Deck 8: Treatment Procedures

Question 1

Cones are a form of secondary collimation systems for use with electron beam therapy.These cones prevent the increase interaction electrons in air upon leaving the beam.

Answer 1

True
The mass and charge of the electron give rise to increased interactions in air compared to those of a photon beam.This scattering of the electron beam necessitates the extension of collimation (field shaping)close to the treatment surface,improving radiation dose distribution by sharpening the dose gradient at the beam edges.Secondary collimation systems for electron beam take the form of cones attached to the treatment accessory tray of the gantry.

Question 2

An anterior oblique and posterior oblique treatment field is an example of:

A) arc therapy
B) four-field box or brick
C) wedge pair
D) parallel opposed portals (POP)

Answer 2

D
The most basic multiple-field treatment technique is the POP.Examples of those are anterior/posterior fields,right-and-left laterals,and anterior oblique-posterior oblique.

Question 3

A series of documentation and activities performed with the purpose of optimizing patient care is called:

A) quality control
B) quality auditing
C) quality assurance program
D) quality of life

Answer 3

C
Regulatory and accrediting agencies establish standards to which a radiation oncology facility must adhere.The QA program consists of activities and documentation performed with the goal of optimizing patient care.The treatment chart is the primary component of an institution's quality assurance program.

Question 4

A shifting field arrangement (feathering)often used in treatment of brain and spinal cord is used primarily to:

A) prevent "hot" spots
B) prevent "cold" spots
C) increase the dose of the gapped area
D) spare overlaying skin tissue

Question 5

Based partially on historical studies showing a reduction in treatment error associated with increased portal imaging,________ portal imaging for radical cases has become an accepted but not universally implemented standard.

A) twice-daily
B) weekly
C) monthly
D) initial and final

Question 6

The goal of radiation therapy planning is to deliver an evenly distributed radiation dose to the ________ while minimizing the dose to the normal surrounding tissue.

A) isodose lines
B) target volume
C) hinge angle
D) penumbra

Question 7

Inherent errors in daily setup are:

A) modified errors
B) critical errors
C) systemic errors
D) random errors

Question 8

Increased skin doses may be seen on patients caused by the interaction of the photon beam with material used in beam-shaping and/or modifying devices.Therefore,to prevent electron contamination,all devices must be secured at a minimum of ______ from the surface of the patient.

A) 3 cm
B) 5 cm
C) 15 cm
D) 20 cm

Question 9

The radiation therapist is responsible for which of the following?
I)Deliver radiation therapy treatments
II)Monitor and operate sophisticated equipment
III)Maintained detailed records of treatment
IV)Producing the patient's treatment plan

A) I and II
B) I,II,and III
C) I,III,and IV
D) I,II,and IV

Question 10

Individual treatment doses may be defined as:

A) fractionation
B) protraction
C) treatment field
D) beam modifiers

Question 11

Informed consent consists of which of the following?
I)purpose
II)treatment alternatives
III)benefits and risks
IV)disclaimer

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) I,II,and III
D) I,II,III,and IV

Question 12

Arrange the following tasks involved in delivering a dose of radiation therapy in the proper order. I.Complete treatment record
II)Initiate beam-on setting and monitor the patient and equipment
III)Align the field using lasers,light field,and surface landmarks
IV)Prepare the room

A) I,II,III,IV
B) II,I,III,IV
C) IV,II,I,III
D) IV,III,II,I

Question 13

The comprehensive electronic medical record (EMR)in radiation oncology may include all of the following except:

A) patient's history and physical
B) schedules
C) clinical charting
D) radiation treatment details

Question 14

Record and verify (RV)provides a therapist with a check system against those most recently prescribed for a particular field and can prevent the action of a treatment error.

Question 15

Which of the following clinical situations do not lend themselves to the reproducible placement of localization marks?
I)mobile skin surfaces
II)elderly and/or obese patients
III)areas covered by dressings
IV)sloping surfaces such as the breast

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) I,II,and III
D) I,II,III,and IV

Question 16

In radiation therapy,which of the following refers to materials whose interactions with the radiation beam mimic those of tissue?

A) wedge
B) electron cutout
C) internal or external shield
D) bolus

Question 17

Which of the following is not considered a part of the radiation oncology team responsible for the department's quality assurance?

A) radiation therapist
B) dosimetrist
C) radiation oncologist
D) medical oncologist

Question 18

Methods of matching abutting fields include all of the following except:

A) penumbra method
B) gaps
C) feathering
D) use of nondivergent beam edges

Question 19

Each page of the radiation oncology record must identify the patient by name and identification number.

Question 20

Safety and care in assessment of pain,mobility,and other factors affecting the patient's well-being are the responsibility of the:

A) radiation oncologist
B) patient's family
C) radiation therapist
D) radiation Oncology Nurse

Question 21

With high-energy treatment units,compensators may be preferred over bolus because

A) greater skin sparing
B) treating the target to a homogeneous dose
C) increase the dose to the inferior border
D) decrease the exit dose

Question 22

Where would the radiation therapist find the information regarding the status of the treatment unit?

A) console
B) Interlock system of the unit
C) patient record
D) cameras in the room

Question 23

In opposing field techniques specifically designed for treatment of breast might be:

A) AP/PA arrangement
B) tangential fields
C) box technique
D) right and left laterals

Question 24

Which of the following is used in shaping the field of an electron beam treatment?

A) MLC
B) bolus
C) aluminum
D) Cerrobend cutout

Question 25

Any equipment malfunctions or setup errors affecting treatment delivery must be reported to the oncologist and physicist.Malfunctions or errors resulting in misadministration must be reported to which of the following?

A) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
B) Nuclear Commission of Incidence (NCI)
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D) company that made the treatment unit

Question 26

One of the main advantages of a multileaf collimator is to:

A) correct for tissue inhomogeneities
B) customize treatment volume
C) eliminate skin sparing
D) replace the need for interlock system of holding blocks

Question 27

The measurement of the angle between central rays of two intersecting treatment beams is:

A) wedge angle
B) hinge angle
C) isodose angle
D) central axis angle

Question 28

Bolus comes in many forms and has many applications.Which of the following is not a material that bolus would be made from?

A) Vaseline gauge
B) water-filled balloon
C) Superflab
D) aluminum covered with paraffin wax

Question 29

Patients are monitored during treatment delivery with megavoltage treatment units by using which of the following?
I)direct visual
II)closed-circuit television
III)two-way audio

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) I,II,and III

Question 30

Wedge systems used include which of the following?
I)global wedge
II)universal
III)virtual

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) I,II,and III