following.

A)tRNA
B)mRNA
C)rRNA
D)DNA
1)picks up the specific amino acids for protein synthesis
2)synthesized by the DNA to carry the genetic message to the ribosomes
3)contains within the nucleus of the cell the information for the synthesis of protein
4)the nucleic acid that contains the codons for the amino acids of a protein
5)the most abundant nucleic acid in the ribosomes
6)the nucleic acid that contains a single anticodon for a specific amino acid

Question 60

AZT is a drug used in the treatment of cancer.