Deck 1: Lifespan Development: An Introduction

Question 1

The textbook specifically warns against reliance on __________ alone to explain development.

A)change
B)plasticity
C)age
D)dynamic processes

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Lifespan psychology refers to a process beginning:

A)at conception and ending in death.
B)at birth and ending in death.
C)in infancy and ending in adolescence.
D)in adolescence and ending in death.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Genetics,prenatal factors,socioeconomic status,ethnicity,and culture are all elements of the __________ approach to understanding human development.

A)epigenetic
B)deterministic
C)biopsychosocial
D)sociobiological

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The __________ period of development extends from conception to birth.

A)neonatal
B)infantile
C)premature
D)prenatal

Question 5

The technical term for the questions that scientists and others ask to determine why events occur is:

A)hypothesis.
B)theory.
C)guess.
D)postulate.

Question 6

It has been argued by your text book author and others that the unique characteristic of humans that sets them apart from non-humans is that humans have an innate desire to:

A)reproduce and take care of their offspring.
B)communicate with each other with non-verbal signals.
C)use tools.
D)understand the reasons that events occur.

Question 7

While understanding individual behavior is important,the focus of the study of development is to identify trends that can explain the growth of all humans.This is the __________ approach.

A)normative
B)average
C)theoretical
D)practical

Question 8

Which of the following does Jordin Tootoo's life story exemplify?

A)A person tends to follow the same path that his parents and siblings did.
B)Individuals can proceed through the lifespan by remaining faithful to their values.
C)The majority of developmental change happens within the first ten to twelve years of life.
D)Jordin Tootoo is an example of an individual who failed to overcome risk factors.

Question 9

As identified by the author,all of the following represent objectives of lifespan psychology as a discipline with the EXCEPTION of:

A)providing an organized account of development across the lifespan.
B)identifying interconnections between later and earlier events.
C)accounting for mechanisms responsible for lifespan development.
D)controlling or redirecting unfavorable aspects of development.

Question 10

Lilith's parents are not wealthy,but they have made sure she has had good medical care through free clinics and have worked hard to enrich her life.The efforts of Lilith's parents would be considered __________ factors for her development.

A)nurturing
B)protective
C)adaptive
D)control

Question 11

An examination of all the many influences on an individual's development is the __________ approach.

A)innate
B)nature/nurture
C)biopsychosocial
D)physiological

Question 12

Lifespan development can best be summed up in terms of:

A)aging.
B)maturation.
C)growth.
D)change.

Question 13

The more risk factors people are faced with in their lives,the harder it will be for them to be ____________ throughout their lives:

A)happy
B)competitive
C)mentally alert
D)financially stable

Question 14

Dr.Fleiss has an interest in how human behavior changes from its earliest influences.So,she spends her time tracking the influence of prenatal conditions on temperament on infants.Using this data,she plans to see how these factors influence the behavior of the children as they age.Dr.Fleiss' area of study is:

A)lifespan development.
B)early childhood education.
C)gerontology.
D)biopsychology.

Question 15

An important result of investigating behavior by using the scientific method is:

A)control over life events.
B)finding the absolute truth of life's mysteries.
C)using the information gained to manipulate others more effectively.
D)to accept one's destiny.

Question 16

An examination of the biological,cognitive/psychological,and social changes that occur over the course of a human life defines:

A)biopsychology.
B)lifespan development
C)abnormal psychology
D)human interests.

Question 17

__________ factors are events or characteristics that influence our lives in positive ways.

A)Adaptive
B)Benign
C)Protective
D)Nurturing

Question 18

A hypothesis is:

A)a carefully formulated question that can be tested through the scientific method.
B)a loosely defined set of principles that can explain many events.
C)interchangeable with theory.
D)may never be falsified.

Question 19

__________ factors are events or characteristics that influence our lives in negative ways.

A)Pessimistic
B)Risk
C)Malignant
D)Maladaptive

Question 20

Eleanora was born into poverty to an alcoholic father and a neglectful mother.These are considered __________ factors for Eleanor's development.

A)malignant
B)control
C)natural
D)risk

Question 21

How are children viewed today?

A)As miniature adults
B)As unworthy of scientific study
C)As the product of their parent's genes
D)As the product of genetic,biological,behavioral,and contextual forces that are constantly interacting

Question 22

Ally,85 years old,is not as quick as she once was:

A)but she will compensate for this with the knowledge she has gained over the years.
B)and will likely continue to decline for the remainder of her life.
C)but this will only show when she talks.
D)which is an inevitable part of aging but will not likely get worse.

Question 23

Gabe was born at 32 weeks of gestation.He is considered at some risk,because he was not able to complete the __________ period intrauterinely.

A)perinatal
B)prenatal
C)neonatal
D)postnatal

Question 24

Are people in later adulthood less intelligent than younger people?

A)Yes,they tend to be significantly less intelligent.
B)No,they tend to be significantly more intelligent.
C)On intelligence tests,they score as less intelligent,but we are probably underestimating their abilities.
D)There is no data available to answer this question.

Question 25

Which of the following is an accurate representation of "childhood" from an historical perspective?

A)Children are miniature adults.
B)Children have an innocence that age will take away from them.
C)Children exhibit a particular joy in life that adults tend to lose.
D)all of these are correct

Question 26

The developmental period that occurs from two to six years of age is:

A)pre-childhood.
B)preschool age.
C)middle childhood.
D)early childhood.

Question 27

The developmental period marked by rapid growth not equaled by other stages after birth is:

A)infancy.
B)early childhood.
C)middle childhood.
D)adolescence.

Question 28

__________ insisted that children learned best through modeling adults and so did not require direct instruction.

A)Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B)Early Christian philosophers
C)John Locke
D)Greek scholars

Question 29

The outward manifestation of psychosocial abilities becomes readily apparent during:

A)infancy.
B)early childhood.
C)middle childhood.
D)adolescence.

Question 30

Christine is having a difficult time.Her friends want her to move out of the house now that she is nearing graduation,but Christine still enjoys her time with her parents and total independence is frightening.Of the following developmental theorists,who would predict this as a typical concern of an adolescent?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Charles Darwin
C)Jacqueline Lerner and Nancy Galambos
D)Jean Piaget

Question 31

During __________,school becomes a major force in development.

A)the play age
B)early childhood
C)middle childhood
D)adolescence

Question 32

Mackenzie is entering the stage of development that will have the most challenges and extend for the most years of her life.Mackenzie is most likely:

A)an adolescent.
B)in middle school.
C)a young adult.
D)in late adulthood.

Question 33

Of the following,who would be most likely to argue against the concept of play as the "work of childhood" and,as such,important to development?

A)Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B)Roman scholars
C)John Locke
D)all of these are correct

Question 34

The modern conception of adolescence was a result of:

A)the recognition that adolescents needed strict guidelines and rules.
B)the acknowledgment that adolescents could work longer hours than younger children.
C)the Industrial Revolution.
D)understanding that extreme emotions were the result of rampant hormones.

Question 35

__________ argued that children must have formal instruction in order to become functional adults.

A)Rene Descartes
B)William James
C)John Locke
D)Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 36

During __________,the main focus is the search for identity,often complicated by the changes brought on by puberty.

A)adolescence
B)middle childhood
C)early adulthood
D)late childhood

Question 37

The developmental period known as infancy lasts from birth to about:

A)four years of age.
B)three years of age.
C)two years of age.
D)about one year of age.

Question 38

Which of the following statements best suits the concept of adulthood?

A)Adulthood is the beginning of inevitable decline.
B)Adulthood is just as important as childhood in understanding the lifespan.
C)Adulthood is a time of stability as exemplified by the saying,"You can't teach an old dog new tricks."
D)Development is complete at the end of adolescence.

Question 39

Although declining health may be a concern,increased wisdom is considered a benefit of:

A)middle adulthood.
B)late middle adulthood.
C)later adulthood.
D)the "old old."

Question 40

According to most theorists,the conflict that adolescents experience with their parents:

A)is only slightly higher than that of childhood.
B)is an inevitable if uncomfortable part of maturation.
C)makes the transition to adulthood easier as emotional bonds are often strained.
D)is virtually nonexistent in most cases.

Question 41

A psychologist wants to know if the expansion of intellectual ability is the result of a slow,but steady process or the result of distinct,cognitive stages.She is concerned with which lifespan issue?

A)Culture and development
B)Gender and development
C)Continuity versus discontinuity
D)Nature versus nurture

Question 42

Martin knows that Heather's family recently emigrated from Ireland,so he expects that she will be a hard drinker and perhaps a good story teller.His expectations of her behavior are based on a(n)__________ understanding of Heather's culture.

A)significant
B)intermediate
C)superficial
D)social

Question 43

Family,school,work and the media make up the __________ process in development.

A)psychological
B)biological
C)epigenetic
D)social

Question 44

The way children learn to process information and retain that information in their memory is an example of what element of the biopsychosocial model?

A)biological
B)social
C)physical
D)psychological

Question 45

The Japanese place great value on formal education,and this value is passed on from generation to generation.This is an example of:

A)race.
B)ethnicity.
C)culture.
D)nationalism.

Question 46

At which level of cultural understanding does one know the facts that make up another person's cultural history?

A)Superficial
B)Intermediate
C)Significant
D)Intensive

Question 47

Rose and Amber are on a game show where the contestant who thinks of the answer and responds by pressing an indicator button first wins.Rose is 63 and Amber is 38.If Amber out competes Rose,research on older adults would suggest Amber's advantage is due to:

A)her larger intact memory store.
B)ability to synthesize and connect facts.
C)anxiety and so greater motivation.
D)her quicker response time.

Question 48

Franco has nearly always been compulsive,but as he ages his rituals are becoming increasingly more disruptive.Analysis of this behavior relates to the __________ process of development.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)social
D)cultural

Question 49

The epigenetic view stressed the:

A)interaction between heredity and environment.
B)role of genes in developmental outcomes.
C)separation of nature and nurture in understanding development.
D)the importance of social influences on genetic expression.

Question 50

__________ refers to the customs,values,and traditions inherent in one's environment.

A)Culture
B)Biopsychosocial interactions
C)Development
D)None of these

Question 51

Fatima is worried about whether she will develop Huntington's Chorea as her mother died from the disease.Fatima is showing concern about the __________ process of development.

A)cultural
B)cognitive
C)biological
D)social

Question 52

Investigation of the influences of cognition and personality are part of the __________ process in development.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)social
D)cultural

Question 53

Raoul meets with his friends for bridge games each Friday.The companionship has gone a long way to make his old age pleasant.This positive influence is part of the __________ process of development.

A)biological
B)social
C)psychological
D)personality

Question 54

__________ refers to the view that development proceeds steadily and sequentially.

A)Epigenesis
B)Homeostasis
C)Determinism
D)Continuity

Question 55

Dr.Hutchinson is interested in the influence of glamour magazines on the incidence of eating disorders in adolescent girls.Dr.Hutchinson is focused on the __________ processes in development.

A)psychological
B)personality
C)social
D)cognitive

Question 56

Professor Heidake argues that development unfolds in a series of measured and deliberate changes.His view suggests that development is a(n)__________ process.

A)discontinuous
B)continuous
C)unpredictable
D)epigenetic

Question 57

What is meant by "biopsychosocial interactions" on development?

A)The interplay of genetics and biology determines our developmental outcomes.
B)Genetic,biological,environmental,and social forces all impact development.
C)Development is a process of both gain and loss.
D)Many forces impact development except for genetics.

Question 58

Which level of cultural understanding refers to the understanding and appreciation of the values,beliefs,and norms that structure a person's worldview?

A)Superficial
B)Intermediate
C)Significant
D)Intensive

Question 59

Children are able to walk,because they crawled earlier and then are able to run,because they built upon the skills they learned while walking.Each of these behaviors proceeds in a predictable order at a relatively steady pace for each child.This illustrates the concept of __________ in development.

A)continuity
B)epigenesis
C)trait theory
D)causality

Question 60

The epigenetic view of development was replaced by:

A)trait theories.
B)stage theories.
C)the biopsychosocial approach.
D)genetic determinism.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a type of descriptive study?

A)Self-report
B)Case
C)Observational
D)Manipulative

Question 62

With which data collection method(s)does the researcher gather information without conducting an experiment?

A)Descriptive studies
B)Manipulative experiments
C)Naturalistic experiments
D)Manipulative and naturalistic experiments

Question 63

A(n)__________ is a prediction that can be tested through research and subsequently supported or rejected.

A)hypothesis
B)syllogism
C)theory
D)principle

Question 64

A disadvantage of descriptive studies is:

A)they are most effective with small numbers of subjects.
B)representative samples are difficult to gather.
C)statistical analysis is limited to graphs.
D)the researcher has no control over either subjects or the events influencing their behavior.

Question 65

A researcher interviews 5,000 people regarding their sexual attitudes and behaviors.What type of data collection method is she using?

A)Self-report study
B)Case study
C)Manipulative experiment
D)Naturalistic experiment

Question 66

As emphasized by the text author,the developmental paths that unfold for each individual are largely a product of:

A)their genetic makeup.
B)the interaction between genes and the environment.
C)the influence of their environment.
D)random and unpredictable conditions.

Question 67

According to Bjorklund,is there a nature-nurture controversy for developmental psychologists?

A)Yes,the controversy rages on.
B)Bjorklund did not speak on the nature-nurture controversy.
C)No,because biological factors are inseparable from experiential factors.
D)He thought the controversy should end,because clearly nature had prevailed as a result of the Human Genome Project.

Question 68

The first step of scientific inquiry is establishing a testable:

A)theory.
B)hypothesis.
C)methodology.
D)explanation of behavior.

Question 69

When you have identified a research problem using a theory (which by definition is well-established),designed a study to investigate the problem,collected and analysed the data,drawn conclusions,and communicated the conclusions to your peers,you have engaged in:

A)the common sense approach to psychology.
B)applied research.
C)the scientific method.
D)the descriptive process.

Question 70

A researcher conducts a detailed study of a 13-year-old boy who was a member of a gang and was murdered by a rival gang.The study was done by interviewing his relatives,friends,and teachers.This is an example of what research method?

A)Case study
B)Naturalistic experiment
C)Observational study
D)Self-report study

Question 71

The variable that the experimenter manipulates is called the:

A)outcome.
B)treatment.
C)control group.
D)experimental group.

Question 72

According to the text author,regardless of the method of investigation,the ultimate question for understanding human behavior is:

A)whether nature or nurture is more important.
B)if traits develop continuously or in punctuated time periods.
C)why behaviors develop and occur as they do.
D)if behavior is adaptive or not.

Question 73

What is an advantage of descriptive studies?

A)Generating a great deal of data
B)Determining cause and effect
C)Discovering cause and effect in real-life settings
D)Determining stability of behaviours

Question 74

In order to determine a cause and effect relationship,a __________ must be used.

A)case study
B)manipulative experiment
C)descriptive study
D)survey

Question 75

The fundamental approach to understanding behavior through the scientific method is through:

A)philosophical analysis.
B)meta-analysis.
C)peer review.
D)testing.

Question 76

While descriptive studies are useful for generating large amounts of data,they are not useful for:

A)making predictions.
B)making conclusions about relationships.
C)inferring cause and effect relationships.
D)understanding developmental processes.

Question 77

According to developmental psychologist Michael Lewis,the developmental changes we experience are directly related to:

A)a stable process that is genetically controlled.
B)the random and unpredictable conditions in our lives.
C)natural processes unfolding.
D)slow and continuous stages that are universal.

Question 78

Which of the following represents the prevailing attitude among developmental psychologists pertaining to the continuity versus discontinuity of development issue?

A)Most psychologists agree that development is a process combining both continuous and discontinuous change.
B)Most psychologists adhere to the notion that development is largely discontinuous.
C)Most psychologists adhere to the notion that development is largely continuous.
D)A majority feel that continuity is not a relevant issue,because development is genetically preprogrammed.

Question 79

The technique that provides a numerical evaluation of how great the degree of association is between two variables is known as:

A)a descriptive study.
B)a manipulative experiment.
C)naturalistic observation.
D)correlation.

Question 80

The __________ versus __________ issue revolves around the question of whether development is more a product of genetic or environmental influences.

A)nature; nurture
B)continuous; discontinuous
C)biological; psychological
D)storm; stress