Deck 3: Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Question 1

If the genome is completely known for an organism:

A)it is not possible to recreate the organism,because factors beyond the gene influence development.
B)it is possible to recreate the organism,because the genes will determine what proteins will make up the organism.
C)it is possible to recreate the organism,if there is a surrogate mother available.
D)it is possible to recreate the organism,if there is a sufficient supply of DNA to be replicated.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The amount of DNA shared by human beings is approximately:

A)1%.
B)25%.
C)50%.
D)99%.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In humans,it is the male who determines the sex of the child,because he donates:

A)the X chromosome.
B)the Y chromosome.
C)either the X or the Y chromosome.
D)the cytoplasmic organelles.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Human cells contain _________ pairs of chromosomes.

A)12
B)23
C)24
D)46

Question 5

Aaban has both an X and Y chromosome,which makes the child a:

A)female.
B)male.
C)neither a male nor a female as sex is determined hormonally.
D)either a male or a female,depending on which chromosome is dominant.

Question 6

Genes are composed of:

A)specific segments of DNA.
B)lengths of chromosomes.
C)specific segments of RNA.
D)all of these are correct

Question 7

__________ is the cell division in which the number of chromosomes remains the same.

A)Mitosis
B)Meiosis
C)Karyotyping
D)Cross-over

Question 8

__________ are structures in the cell nucleus that contain DNA and proteins.

A)Genes
B)Chromosomes
C)Alleles
D)Autosomes

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning cell division is NOT true?

A)Sex cells divide through a process known as meiosis.
B)Mitotic cell division involves the passing on of 46 chromosomes.
C)Sex cells are also known as soma cells.
D)The process by which sex cells divide results in 23 chromosomes per cell.

Question 10

Chromosomal disorders are:

A)deviations in the number of chromosomes an individual receives from the parents.
B)due to variations in alleles.
C)mutations.
D)related to co-dominant traits.

Question 11

Hamilton was born with small hands,a large tongue,mental retardation,heart defects,and a curiously distinctive set of facial features.Hamilton most likely suffers from:

A)Tay-Sachs.
B)PKU.
C)Down syndrome.
D)Turner syndrome.

Question 12

During __________ cell division,each daughter cell receives 46 chromosomes from the parent cell.

A)monozygotic
B)dizygotic
C)meiotic
D)mitotic

Question 13

Human sex cells contain __________ chromosomes.

A)12
B)2
C)24
D)46

Question 14

The __________ refers to a person's genetic makeup.

A)genotype
B)gametotype
C)phenotype
D)chromosome

Question 15

During __________,each germ cell receives 23 chromosomes upon division.

A)meiosis
B)mitosis
C)apoptosis
D)fertilization

Question 16

A gene was duplicated during mitosis,an error occurred so that instead of ATGC,it now reads ATCG.This event is called:

A)crossing-over.
B)reduction division.
C)a mutation.
D)transcription.

Question 17

The amount of DNA humans have in common with chimpanzees is approximately:

A)1%.
B)25%.
C)50%.
D)98 to 99%.

Question 18

The __________ refers to a person's physical characteristics.

A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)chromosome
D)gametotype

Question 19

Shuffling of DNA during chromosomal replication occurs during:

A)the reduction phase of cell division.
B)mitosis
C)meiosis
D)apoptosis

Question 20

When an egg and sperm unite,fertilization is complete and a(n)__________ has been formed.

A)blastocyst.
B)zygote.
C)embryo.
D)fetus.

Question 21

Attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine wall is called:

A)implantation.
B)insertion.
C)embedding.
D)burrowing.

Question 22

After ovulation,if fertilization does not occur,the uterine lining is shed in a process called:

A)menstruation.
B)capacitation.
C)the climacterium.
D)puberty.

Question 23

Fertilization generally occurs in the:

A)uterus.
B)cervical region.
C)ovary.
D)fallopian tube.

Question 24

Ana Clara has just found out she is pregnant.Ana Clara is 45 years old.There is a greater risk that her baby will have abnormalities,because:

A)older women tend to have poor diets.
B)as a woman ages,she is more susceptible to morning sickness.
C)Ana Clara will likely get poor medical care.
D)Ana Clara's eggs will be approximately 45 years old as well and so more likely to have genetic abnormalities.

Question 25

As a woman approaches the end of her egg-producing years,some eggs may have been present in her body for as long as:

A)40 months.
B)four days.
C)four years.
D)40 years.

Question 26

__________ occurs when the egg bursts from the surface of the ovary.

A)Pregnancy
B)The stage of the zygote
C)The embryonic stage
D)Ovulation

Question 27

Beginning at puberty,females experience monthly sexual events called:

A)the climacteric.
B)menopause.
C)the menstrual cycle.
D)andropause.

Question 28

The human genome contains approximately:

A)100,000 genes.
B)1,000,000 genes.
C)25,000 genes.
D)the same number as rice.

Question 29

The first cell division of the fertilized ovum occurs in the:

A)uterus.
B)ovary.
C)endometrium.
D)fallopian tube.

Question 30

Amber has been told that she has Turner's syndrome.This means her chromosomes are:

A)XXX.
B)XXY.
C)XYY.
D)XO.

Question 31

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities occurs in females only?

A)Down syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Fragile X syndrome

Question 32

An important conclusion made possible from the Human Genome Project is:

A)genes code for particular,identifiable traits.
B)transcription of one gene may result in several different proteins.
C)a blueprint of what it means to be "human" has been established.
D)all the information necessary to code for a human has been catalogued.

Question 33

__________ disorders involve lengths of DNA along a chromosome.

A)Protein
B)Phenotypic
C)Gamete
D)Genetic

Question 34

The Human Genome Project has been specifically dedicated to:

A)identifying and mapping the genes that constitute our genetic makeup.
B)altering genes that cause genetic defects.
C)developing drug therapies to treat genetic abnormalities.
D)understanding the developmental process in humans.

Question 35

The process of ovulation prepares the uterine lining for a potential fertilized ovum and:

A)increases the acidity of the vagina to facilitate the longevity of the sperm.
B)triggers the start of menstruation.
C)releases anywhere from six to a dozen eggs.
D)inhibits the ripening of other eggs.

Question 36

Which of the following regarding genes is TRUE?

A)Genes are not allowed to be patented.
B)The Canadian government opposes the patenting of human material.
C)All of the human genome is patented.
D)We do not yet know enough about the human genome in order to patent it.

Question 37

The egg is released from the ovary's surface and immediately captured by the:

A)vagina.
B)uterus.
C)fallopian tube.
D)blastocyst.

Question 38

Rather than the normal XY chromosome combination,Tony was born with an XXY combination.What type of disorder does he have?

A)Down syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Fragile X syndrome

Question 39

Which chromosomal disorder is related to the sex chromosomes?

A)Down syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Phenylketonuria

Question 40

Which of the following is a genetic disorder?

A)Tay Sachs disease
B)Down syndrome
C)Turner syndrome
D)Fragile X syndrome

Question 41

The criterion for infertility is failure to achieve pregnancy after __________ of attempting.

A)six months
B)one year
C)18 months
D)two years

Question 42

In a process called __________,both the sperm and the egg are placed in the fallopian tube in an attempt to achieve fertilization.

A)in vitro fertilization
B)zygote intrafallopian transfer
C)intrauterine transfer
D)gamete intrafallopian transfer

Question 43

Tricia recently gave birth to twins with identical features.What type of twins are these?

A)Heterozygous
B)Monozygotic
C)Dizygotic
D)Nonidentical

Question 44

In males,the cause of infertility is generally:

A)STDs.
B)hormonal abnormalities.
C)structural abnormalities.
D)low sperm counts.

Question 45

Of the following assisted reproduction technologies,which would potentially use the services of a sperm donor?

A)IVF
B)GIFT
C)IUI
D)All of these are correct

Question 46

Which of the following is true of dizygotic twins?

A)They come from the same fertilized egg.
B)They share identical genetic information.
C)They result from one egg that divides after being fertilized by two separate sperm.
D)They are nonidentical and do not share the same DNA.

Question 47

The most familiar form of assisted reproductive technology is:

A)in vitro fertilization.
B)artificial insemination by donor.
C)gamete intrafallopian transfer.
D)zygote intrafallopian transfer.

Question 48

Adoption can now be a process that involves raising a child with two sets of parents,the biological and the adoptive parents.The process leading to this is called:

A)a negotiated adoption.
B)an open adoption.
C)a voluntary adoption.
D)a closed adoption.

Question 49

Approximately how long is sperm capable of fertilizing an egg following ejaculation?

A)12 hours
B)12 to 18 hours
C)18 to 36 hours
D)24 to 48 hours

Question 50

How much do sperm donors get paid in Canada?

A)less than minimum wage
B)$20 per sample
C)between four and six hundred dollars
D)sperm donors do not get paid in Canada

Question 51

How many forms of assisted reproductive technologies are available today?

A)three
B)four
C)five
D)nine

Question 52

__________ is a condition in which tissue normally found in the uterine area grows in other areas such as the fallopian tubes.

A)Vaginismus
B)Menopause
C)Endometriosis
D)Dyspareunia

Question 53

When a woman's ovaries release two ripened eggs,and separate sperm fertilizes both,the resulting twins are called:

A)dizygotic.
B)monozygotic.
C)identical.
D)monochorionic.

Question 54

__________ is the ART that involves introducing sperm directly into the woman's uterus.

A)GIFT
B)IVF
C)ZIFT
D)IUI

Question 55

Maya would like to delay pregnancy,but she doesn't want to worry about the disorders associated with older ova.She decides to have her eggs harvested and stored for later use.How long will Maya's eggs be viable?

A)5 to 7 weeks
B)5 to 7 months
C)up to a year
D)for years

Question 56

Closed adoption refers to a situation where:

A)a biological family member adopts a child.
B)the adoption choices are limited by factors of sex or race.
C)the adoption is controlled by the state.
D)the adopted child's history is sealed by the court.

Question 57

In females,the most common cause of infertility is:

A)an alkaline vagina.
B)irregular ovulation.
C)STD's.
D)problems with fallopian tube motility.

Question 58

Freja is concerned for her sister who has been unable to carry a pregnancy to term.As Freja has two children of her own,she has offered to carry her sister's fertilized ova so that her sister may know the joy of motherhood as well.Freja is acting as a(n):

A)egg donor
B)surrogate mother.
C)midwife.
D)au pair.

Question 59

Which of the following is an accurate statement about conclusions based on twin studies?

A)Because identical twins have the same genotype,similarities can be linked to genetic influences,while differences can be linked to environmental factors.
B)Identical twins are similar because of their common genes,while fraternal twins are as different as non-twin siblings.
C)Similarities cannot be attributed to genetics exclusively,because the environment for identical twins is often more similar than for fraternal twins or siblings.
D)Identical twins are the best subjects for teasing apart the effects of nature and nurture.

Question 60

What is the most commonly used assisted reproduction technology?

A)In vitro fertilization
B)Artificial insemination by donor
C)Gamete intrafallopian transfer
D)Zygote intrafallopian transfer

Question 61

The germinal period lasts for __________ following fertilization.

A)one week
B)two weeks
C)one month
D)12 weeks

Question 62

The embryonic period of development lasts from the:

A)third through the eighth week.
B)ninth through the twentieth week.
C)ninth through the fifteenth week.
D)third through the twenty-first week.

Question 63

Which fetal diagnostic technique is used to gather information about chromosomal abnormalities and provide information about the child's sex?

A)Amniocentesis
B)Fetoscopy
C)Chorionic villi sampling
D)Alpha-fetoprotein test

Question 64

The __________ supplies the embryo with all its needs,carries off all its wastes and protects it from harm.

A)uterus
B)amniotic sac
C)chorion
D)placenta

Question 65

The __________ period extends from the 3^rd month to birth.

A)embryonic
B)fetal
C)neonatal
D)germinal

Question 66

Alice just found out she is pregnant.This is her first pregnancy,and she is extremely excited to find out if the child she is carrying is a boy or a girl.How soon will she be able to know the child's sex?

A)During the sixth week
B)During the eighth week
C)During the third month
D)During the fourth month

Question 67

Basimah is in her fifth week of pregnancy.At what stage of development is the child growing within her?

A)The natal stage
B)The zygote stage
C)The fetal stage
D)The embryonic stage

Question 68

A non-invasive prenatal test that can determine the well-being of a fetus is __________ which may be done as early as seven weeks.

A)AFP
B)ultrasound
C)CVS
D)amniocentesis

Question 69

Cellular differentiation in the embryo occurs in the __________ period.

A)germinal
B)blastocyst
C)fetal
D)embryonic

Question 70

The fertilized egg is called the __________ when it reaches the uterus.

A)germinal disc
B)embryo
C)zygote
D)blastocyst

Question 71

The nervous system begins to appear in the __________ week.

A)second
B)third
C)sixth
D)seventh

Question 72

__________ is the prenatal test that uses sound waves to detect internal structure abnormalities.

A)Ultrasound
B)Fetoscopy
C)CVS
D)Karyotyping

Question 73

The embryonic heartbeat usually begins around the __________ week.

A)third
B)fourth
C)seventh
D)eighth

Question 74

During the __________ month of prenatal development,the mother begins to feel movement from the fetus,which is now beginning to turn its head and push with its hands and feet.

A)third
B)fourth
C)fifth
D)sixth

Question 75

Fingers begin to be visible on an embryo's hands during the __________ of development.

A)sixth and seventh week
B)fifth and sixth month
C)third trimester
D)third week

Question 76

By the end of the __________ month of prenatal development,the fetus is 10 to 12 inches long and sleeps and wakes like a newborn.

A)third
B)fourth
C)fifth
D)sixth

Question 77

At what point is the fetus viable?

A)End of the fourth month
B)End of the fifth month
C)End of the sixth month
D)End of the seventh month

Question 78

The process by which stem cells become specific tissue types,such as skin or neurons occurs in the __________ period.

A)embryonic
B)germinal
C)fetal
D)zygotic

Question 79

Blastocyst is the specific name given to the zygote when it is:

A)one to three days old.
B)a fluid filled ball of cells ready to implant.
C)beginning the fetal period.
D)fertilized in the fallopian tube.

Question 80

Ultrasound images can provide useful information about a fetus as early as:

A)two weeks.
B)seven weeks.
C)sixteen weeks.
D)six months.