Deck 10: Middle Adulthood

Question 1

The most notable change in vision for people in middle age is difficulty in:

A)seeing at close distances.
B)seeing at far distances.
C)seeing at intermediate distances.
D)perceiving colours.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The cessation of menstruation is called:

A)menopause.
B)climacteric.
C)climacterium.
D)menarche.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The main causes of death in middle adulthood are:

A)stress and alcoholism.
B)falls due to bone loss and strokes.
C)cancer and neurological disorders.
D)heart and lung diseases.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the current recommendation by the Canadian Task Force on Preventative Health Care regarding mammograms?

A)Begin at 40,and then annually
B)Begin at 50,then annually
C)Begin at 50,then every two to three years
D)Begin at 40,then every two to three years

Question 5

As shown in the text book,News Anchor Lisa LaFlamme and late Apple Inc.CEO Steve Jobs are examples of:

A)how attitudes and physical abilities of adults in middle age have changed over the years.
B)how debilitating middle age can be.
C)two individuals who are rare among the aging process that occurs in middle age.
D)the process of aging and how middle adulthood is a time for slowing down.

Question 6

Cultural variations in menopausal symptoms suggest:

A)perceptions influence symptoms.
B)the weather can have an impact on symptoms.
C)genetic factors play a role in menopause.
D)all of these are correct

Question 7

At age 40,if Jan eats at the same rate as when she was younger and does not exercise regularly,she will gain weight because she is not compensating for her:

A)lower basal metabolism rate.
B)higher basal metabolism rate.
C)fluctuating basal metabolism rate.
D)inertial basal metabolism rate.

Question 8

The major method of compensation for the vision changes seen in middle adulthood is:

A)the use of eye glasses to read.
B)the use of eye glasses to drive.
C)exercising the eye muscles.
D)surgical correction of the lens.

Question 9

Which of the following is among the reasons that many middle-aged adults begin to worry more about health issues?

A)They experience a surge in "sex hormones".
B)They experience more deaths of loved ones.
C)There is greater awareness of the need to care for grandchildren.
D)Changes in their bodies are more abrupt than those in young adults.

Question 10

Which of the following is accurate about sexuality in middle adulthood?

A)Changes in related hormone levels and sexual activities change gradually.
B)Changes in related hormone levels occur rapidly,but sexual activities decline gradually.
C)Changes in related hormone levels occur gradually,but sexual activities decline rapidly.
D)Changes in related hormone levels and sexual activities change rapidly.

Question 11

__________ is a general term that refers to a relatively abrupt change in the body brought about by changes in hormonal balances.

A)Menopause
B)Climacterium
C)Menses
D)Climacteric

Question 12

According to the World Health Organization,__________ of deaths worldwide are due to heart disease.

A)20 percent
B)30 percent
C)40 percent
D)60 percent

Question 13

When she reached 50,Kristin found that it was more difficult to __________,which is typical for a woman of her age.

A)distinguish between reds and greens
B)drive at night
C)focus on faraway objects
D)read the letters on highway signs during the day

Question 14

One of the most effective steps for the prevention of heart disease is:

A)good eating habits early in life.
B)moderate to strenuous exercise in middle adulthood.
C)introducing a healthy diet by at least 45 years of age.
D)resistance training.

Question 15

If typical of others his age,forty-four year old Talon can expect to have difficulty:

A)reading small print.
B)driving as he can't see long distances well.
C)discriminating among familiar colours.
D)in seeing six to eight feet away,but can see at near and far distances as well as he did when he was younger.

Question 16

Changes associated with lower levels of estrogen include:

A)less vaginal lubrication.
B)increased risk for blood clots.
C)greater chance of heart disease.
D)all of these are correct

Question 17

The most common cause of heart disease is:

A)inactivity.
B)poor diet,beginning in middle adulthood.
C)buildup of fat in the lining of the blood vessels.
D)genetics.

Question 18

A major change in hearing for many middle-aged adults is:

A)less sensitivity to low-pitched sounds.
B)less sensitivity to high-pitched sounds.
C)less sensitivity to medium-pitched sounds.
D)problems with sounds,in general,if there is no context for comprehension.

Question 19

The main physical change in menopause is that:

A)the ovaries cease to produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
B)there is an increased sex drive.
C)mental health usually declines.
D)the ovaries release only immature eggs.

Question 20

In general,concerns about __________ tend to increase in middle adulthood.

A)finances
B)children's well-being
C)careers
D)health

Question 21

ED is an issue for older males and refers to:

A)erection difficulties.
B)eating disorders.
C)erectile dysfunction.
D)elimination disorder.

Question 22

Even though Sarah is in her eighties,she is very good at cross word puzzles and likes Sudoku,if she has enough time.According to Horn,Sarah is exhibiting a high level of:

A)fluid intelligence.
B)practical intelligence.
C)crystallized intelligence.
D)creativity.

Question 23

What is the main difference between men and women regarding sexual changes in middle adulthood?

A)Men are more likely to be capable of reproduction
B)Women have a more gradual decline in hormonal functioning than men
C)Women experience temperature changes,whereas men have problems with heart disease
D)Men have more need for sustained stimulation to achieve orgasm

Question 24

__________ intelligence is Sternberg's term to describe a person's ability to break down a problem or situation into the smaller parts of the whole.

A)Analytic
B)Creative
C)Practical
D)Applied

Question 25

Physiological changes at mid-life in the male sexual system include:

A)lower levels of testosterone.
B)fewer viable sperm.
C)a decrease in sex steroids.
D)all of these are correct

Question 26

Demetrius is 45.What changes can he expect in terms of his sexual response?

A)A need for greater stimulation to achieve an erection
B)A greater volume of ejaculate,but fewer sperm
C)A faster response time to ejaculate
D)A loss of interest in sex

Question 27

__________ refers to accumulated information and verbal skills over time,reflecting the effects of culture and learning.

A)Crystallized intelligence
B)Performance intelligence
C)Creativity
D)Fluid intelligence

Question 28

Harry,Pete,and Jerry have been golf buddies for years.Now in their fifties,when the subject of sexuality comes up during their games,they are likely to be discussing:

A)their sorrow over the lack of pleasure they now receive during sexual activities.
B)their sorrow over the lack of interest they now have in sexual activities.
C)their enjoyment of longer sexual encounters with their wives because of the need for sustained stimulation on everyone's parts.
D)their increased interest in women who are much younger than their wives.

Question 29

__________ is the ability to think and act quickly and solve problems,as well as the ability to use abstract thinking.

A)Fluid intelligence
B)Crystallized intelligence
C)Reasoning
D)Analytic intelligence

Question 30

Epifanio is excellent at applied mathematics and can solve difficult problems more rapidly than even his younger students.According to Horn,Epifanio is showing a high level of:

A)fluid intelligence.
B)omnibus intelligence.
C)crystallized intelligence.
D)performance abilities.

Question 31

What were Horn's conclusions regarding changes in intelligence with age?

A)Both fluid and crystallized intelligence increases with age.
B)Fluid intelligence increases with age while crystallized intelligence declines.
C)Fluid intelligence declines with age while crystallized intelligence increases.
D)Both fluid and crystallized intelligence declines with age.

Question 32

Much of the research regarding cognitive changes in middle adulthood involve:

A)memory concerns.
B)abilities related to problem solving.
C)intelligence and creativity.
D)issues related to recall and recognition.

Question 33

Risk factors for problems with erections found in middle-aged men include:

A)hypertension.
B)diabetes.
C)smoking.
D)all of these are correct

Question 34

According to the information processing theory,adults in middle age enjoy the advantage of __________ in problem solving.

A)speed
B)creativity
C)life experience
D)common sense

Question 35

For middle-aged males,testosterone has been shown:

A)to decline dramatically.
B)to remain fairly stable,with only a slight decline.
C)to increase.
D)to fluctuate dramatically over the course of a month.

Question 36

Gerard is great at coming up with solutions,because he can identify the important elements of any problem.What type of intelligence does this evidence according to Sternberg?

A)Creative intelligence
B)Practical intelligence
C)Analytic intelligence
D)Pragmatic intelligence

Question 37

Dong-yul is not detail oriented,but he enjoys tackling unanticipated problems at work that require innovative solutions.Because these situations stress his colleagues,Dong-yul is highly valued for his __________ intelligence.

A)productive
B)practical
C)analytical
D)creative

Question 38

Which of the following is associated with men in middle adulthood?

A)fewer viable sperm produced
B)changes in the testes
C)changes in the prostate
D)all of these are correct

Question 39

Bill has noticed that he has experienced a loss of libido,and his capacity to react to sexual stimuli has declined.Bill is experiencing:

A)the climacterium.
B)andropause.
C)the male change of life.
D)impotency.

Question 40

Changes involved in the male climacteric:

A)parallels the changes involved in the female climacteric.
B)include a significant drop in testosterone levels and sperm count.
C)have only recently been validated due to new hormone detection techniques.
D)usually entails needing more direct stimulation to the penis to attain and sustain erection.

Question 41

Esther is considered to be a highly creative adult.This means she is:

A)not likely to avail herself of self-help manuals and training classes.
B)likely to be more comfortable working on group projects so that she may share her ideas.
C)particularly sensitive to criticism.
D)often the "winner" in competitive activities.

Question 42

According to Erikson,during middle adulthood some people become bored,self-indulgent,and unable to contribute to society's welfare.They have fallen prey to:

A)midlife crisis.
B)isolation.
C)stagnation.
D)despair.

Question 43

According to Levinson,the __________ is a time when husbands and wives often reappraise their lives,including their marriages.

A)midlife transition
B)emotional divorce
C)midlife crisis
D)great dichotomy

Question 44

___________ is Levinson's term to describe the period of life that bridges early and middle adulthood and extends approximately from ages forty to forty five.

A)Intimacy versus isolation
B)Generativity versus self-absorption
C)Midlife crisis
D)Midlife transition

Question 45

At age 42,Mei decided to stop spending her evenings searching the Internet for good buys on antique dolls,and instead spend them coaching her daughter's Little League team.As predicted by Erikson,Mei is demonstrating:

A)generativity.
B)wisdom.
C)creativity.
D)construction.

Question 46

According to research,which phase of the marital relationship is a complicated transition period that challenges the coping skills of every couple?

A)Newly married phase
B)Midlife phase
C)Midlife/late phase
D)Late phase

Question 47

The most dramatic decline in the number of an adult's social partners is between the ages of:

A)18 and 30 years.
B)25 and 35 years.
C)30 and 40 years.
D)40 and 50 years.

Question 48

Elizabeth is 52 and is attending college.What is most likely to be her motivation?

A)It is necessary in order for her to keep current in her employment.
B)She is experiencing a midlife crisis.
C)She needs the knowledge to obtain a good job because of her divorce.
D)Now that the children are out of the house,she is looking to change careers.

Question 49

Information processing theory predicts that older individuals take longer to recall items because:

A)they have neurological deficits that don't allow for fast retrieval.
B)they are more easily distracted.
C)they have accumulated so much knowledge that it interferes with retrieval.
D)they tend not to use memory strategies as well as when they were younger.

Question 50

Harold is worried that he will no longer be able to keep up with the younger men at work when they play "pick-up" basketball games during work,so he has started running to increase his stamina.According to Levinson,Harold is facing the polarity of:

A)destruction/creation.
B)young/old.
C)generative/self-absorbed.
D)masculine/feminine.

Question 51

Traditional gender roles,such as the recognition that reproduction is no longer an option or physical intimidation is not as feasible as it was in early adulthood,are realities faced in the polarity of:

A)masculine/feminine.
B)young/old.
C)attachment/separation.
D)androgogy/gynogogy.

Question 52

Of the following theorists,who most closely aligns with trait theorists when considering personality development in adulthood?

A)Piaget
B)Erikson
C)Maslow
D)Vaillant

Question 53

The polarities proposed by Levinson that are a source of division in a person's life include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)attachment/separation.
B)destruction/creation.
C)masculinity/femininity.
D)intimacy/isolation.

Question 54

According to research,creativity tended to peak during:

A)early adulthood.
B)middle adulthood.
C)early late adulthood.
D)adolescence.

Question 55

Of the following individuals,who is likely to be the most creative?

A)Jason,who dislikes uncertainty and can't tolerate ambiguity
B)Howard,who has a high IQ and loves to embellish stories and elaborate on the days' events
C)Brandon,who has many imaginative solutions to problems,but rarely presents them because he is afraid of invoking ridicule
D)Rob,who often comes up with original designs that are totally unexpected

Question 56

__________ proposed the midlife transition as a critical component of middle adulthood.

A)Erikson
B)McCrae and Costa
C)Valliant
D)Levinson

Question 57

What notion do trait theorists support?

A)People are constantly changing,so all life experiences must be considered important.
B)Adolescence and adulthood are more important points in the study of development than early childhood.
C)Adult personality remains the same.
D)Adult personality changes over time.

Question 58

What is the age range that Levinson identifies as the point of the midlife transition?

A)30 to 35
B)40 to 45
C)45 to 50
D)50 to 55

Question 59

Relationships with __________ tend to be the most long lasting and enduring that a person can have.

A)co-workers
B)parents
C)friends
D)siblings and spouses

Question 60

George's interactions with his friends and acquaintances have begun to decline,and his interactions with his spouse and siblings are increasing.George is most likely age:

A)30.
B)40
C)50
D)70.

Question 61

One of the most important factors in marital satisfaction for couples in middle age is:

A)communication.
B)devotion to the children.
C)agreement about career goals.
D)financial security.

Question 62

Which of the following is a dimension of personality on the FFM?

A)extroversion
B)risk-taking
C)attachment
D)compliance

Question 63

__________ refers to the feeling of sadness that parents may feel as a result of their last child leaving home.

A)Empty nest syndrome
B)Emotional divorce
C)Generative loss
D)Filial dysthymia

Question 64

__________ has occurred when a couple has learned to "withstand" each other with the only activities and interests they share are the ones that revolve around their children.

A)Functional divorce
B)Emotional divorce
C)Effective divorce
D)Figurative divorce

Question 65

Muhammad Ali has said,"The man who views the world at 50 the same as he did at 20 has wasted 30 years of his life." Ali's philosophy seems most closely related to the approach taken by __________ theorists.

A)stage
B)trait
C)phase
D)psychoanalytical

Question 66

What is the most frequently cited problem of middle-aged women according to Singleton?

A)Aging
B)Menopause
C)Caring for their children
D)Caring for their aging parents

Question 67

Daniel turned down his co-workers offer to pay him for gas and time if he would let him borrow his truck.Daniel suspected his co-worker was just trying to find a way to "use" him.Daniel seems to score low in __________ according to McCrae and Costa.

A)agreeableness
B)extroversion
C)openness
D)emotional stability

Question 68

__________ includes traits of calmness or anxiety,security or insecurity,and self-satisfaction or self-pity.

A)Tempermentalism
B)Neuroticism
C)Histrionicism
D)Antisocialism

Question 69

Factors that contribute to greater marital satisfaction in middle adulthood include:

A)better negotiation of sexual preferences.
B)more stable relationships with in-laws.
C)less responsibility for the children.
D)more positive self-concept.

Question 70

61.HYPERLINK "" What notion do stage theorists support?

A)Personality is fixed early in life.
B)Childhood experiences are critical to adult development.
C)Adult personality remains the same.
D)Adult personality changes over time.

Question 71

Which of the following statements regarding the Five Factor Model (FFM)of personality is TRUE?

A)The FFM model supports the stage theories of development.
B)The FFM model consists of more than 100 personality traits.
C)The FFM model contends that the basic personality of an individual does not change over the lifespan.
D)The FFM model takes into account the reciprocal nature of the influence of a person and his or her environment.

Question 72

__________ argued that there is no evidence of personality change over the adult years.

A)Erikson
B)Vaillant
C)Gould and Levinson
D)McCrae and Costa

Question 73

__________ identified seven factors that contribute to successful aging based on 70 years of research.

A)Vaillant
B)Erikson
C)McCrae and Costa
D)Gardner

Question 74

Which of the following is a reason that most couples overcome an "empty nest syndrome"?

A)Their children realize they cannot afford to live independently and move back home
B)The arrival of their first grandchild alleviates feelings of loneliness.
C)They have the opportunity to experience "a second honeymoon."
D)all of these are correct.

Question 75

When it comes to raising their son,Eddie,Rose and Henry think that because people are constantly changing and developing,all life experiences are important,not just those during early childhood.This agrees with the theories of:

A)Freud.
B)Piaget.
C)Costa and McCrae.
D)Erikson.

Question 76

From friends who have already gone through middle age,Julia knows that her biggest problem during this time will probably be:

A)menopause.
B)caring for her aging parents.
C)aging.
D)finances.

Question 77

The __________ describes adults who are simultaneously caring for their children and aging parents.

A)"betweener" generation
B)parental imperative
C)sandwich generation
D)"filled nest" generation

Question 78

Of the following individuals,who is most likely to age successfully according to Vaillant?

A)Brian,who is 49 years old,overweight but jogs regularly with his wife of eighteen years
B)Angela,who is 52,just earned her Ph.D.,and celebrated with a cigarette and champagne
C)He-ping,who is 51,has never smoked but is not fond of exercise
D)Justin,who is 45 and put all of his energy into his business,so will enjoy a comfortable retirement

Question 79

According to the research by Vaillant,in order to reach old adulthood in a healthy state,individuals must achieve five or six of the seven identified critical components by age:

A)50.
B)55.
C)65.
D)40.

Question 80

Alan and Lucy are experiencing the "empty nest syndrome," which means they have:

A)deep regrets about never having had children.
B)unpleasant emotions about their last child leaving home.
C)recently lost a child at a young age.
D)moved back in with their parents.