Deck 6: The Human Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Family planning has been very successful in India,stabilizing the size of the population.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Urban areas are attracting more and more residents,partly because of the hope for employment.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Death rates are very high during the preindustrial stage of demographic transitions.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Family planning,economic opportunities for women,and schooling for girls generally produces a higher birth rate.​

Question 5

Full-cost pricing reduces automobile use by increasing taxes on property in suburbs.​

Question 6

In areas of low infant mortality rates,women tend to have fewer children because fewer of their children die at an early age.​

Question 7

Early and modern agriculture has been a major factor in the rapid rise of the human population.​

Question 8

Human population growth since 1960 has been evenly distributed around the world.​

Question 9

Car sharing has been tried in Germany,but was not found to be effective or successful.​

Question 10

The availability of,or lack of,private and public pension funds can influence the decision of some couples on how many children to have.​

Question 11

Urban areas have some environmental advantages.​

Question 12

Scientist can now predict with precision the environmental limits that will control growth of the human population.​

Question 13

Because of the concentration of people,automobiles,business enterprises,and industries in cities,they can never be sustainable.​

Question 14

Over the last 200 years,death rates have dropped sharply because of improved sanitation and health care and the development of antibiotics and vaccines to help control infectious diseases.​

Question 15

Birth and death rates generally decline as countries develop economically.​

Question 16

Some analysts believe that because of our technological ingenuity,there are few,if any,limits to human population growth and resource use per person.​

Question 17

Women who live in rural areas have a lower total fertility rate than those in urban areas.​

Question 18

The United States admits fewer immigrants than most other industrialized nations.​

Question 19

A declining population can threaten the government's ability to fund pensions and health-care costs for retirees.​

Question 20

The rate of population growth has slowed since 1960,but the world's population is still growing.​

Question 21

The demographic transition model helps to explain why ____.​

A) ​death rates rise in industrializing nations
B) ​industrialization leads to population growth
C) ​development requires large populations
D) ​birth rates fall before death rates
E) ​death rates fall before birth rates

Question 22

Urban sprawl ____.​

A) ​improves downtown business districts
B) ​improves urban air quality
C) ​reduces population growth
D) ​eliminates agricultural and wild lands around many cities
E) ​decreases energy use

Question 23

Age structure diagrams ____.​

A) ​show only two age groups: reproductive and not reproductive
B) ​show the number of males and females in the reproductive age categories only
C) ​are strictly for present use and do not provide insight into future trends
D) ​are useful for studying developing countries but not developed countries
E) ​are useful for predicting population momentum

Question 24

A high infant mortality rate is usually associated with ____.​

A) ​a high standard of living
B) ​undernutrition
C) ​obesity
D) ​air pollution
E) ​affluence

Question 25

To keep human population constant,the global total fertility rate would have to equal ____.​

A) ​0
B) ​0.5
C) ​1
D) ​2.1
E) ​2.9

Question 26

The change in human population over the last 200 years ____.​

A) ​has mainly involved regional differences,while the total number has remained constant
B) ​has reduced the total population
C) ​is sustainable
D) ​has followed an S-curve
E) ​has followed a J-curve

Question 27

Which of the following implies the greatest built-in momentum for population growth?​

A) ​a large population size
B) ​a large number of people age 29 to 44
C) ​a large number of people under age 34
D) ​a large number of people under age 15
E) ​a large number of people over the age of 45

Question 28

The term demographic transition refers to ____.​

A) ​a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable
B) ​the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity
C) ​the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates when a country becomes industrialized
D) ​the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred when the germ theory of disease was discovered
E) ​a stabilization of crude birth rates

Question 29

One reason birth and fertility rates in more-developed countries tend to be lower is that ____.​

A) ​infant mortality is higher
B) ​the cost of raising and educating children is much higher
C) ​pollution has drastically decreased fertility in these countries
D) ​all of these countries have restrictions on the number of children a couple can have
E) ​marriage is much less common

Question 30

The importance of children as a part of the labor force,especially in less-developed countries,____.​

A) ​drives down employment among adults
B) ​is a result of low birth rates
C) ​affects birth rates because many poor couples need many children to help with daily tasks
D) ​controls immigration rates
E) ​drives up resource use per person

Question 31

Which city in the United States has used strong land-use policies to control its growth and reduce its dependence on automobiles,and has the nation's highest percentage of bicycle commuters as a result?​

A) ​New York
B) ​Portland
C) ​Milwaukee
D) ​Las Vegas
E) ​Phoenix

Question 32

If current trends continue,China's population of 1.36 billion is projected to ____.​

A) ​double by the end of the century
B) ​decline to as low as 750 million by the end of this century
C) ​stay at its current level indefinitely
D) ​continue increasing rapidly until 2050,but stabilize by the end of this century
E) ​stay near its current level until 2050,but increase again after that

Question 33

The global population of ____ is projected to triple between 2013 and 2050.​

A) ​people who are 65 and older
B) ​women
C) ​men
D) ​men who are 15 to 45
E) ​people who are 10 and younger

Question 34

Educational and employment opportunities available for women affect population growth because ____.​

A) ​infant mortality rates tend to increase
B) ​competition in the workforce leaves men less financially secure
C) ​emigration increases
D) ​total fertility rates tend to be low when women have access to education and paid employment outside the home
E) ​total fertility rates tend to be higher when women have the financial security to have more children

Question 35

Some analysts consider the United States to be the world's most overpopulated country because ____.​

A) ​it has the highest population density of any country
B) ​it has the largest population of any country
C) ​the rate of resource use per person is so high
D) ​of the annual ratio of immigrants to births
E) ​the total fertility rate is currently at an all-time high

Question 36

The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years is the ____.​

A) ​crude birth rate
B) ​total birth rate
C) ​total fertility rate
D) ​crude fertility rate
E) ​population's natural rate of increase

Question 37

Rapidly growing countries have an age structure that ____.​

A) ​forms an inverted pyramid
B) ​has a broad-based pyramid
C) ​shows little variation in population by age
D) ​has a narrow pyramid
E) ​has a relatively large postreproductive population

Question 38

Between the years 1955 and 2013,the total fertility rate in the world ____.​

A) ​increased from 2.8 to 6.5
B) ​decreased from 5.0 to 2.5
C) ​decreased from 2.5 to 1.6
D) ​increased from 1.6 to 2.5
E) ​increased from 2.5 to 2.8

Question 39

China's one-child policy ____.​

A) ​has had no effect on population growth
B) ​has not yet been enacted
C) ​has been copied by many other countries around the world
D) ​has been praised for improving human rights
E) ​was created amidst the threat of mass starvation due to rapid population growth

Question 40

Cities can be susceptible to flooding because ____.​

A) ​they are usually built in closed depressions with no outlet for water
B) ​buildings and paved surfaces increase runoff and overload storm drains
C) ​rainfall is greatly increased over cities
D) ​there are more trees to take up water
E) ​they are rarely built near rivers that can carry the water away

Question 41

Urban populations occupy only about 3% of the earth's land area,but they consume ____ of its resources.​

A) ​10%
B) ​20%
C) ​45%
D) ​55%
E) ​75%

Question 42

Car-sharing networks work by ____.​

A) ​providing vehicles that members can reserve for use
B) ​connecting people who want to purchase a car as a group and share it
C) ​connecting people who could ride together to get to work
D) ​enabling people to rent out their vehicles when they are not using them
E) ​helping small groups of people invest in new taxi services

Question 43

Which of the following takes the fewest resources to manufacture?​

A) ​rapid rail
B) ​mass transit rail
C) ​buses
D) ​cars
E) ​bicycles

Question 44

One disadvantage of bicycle use in cities is that it ____.​

A) ​results in lost revenues for the city
B) ​can add to traffic,noise,and pollution
C) ​commits riders to transportation schedules
D) ​provides little protection in an accident
E) ​is expensive to build and maintain the system

Question 45

Women receive about ____ of the world's income.​

A) ​1%
B) ​10%
C) ​25%
D) ​50%
E) ​75%

Question 46

One of the cultural preferences driving couples to continue having children in India is ____.​

A) ​the preference for female children
B) ​the desire to have both male and female children
C) ​the preference for male children
D) ​a child benefit paid by the government
E) ​a prohibition against birth control methods

Question 47

Urban sprawl is partly the product of ____.​

A) ​the desire of many city-dwellers to reconnect with nature
B) ​uneven taxation
C) ​the high cost of open land
D) ​public transportation
E) ​federal and state funding of highways and inadequate urban planning

Question 48

Areas on the outskirts of cities where people build shacks from corrugated metal,plastic sheets,scrap wood,and other scavenged building materials are called ____.​

A) ​urban islands
B) ​tenements
C) ​suburbs
D) ​shantytowns
E) ​exurbs

Question 49

Some governments have addressed the problems associated with slums and squatter settlements by granting legal titles to the land because ____.​

A) ​they are forced to by protests and riots
B) ​residents can use the title to get loans
C) ​poor people usually improve their living conditions once they know they have a permanent place to live
D) ​property taxes then provide enough funds to extend services into these areas
E) ​this absolves the government of any obligation to assist the residents

Question 50

Since 1980,the U.S.population has ____.​

A) ​shifted to the north and east
B) ​shifted to the north and west
C) ​shifted to the south and east
D) ​shifted to the south and west
E) ​shifted to the north as people seek cooler areas because of global warming

Question 51

Central-city dwellers ____.​

A) ​use more energy to heat and cool buildings than people elsewhere
B) ​tend to drive less and rely more on public transportation
C) ​have less access to family planning than people living in rural areas
D) ​suffer higher infant mortality than rural populations
E) ​tend to lack access to education

Question 52

Which of the following is an advantage of motor vehicles?​

A) ​Motor vehicles reduce traffic congestion in cities.
B) ​Motor vehicles reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
C) ​Motor vehicles produce very little pollution.
D) ​Motor vehicle accidents are common.
E) ​Motor vehicles are responsible for much of the world's economy in terms of production and related services.

Question 53

One an advantage of buses in cities is that they ____.​

A) ​cost-effective only in densely populated areas
B) ​are quiet and nonpolluting
C) ​burn no fossil fuels
D) ​uses less land than roads and parking lots use
E) ​can be rerouted as needed

Question 54

Women possess ____ of the world's land.​

A) ​2%
B) ​13%
C) ​35%
D) ​52%
E) ​76%

Question 55

Between 1850 and 2013,the global urban revolution resulted in urban population increasing from ____.​

A) ​2% to 52%
B) ​7% to 22%
C) ​14% to 33%
D) ​15% to 92%
E) ​45% to 95%

Question 56

The population of ____ is projected to drop 24% by 2050.​

A) ​Japan
B) ​the United States
C) ​China
D) ​India
E) ​Uganda

Question 57

Proponents of high gasoline taxes urge governments to help finance mass transit systems.Currently,most of the revenue from gasoline taxes in the United States is used ____.​

A) ​for social programs
B) ​to fund more efficient motor vehicles
C) ​to ease the tax burden on the poor
D) ​to reduce the price of motor vehicles
E) ​for building and improving highways for motor vehicles

Question 58

"Fecal snow" can blanket parts of ____.​

A) ​Sao Paulo
B) ​Mexico City
C) ​Calcutta
D) ​Rio de Janeiro
E) ​Bombay

Question 59

Pollutant levels in cities are ____.​

A) ​the same as in rural areas because of atmospheric mixing
B) ​generally lower than in suburbs
C) ​generally higher than in rural areas
D) ​rapidly increasing all around the world
E) ​rapidly decreasing all around the world

Question 60

​In 1969,planners in which Brazilian city decided to focus on an inexpensive and efficient mass-transit system rather than on the car?

A) ​Rio de Janeiro
B) ​Curitiba
C) ​Porto Alegre
D) ​Salvador
E) ​Natal

Question 61

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice

On the generalized model of the demographic transition,choose the stage that has a high birth rate and a high death rate.​​

Question 62

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice

On the generalized model of the demographic transition,choose the stage in which population growth continues but at a slower and rate.​

Question 63

An eco-city is ____.​

A) ​car-oriented
B) ​industry-oriented
C) ​profit-oriented
D) people-oriented
E) ​family-oriented

Question 64

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice

On the generalized model of the demographic transition,choose the stage in which death rates decrease and birth rates are high.​​

Question 65

Smart growth tools include greenbelts around cities,promoting mixed use of housing and small businesses,and ____.​

A) ​extensive freeway networks to provide efficient travel to and from work
B) ​concentrating development away from mass transportation routes
C) ​taxing land instead of buildings
D) ​avoiding the construction of expensive mass transit systems
E) ​leaving abandoned urban sites as they are

Question 66

The population of a country will decline if its age structure diagram ____.​

A) ​is widest in the middle
B) ​does not change in width until the very top
C) ​is shaped like a skinny pyramid
D) ​is shaped like a broad-based pyramid
E) ​is wider at the top than at the bottom

Question 67

____________________ is the average number of years a person born in the year of the estimate can be expected to live.​

Question 68

In an eco-city,plants are utilized to provide shade and beauty.Typically,the plants are ____.

A) ​always fast-growing,broadleaf plants
B) ​adapted to local climate and soils
C) ​adapted so they do not use much water
D) ​resistant to pests
E) ​always endemic plants

Question 69

____________________ involves the provision of education and clinical services that can help couples to choose how many children to have and when to have them.​

Question 70

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.

On the generalized population age structure figure,choose the diagram with demographic momentum.​

Question 71

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.

On the generalized population age structure figure,choose the diagram that shows a declining population.​

Question 72

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.

On the generalized population age structure figure,choose the diagram that represents a population that is increasing slowly.​

Question 73

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice

On the generalized model of the demographic transition,choose the stage in which most countries experience zero growth rate.​

Question 74

The movement of people into and out of specific geographic areas is called ____________________.​

Question 75

Human populations grow or decline in particular countries,cities,or other areas through the interplay of three factors: births,____________________,and migration.​

Question 76

The period of high birth rates in the United States between 1946 and 1964 is known as the ____________________.​

Question 77

Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.

On the generalized population age structure figure,choose the diagram with similar numbers of males and females in the prereproductive as in the reproductive age.​​

Question 78

Most cities do not benefit from the free ecosystem services provided by ____,including air purification,generation of oxygen,removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide,control of soil erosion,and the provision of habitat for wildlife.​

A) ​meat production
B) ​the ocean
C) ​rainforests in the tropics
D) ​bacteria
E) ​vegetation

Question 79

People who have to leave their homes and sometimes their countries because of water or food shortages,soil erosion,or some other form of environmental degradation or depletion are called ____________________.​

Question 80

____________________ refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities.​