Deck 7: Middle Childhood

Question 1

Children during middle childhood have:

A)a slower growth rate than in early childhood.
B)a faster growth rate than in early childhood.
C)about the same growth rate as in early childhood.
D)the fastest growth rate of any point in their lives.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Chika's parents do not wish to use medication for the disorder he has been diagnosed with,so they have implemented behaviour modification to help Chika be less distracted and have changed his diet to limit some foods like sugar.Chika has likely been diagnosed with:

A)diabetes.
B)ADHD/ADD.
C)obesity.
D)PKU.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

__________ is the ability to recognize that mass stays the same even if the shape changes.

A)Preservation
B)Conservation
C)Centering
D)Continuation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The portion of the brain that shows the greatest increases in growth and function during middle childhood is the:

A)frontal lobe.
B)sensory cortex.
C)parietal lobe.
D)limbic system.

Question 5

When his father asks him to pick out fish hooks from the tackle box and arrange them according to size on the picnic table,9-year-old Pete accomplishes the task with ease.This is an example of Pete's ability to:

A)conserve.
B)classify.
C)seriate.
D)numerate.

Question 6

Towards the end of middle childhood,children tend to:

A)look like taller versions of toddlers.
B)have bodies more proportionate and similar to an adult's.
C)be intermediate in body shape to preschoolers and adults.
D)be the height they will be when they are fully grown.

Question 7

Susan and her daughter,April,are cleaning up their garage.Susan asks April to sort out all the nails by size and put them in separate jars that she has been saving.April does this easily.April is showing evidence of:

A)conservation.
B)reversibility.
C)classification.
D)decentering.

Question 8

Angel is 14 years old and about 20 pounds heavier than she should be.Her mother isn't too worried.Even though both she and her husband are overweight,she believes Angel will eventually slim down because they have talked to Angel about good eating habits.What does research indicate about this?

A)People's genes ultimately determine their adult weight.
B)Angel will likely have a weight problem as an adult only if she was overweight as an infant.
C)Angel has about a 20 percent chance of being overweight as an adult.
D)Angel has a high probability of being overweight as an adult.

Question 9

If Gianna is like most nine year old children,the primary reason she will miss school is due to:

A)asthma.
B)the flu.
C)allergies.
D)childhood diabetes.

Question 10

Emanuele knows that when temperatures drop,rain turns to snow and if temperatures warm,then snow melts.Emanuele is demonstrating:

A)conservation.
B)decoding.
C)reversibility.
D)formal operations.

Question 11

One result of changes in synaptic strength and the pruning process of a ten-year-old child's brain is:

A)the brain changes shape,with a significant reduction in mass.
B)the visual and auditory systems become more sensitive.
C)the brain responds best to low levels of stimulation while this development occurs.
D)the neurons become more selective in their responses.

Question 12

Mr.Abrams,a fourth grade teacher,is reading a story to his students and asking them to concentrate on both the order of events in the story and the ways the characters change in the story.He is helping his students learn to:

A)conserve.
B)reverse thought.
C)classify.
D)decenter.

Question 13

A learning disability:

A)is a neurological disorder that impacts the brain's functioning.
B)occurs when a child has not been exposed to the fundamentals of education.
C)is defined by an inability to process information the way most others do based on learning styles.
D)can be unlearned if the right support is given early enough.

Question 14

Cole watches his mother pour milk from a small glass into a taller glass.Then she pours it back.Cole not only realizes that the amount of milk didn't change as she poured it from one glass to the other,it stayed the same when she poured it back.According to Piaget,Cole must be at least between the ages of:

A)three to five years.
B)seven to eleven years.
C)two to four years.
D)twelve to fifteen years.

Question 15

Increase in the __________ helps the connections of the brain to become stronger and continues during middle childhood.

A)myelin
B)glial cells
C)cortical area
D)neurons

Question 16

Diego is eight years old and getting much better at dressing himself.This is an example of improvement in:

A)gross motor skills.
B)cognitive abilities.
C)fine motor skills.
D)adaptive skills.

Question 17

Nathanial is nearly twelve years old.Compared to his early childhood,Nathanial will:

A)be better at solving problems,as in mathematics.
B)slow down in language ability but catch up when he is in adolescence.
C)have more difficulty paying attention as there will be so much more that interests him.
D)have to work harder to remember all the new information he is learning.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?

A)balancing on a beam
B)using manners
C)reading a book
D)holding a pen in a pincer grip

Question 19

Which of the following is true of physical development in middle childhood?

A)Physical development continues at the same pace as in early childhood.
B)Children gain about three inches in height per year.
C)Although,at age 6,children weigh about seven times their birth weight,the pace of development has slowed down.
D)Although weight gain slows down considerably,height gain is greater in middle childhood than it was in early childhood.

Question 20

The __________ stage is Piaget's third stage of cognitive development between the ages of 7 and 11 years.

A)preoperational
B)concrete operational
C)formal operational
D)sensorimotor

Question 21

Levi has settled into his math homework.He is looking at the types of problems assigned and is determining if he needs a graphing or statistical calculator.Levi is demonstrating the __________ criterion of problem solving.

A)evaluation
B)assessment of obstacles
C)determination of strategies
D)goal setting

Question 22

Performance and knowledge-acquisition are parts of the __________ subcategory of Sternberg's theory of intelligence.

A)contextual
B)experiential
C)componential
D)computational

Question 23

__________ intelligence is the ability to use words and language well to communicate and create.

A)Linguistic
B)Interpersonal
C)Intrapersonal
D)Emotional

Question 24

Dr.Genesis is a capable surgeon whose skill with a scalpel has saved many lives.Gardner would contend that Dr.Genesis's success is due to his high __________ intelligence.

A)bodily-kinesthetic
B)logical-mathematical
C)spatial
D)alacrity

Question 25

Most errors in problem solving by children result from a lack of:

A)intelligence.
B)information.
C)ability.
D)attention.

Question 26

Of the following,which is a category included in the Odyssey of the Mind program?

A)language
B)context
C)technical performance
D)food and nutrition

Question 27

__________ is a person's problem-solving skills and use of everyday experience to inform learning.

A)Intelligence
B)Knowledge
C)Adaptability
D)Functionalism

Question 28

Children's increased competency at problem-solving during middle childhood is due to:

A)improvements in curiosity
B)greater attention span
C)fine motor strengthening
D)decreased egocentrism

Question 29

The __________ criterion of Bjorklund's explanation of problem-solving involves an assessment of the obstructions that may prevent completion of the task.

A)goals
B)obstacles
C)strategies
D)evaluation

Question 30

__________ is an association between two or more pieces of information that are not necessarily related.

A)Elaboration
B)Rehearsal
C)Chunking
D)Classification

Question 31

__________ is computed by dividing the mental age of a child by the child's chronological age and then multiplying the result by 100.

A)The intellectual quotient
B)The experiential component
C)The intelligence quotient
D)The intelligence correlation

Question 32

Sternberg uses the term metacomponents to describe aspects of intelligence that help us:

A)plan and monitor our problem-solving behaviors.
B)execute problem-solving plans.
C)learn how to solve problems.
D)coordinate our knowledge

Question 33

___________ is Binet's measure of an individual's cognitive development compared to that of others.

A)Mental age
B)The intelligence quotient
C)The intelligence correlation
D)Chronological age

Question 34

The ___________ criterion of Bjorklund's explanation of problem solving involves focusing attention on what resources are needed.

A)goals
B)obstacles
C)strategies
D)evaluation

Question 35

Caroline has been part of a team whose goal is to build a machine that can move and climb obstacles without the use of a gas engine.She and her team expect to be part of a national competition later in the year.Caroline is involved in a project known as:

A)the Odyssey of the Mind BC.
B)the Artful Thinking Palette.
C)the Multiple Intelligences Program.
D)an Out-of-School Setting application.

Question 36

The four criteria that are necessarily present for problem solving to occur are:

A)goals,obstacles,strategies,and evaluation.
B)goals,priorities,knowledge,and comprehension.
C)knowledge,strategies,persistence,and evaluation.
D)obstacles,strategies,persistence,and evaluation.

Question 37

Ariana is sorting money.She understands that a quarter is more money than a dime and that a dime is more money than a nickel.Ariana correctly concludes that a quarter is more money than a nickel as well.Ariana is clearly capable of:

A)transformation.
B)transduction.
C)conversion.
D)transitivity.

Question 38

Muhammed is trying to remember the license plate number on his new car.It occurs to him that the letters form the initials of his first girlfriend and,he can put the numbers in a sequence that relates to the year he graduated from college.Muhammed is employing the memory strategy of:

A)elaboration.
B)rote rehearsal.
C)rote classification.
D)maintenance rehearsal.

Question 39

The ___________ proposes that intelligence consists of componential,experiential,and contextual parts.

A)theory of multiple intelligences
B)stage theory of intelligences
C)ecological approach to intelligence
D)triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 40

__________ is Gardner's model that attributes eight types of intelligence to humans.

A)The triarchic theory of intelligence
B)The intelligence quotient
C)Mental competencies
D)The theory of multiple intelligences

Question 41

___________ is Piaget's term for moral development where actions are thought of in terms of intentions and consequences.

A)Immanent justice
B)Concrete morality
C)Operational morality
D)Autonomous morality

Question 42

Which of the following children is not employing a successful strategy to succeed in academics?

A)Mariah finds it hard to focus when there are conversations around her,so she does her homework in the library where it is quiet
B)Blake doesn't understand his math problem,so he reviews the chapters in the book that give examples like it
C)Katelyn couldn't finish her literature homework,because the vocabulary was difficult,so she asks her friend if she can copy her work in order to see what the words mean
D)Hé found his science project was easy to complete,but he needed help on making the poster so he asked his teacher for materials

Question 43

__________ is Piaget's term for a child's belief that broken rules will be punished immediately.

A)Autonomous morality
B)Conventional justice
C)Immanent justice
D)Appropriate discipline

Question 44

What is Carol Gilligan's objection to Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

A)His stages of moral development overlap.
B)Different individuals achieve moral development at different points in their lives.
C)Women and men form their moral decisions differently.
D)Women's moral rationalizations are superior to men's

Question 45

Even though it was against the law to trespass,Heidi sat in the governor's office because of her conviction that capital punishment is wrong.Heidi's stance reflects what level of moral development?

A)preconventional
B)conventional
C)componential
D)postconventional

Question 46

Piaget formulated his theory of moral development by:

A)creating moral dilemmas for his children.
B)observing children playing games of marbles.
C)conducting interviews with parents and their children.
D)establishing a developmental sequence based on the ethics of child care.

Question 47

According to the proponents of __________,children's reading abilities should unfold naturally over time.

A)stage theory
B)nonstage theory
C)scaffolding theory
D)Vygotsky's theory

Question 48

According to Chall and others,children begin to profit from phonics and learn frequently used words by sight when they are between:

A)three to four years old.
B)four to five years old.
C)six to seven years old.
D)seven to eight years old.

Question 49

According to stage theorists,between the ages of 9 and 13,children begin to:

A)use reading as a tool to obtain knowledge.
B)understand the resolutions in stories.
C)use decoding and fast mapping skills.
D)understand the abstract ideas in what they read.

Question 50

Which of the following is not one of Whitehurst and Lonigan's components of successful reading?

A)automatic use of processes
B)knowledge of the conventions of print
C)emergent reading
D)emergent writing

Question 51

According to Kohlberg,children in middle childhood are typically at the ___________ level of moral development.

A)heteronomous
B)preconventional
C)conventional
D)formal operational

Question 52

__________ is the term for moral development where children conceive of rules as unchangeable.

A)Immanent justice
B)Heteronomous morality
C)Autonomous morality
D)Preconventional morality

Question 53

Which of the following is the most obvious change in language during the middle childhood years?

A)An increase in pragmatic sophistication
B)An increase in knowledge of grammar
C)An increase in syntactic ability
D)An increase in comprehension

Question 54

__________ theorists argue that children's reading abilities develop in a series of phases that are qualitatively different from each preceding phase.

A)Stage
B)Non-stage
C)Step
D)Punctuational

Question 55

According to Piaget,which of the following reasons would a 6-year-old offer for why stealing is bad?

A)"I might get punished."
B)"It takes away from someone else."
C)"My parents said it was bad to steal."
D)"I don't need to steal,because I have everything."

Question 56

__________ theorists argue that reading occurs in distinct developmental phases.

A)Modular
B)Gradualist
C)Dichotomous
D)Stage

Question 57

Katsumi didn't know what 'egregious' meant,but he could tell from the context that it must mean something bad.Katsumi is using:

A)fast-mapping.
B)pragmatics.
C)phonics.
D)morphemes.

Question 58

According to Piaget,from about 7 to 11 years of age,children believe that punishment:

A)will happen immediately following the breaking of a rule.
B)is determined by the nature of the crime.
C)does not always fit the crime.
D)should be based on the person's intent.

Question 59

Efia knows her friend should not copy her homework,but Efia values their friendship so she won't tell the teacher about her friend's behaviour.Efia is in the __________ stage of Kohlberg's moral development.

A)fourth
B)third
C)second
D)first

Question 60

According to Piaget,until a child is __________ years old,they have no sense of morality,because they can't break rules they can't understand.

A)seven
B)eleven
C)four
D)three

Question 61

If a child is successful academically and feels satisfied with their efforts,then the child will have achieved __________,according to Erikson.

A)industry
B)will
C)purpose
D)fidelity

Question 62

Rafael's parents are recently divorced.What can his parents do to lessen the impact this will have on Rafael's development?

A)find ways to keep their standard of living similar to that before the divorce
B)reassure Rafael that the presence of stepchildren will not lessen his parents affection toward him
C)as Rafael's mother will likely work,allow Rafael to spend more time with his father
D)all of these can be done by his parents to lessen the impact this will have on Rafael's development

Question 63

Andy suffers rejection from his peers at school.This rejection:

A)will not have a lasting effect,because Andy will grow out of this phase.
B)will not likely impair Andy's adjustment so long as he is included in social activities.
C)will make Andy the target of verbal harassment and negative treatment.
D)is most likely the fault of Andy's mother.

Question 64

Children who have a high regard for themselves typically have:

A)a strong sense of responsibility.
B)leadership skills.
C)support from important people in their environment.
D)a sense of maturity.

Question 65

Teresa places high importance on knowing how to behave in various settings,such as meeting a new classmate,going to a dress-up dinner with her uncle,and interacting with teachers.She is average in her school work and does not participate in sports.If Teresa has high self-esteem,her profile (according to Harter)would be:

A)high in behavioural conduct,high in scholastic competence,and high in athletic competence.
B)high in behavioural conduct,medium in scholastic competence,and low in athletic competence.
C)low in behavioural conduct,medium in scholastic competence,and high in athletic competence.
D)medium in behavioural conduct,medium in scholastic competence,and medium in athletic competence.

Question 66

Harter (1999)determined five types of competence that are central to children's level of self-esteem.They are scholastic,athletic,likeability by peers,physical appearance,and:

A)behavioural conduct.
B)fairness.
C)responsibility.
D)humor.

Question 67

Cyberbullying is:

A)bullying someone based on their race or color.
B)bullying someone through the use of a robot.
C)intimidating someone via technological means such as through e-mail and cell phones.
D)tempting someone so that they are unable to delay gratification.

Question 68

Statistics Canada reveals that about _____ languages make up the linguistic portrait of Canada.

A)50
B)100
C)150
D)200

Question 69

What is the conclusion of research regarding the impact of parenting by lesbian,gay,bisexual,and transgendered (LGBT)individuals?

A)LGBT parents are more likely to be over involved in their children's lives
B)Children of LGBT parents are more likely to have gender issues
C)LGBT parents are more likely to foster high achievement,in compensation
D)Sexual orientation is not connected to parenting skills

Question 70

__________ is one's personal sense of worth and value.

A)Self-concept
B)Self-image
C)The social self
D)Self-esteem

Question 71

__________ is the act of using verbal or physical means to intimidate or embarrass someone else.

A)Baiting
B)Badgering
C)Hassling
D)Bullying

Question 72

During middle childhood,peer interactions increase and typically make up about __________________ of all social interactions.

A)75 percent
B)60 percent
C)45 percent
D)30 percent

Question 73

Compared to early childhood years when interactions with adults and siblings comprise most interpersonal interactions,peer relations start to become important in middle childhood.These peer interactions comprise what portion of the child's interactions?

A)One third
B)One half
C)Two thirds
D)100 percent

Question 74

__________ is a person's evaluation of him or herself.

A)Self-esteem
B)Self-report
C)Self-concept
D)Self-image

Question 75

Tests of __________ for young children have been found to predict success in both elementary and secondary schools.

A)self-esteem
B)delay of gratification
C)self-awareness
D)none of these tests for young children have been found to predict success in both elementary and secondary schools

Question 76

Those children who have the lowest self-esteem typically:

A)think they are the least competent in school.
B)think they are the least competent in athletics.
C)have the greatest behavioural problems.
D)have the least support from those who are important to them.

Question 77

Cindy is able to identify letters of the alphabet and recognize common words such as "house," "ball," and "dog" when pictures accompany them.Cindy would be referred to as:

A)an emergent reader.
B)an independent reader.
C)a developing reader.
D)a pragmatic reader.

Question 78

Of the following,which are potentially negative contributions to a child's development after divorce?

A)fewer available resources
B)less time with either parent
C)adjustment to members of the step family
D)all of these are potentially negative contributions to a child's development after divorce

Question 79

Harris would like to play some video games,but his history report is due in two days,and he knows if he doesn't work on it this weekend he won't get it done.Harris is exhibiting:

A)identity awareness.
B)self-regulation.
C)ego-integrity.
D)a sense of competence.

Question 80

During the middle childhood years,children begin to evaluate themselves against others,which often results in:

A)motivation to improve in areas that don't match with a child's perception.
B)a more egocentric assessment of personal abilities.
C)a more biased assessment of personal abilities.
D)an unrealistic assessment and self-devaluation.