Deck 22: Conventional Fluoroscopy-Basedsimulation Procedures

Question 1

As a radiation therapist,you must assess the patient's needs,recognize cultural differences,and respond to nonverbal communication before and during the simulation process.Which of the following would be considered an example(s)of assessment?

A) Evaluate the patient's physical condition.
B) Evaluate the patient's emotional state.
C) Draw marks on the thermoplastic mask.
D) a and b

Answer 1

D
In the conventional simulator,the radiation therapist should assess the patient's physical condition and emotional state.The therapist should determine if the patient is nervous,fearful,or withdrawn.If a patient requires oxygen or medications or has difficulty standing,sitting,or walking,the therapist can try to make the patient more comfortable.

Question 2

Evidence of collimation,by reducing the diaphragm opening on the radiograph,should appear as a clear ___- to ___-cm border on the processed film.

A) 0.25,0.50
B) 0.5,1.0
C) 1.0,2.0
D) 3.0,5.0

Answer 2

C
Some conventional simulators will not allow an exposure unless the image intensifier is centered in relationship to the central axis (CA).Evidence of collimation,by reducing the diaphragm opening on the radiograph,should appear as a clear 1 to 2 cm border on the processed film.

Question 3

Which body plane displays axial anatomic information obtained from CT and MRI images?

A) coronal
B) sagittal
C) transverse
D) proximal

Answer 3

C
An anteroposterior (AP)radiograph displays anatomy in the coronal plane,showing structures in the inferior/superior and left/right direction (two dimensions only).This radiographic view provides information for planning purposes in only one plane.The depth of the tumor volume cannot be found on a conventional simulator without the aid of a lateral radiograph.This view shows anatomic information in the sagittal plane,displaying structures in the inferior/superior and AP direction.Axial images can only be obtained through CT and MRI modalities.

Question 4

One fluoroscopy-based conventional simulator can serve ___________________ treatment units.

A) one or two
B) two or three
C) three or four
D) four or five

Question 5

A patient's separation,also referred to as IFD,is generally obtained during the conventional simulation process using a:

A) caliper
B) contrast agent
C) radiopague marker
D) target-volume ratio
E) interfraction-motion ratio

Question 6

Mechanical components of the simulator include: I.the motions of gantry rotation
II)collimator movements
III)treatment couch

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) I,II,and III

Question 7

Foaming agents,such as __________________________,have become widely used as an immobilization device.

A) Vac-Lok
B) thermoplastic molds
C) Alpha Cradles
D) bite blocks

Question 8

State regulations may require the use of technique charts,which include guidelines for selecting the _______,_______,and _______ used in deciding radiographic exposure techniques. I.kVp
II)mA
III)time factors
IV)contrast factors

A) I,II,and IV
B) II,III,and IV
C) I,III and IV
D) I,II,and III

Question 9

A(n)__________ is a reproduction of an external body shape,usually taken through the transverse plane of the CA of the treatment beam.

A) contour
B) separation
C) SSD
D) SAD

Question 10

One of the weakest links in treatment planning is ____________________.

A) patient positioning
B) computer speed
C) the therapist's attitude
D) radiographic documentation

Question 11

A __________________ is commonly used to treat pelvic malignancies with the patient in the prone position.

A) wingboard
B) thermoplastic mask
C) bellyboard
D) breast board

Question 12

Conventional simulation,also referred to as_______________________,implies the use of a piece of x-ray equipment capable of the same mechanical movements of a treatment unit.

A) CT simulation
B) MRI simulation
C) digitally reconstructed simulation
D) fluoroscopy-based simulation

Question 13

Selecting appropriate radiographic exposure techniques is a complex process.If you needed to radiograph a patient with the presence of pneumonia or atelectasis,the pathology would result in a(n)______________ of the absorption of x-rays.

A) large decrease
B) small decrease
C) increase
D) no change

Question 14

Optical components of the simulator may include: I.the laser system
II)optical distance indicator (ODI)
III)field light indicator
IV)collimator movements

A) I and II
B) II and IV
C) III and IV
D) I,II,and III

Question 15

All of the following are considered simple immobilization devices except:

A) tape
B) rubber band
C) sponges
D) thermoplastic mask

Question 16

The human body is usually imaged in the following body planes: I.coronal
II)sagittal
III)transverse
IV)proximal

A) I and II
B) II and III
C) III and IV
D) I,II,and III

Question 17

Effective immobilization techniques accomplish the following: I.aid in daily treatment setup and reproducibility
II)provide immobilization of the patient or treatment area with minimal discomfort to the patient
III)support the conditions prescribed in the treatment plan
IV)increase precision and accuracy of treatment

A) I and II
B) II and III
C) II,III,and IV
D) I,II,III,and IV

Question 18

Generally,which term would describe the largest volume of tissue in the patient planning process according to ICRU Report 50?

A) gross tumor volume (GTV)
B) clinical target volume (CTV)
C) verification tumor volume (VTV)
D) planning target volume (PTV)

Question 19

_________________complex immobilization devices,such as thermoplastic immobilization devices and foaming agent devices,to the treatment couch will provide for "tighter" tolerance settings.

A) Indexing
B) Radiographing
C) Taping
D) Recycling

Question 20

For which of the following key staff functions in the radiation therapy process would the radiation therapist be a primary participant?
I)diagnosis
II)target volume localization
III)simulation and treatment planning
IV)fabrication of treatment aids

A) I and II
B) II and III
C) III and IV
D) II,III,and IV

Question 21

Before the simulation procedure,the therapist should explain the procedure appropriate to the patient's level of understanding and inform the patient of what will be required of him or her during the procedure.

Question 22

The PTV planning volume will contain margins for geometric uncertainties,such as:

A) patient motion
B) beam penumbra
C) treatment setup differences
D) all of the above

Question 23

Most treatment planning on the fluoroscopy-based simulator is divided into two types of procedures: SAD and SSD setups.

Question 24

_______________________ contours are the most accurate of all transverse contouring methods.

A) Solder wire
B) A thermoplastic tube
C) A plaster strip
D) CT-generated

Question 25

According to ICRU Report 62,another term used to describe critical structures that may limit the amount of radiation delivered to the tumor volume is _________________.

A) GTV
B) CTV
C) OAR
D) RBE

Question 26

A patient's separation (IFD)= 14.5 cm.If the posterior SSD = 94 cm,what will the anterior SSD measurement be?

A) 86 cm
B) 90 cm
C) 91.5 cm
D) 94 cm

Question 27

A patient's separation (IFD)= 24 cm.If the posterior SSD = 89 cm,what will the anterior SSD measurement be?

A) 86 cm
B) 87 cm
C) 87.5 cm
D) 97 cm

Question 28

Orthogonal images are two images taken at right angles to one another and are usually included as part of the fluoroscopy-based simulation procedure.

Question 29

Complex immobilization devices are time consuming to construct,but relatively inexpensive to make.

Question 30

Presimulation planning includes the localization of disease using radiography and fluoroscopy.