Deck 7: Populations: Characteristics and Issues

Question 1

Which condition is necessary for a population to grow?

A)Stabilization must occur.
B)Mortality must exceed natality.
C)Birthrate must exceed death rate.
D)Carrying capacity must occur.

Answer 1

Birthrate must exceed death rate.

Question 2

Which organism is affected the most by the accumulation of waste?

A)humans
B)plants
C)small rodents
D)bacteria

Answer 2

bacteria

Question 3

Which phase of a population growth curve is characterized by a slowing of population growth as the carrying capacity is being reached?

A)lag phase
B)exponential phase
C)deceleration phase
D)stable equilibrium phase

Answer 3

deceleration phase

Question 4

If the human population continues to grow as expected,it will reach ________ by the year 2050.

A)12 billion
B)10 billion
C)15 billion
D)25 billion

Question 5

Terms used to describe factors (or sets of factors)that limit population size include

A)extrinsic and intrinsic limiting factors.
B)density-dependent and independent limiting factors.
C)environmental resistance.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following countries has the lowest population growth rate?

A)China
B)Brazil
C)India
D)Russia

Question 7

Which of the following limiting factors is NOT a component of environmental resistance?

A)availability of raw materials
B)organismal biotic potential
C)availability of energy
D)accumulation of waste products
E)All of these are correct.

Question 8

Oysters produce a million eggs of which only a few find suitable habitat to live.They are said to be

A)density-dependent.
B)K-strategists.
C)r-strategists.
D)near carrying capacity.

Question 9

Factors that control populations that come from outside the population are known as

A)extrinsic limiting factors.
B)intrinsic limiting factors.
C)environmental resistance.
D)density dependant limiting factors.

Question 10

A measure of the land area required to provide the resources and absorb the wastes of a population is referred to as the

A)ecological footprint.
B)ecological impact.
C)human impact.
D)human dependent footprint.

Question 11

Ecologists refer to the maximum sustainable population for an area as

A)exponential growth.
B)lag phase.
C)carrying capacity.
D)None of these are correct.

Question 12

On a population growth curve,the ________ phase results in a rapid increase in the size of the population.

A)lag
B)deceleration
C)stable equilibrium
D)exponential growth

Question 13

The human population is currently

A)growing rapidly.
B)in the lag phase.
C)in the stable equilibrium phase.
D)in the lag phase in much of Europe.

Question 14

In a bacterial growth curve,the population follows a typical growth curve until

A)waste products become lethal.
B)raw materials are depleted.
C)they encounter a lag phase.
D)there is predation.

Question 15

When a population stops growing and its size no longer fluctuates,it is said to

A)be at stable equilibrium.
B)be at the death phase.
C)be at the lag phase.
D)have met its biotic potential.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of phases in a typical population growth curve?

A)stable equilibrium,exponential,lag,deceleration
B)lag,exponential,deceleration,stable equilibrium
C)deceleration,lag,stable equilibrium,exponential
D)stable equilibrium,lag,deceleration,exponential

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor limiting population size?

A)disease
B)predation
C)biotic potential
D)space

Question 18

Deer invest a great deal of energy in a few offspring that have a good chance of living to reproduce.They are said to be

A)density-independent.
B)K-strategists.
C)replacement fertile.
D)r-strategists.

Question 19

K-strategists are

A)large and long-lived.
B)small and long-lived.
C)controlled by density-dependent factors.
D)large and short-lived.
E)large and long-lived and controlled by density-dependent factors.
F)None of these are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following sets of characteristics is typical of an r-strategist?

A)The population tends to grow for a period and then crash followed by another growth period.
B)The population size tends to be strongly influenced by extrinsic limiting factors.
C)The organisms tend to be small and have short life spans.
D)All of these responses are correct.
E)None of these responses is correct.

Question 21

Which of the following best matches the description?
Limiting factors that are not affected by population size.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 22

Which of the following best matches the description?
Movement out of an area that was once one's place of residence.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 23

Which of the following best matches the description?
Portion of the population growth curve that shows the population declining.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 24

Which of the following best matches the description?
Comparative percentages of different age groups within a population.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 25

Which of the following factors may cause a population to grow?

A)lower birthrate than death rate
B)higher birthrate than death rate
C)low immigration
D)higher ratio of post-reproductive females

Question 26

Which of the following best matches the description?
Phase in a population growth pattern in which the death rate and birthrate become equal.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 27

The current (2017)human population is about

A)4.6 billion.
B)7.5 billion.
C)4 billion.
D)10 billion.

Question 28

Which of the following best matches the description?
Inherent reproductive capacity.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 29

Which of the following best matches the description?
Combination of all environmental influences that tend to keep populations stable.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 30

Which of the following best matches the description?
Large organism that has a long life span and produces few offspring.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 31

Which of the following best matches the description?
Measure of the number of organisms per unit of area.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 32

Which of the following best matches the description?
Optimum number of individuals of a species that can be supported in an area over an extended period of time.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 33

Which of the following best matches the description?
Limiting factors that become more severe as the size of the population increases.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 34

Which of the following best matches the description?
Period of population growth when the population increases at an ever-increasing rate.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 35

Which of the following best matches the description?
Migration of organisms from a concentrated population into areas with lower population densities.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 36

Populations of r-strategists will be most affected by

A)density-dependent factors.
B)density-independent factors.

Question 37

A typical population growth curve shows an exponential growth phase followed by a lag phase.

Question 38

Which of the following best matches the description?
Small organism that has a short life span and produces a large number of offspring.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 39

Which of the following best matches the description?
Organisms that enter a population from elsewhere are involved in

A)stable equilibrium phase.
B)exponential growth phase.
C)biotic potential.
D)carrying capacity.
E)r-strategist.
F)lag phase.
G)K-strategist.
H)environmental resistance.
I)none of above
J)population density.
K)density-dependent limiting factor.
L)death phase.
M)density-independent factor.
N)dispersal.
O)age distribution.
P)emigration.
Q)immigration.

Question 40

Which of the following best matches the description?
Initial phase of population growth during which growth occurs very slowly.

A)stable equilibrium phase
B)exponential growth phase
C)biotic potential
D)carrying capacity
E)r-strategist
F)lag phase
G)K-strategist
H)environmental resistance
I)none of above
J)population density
K)density-dependent limiting factor
L)death phase
M)density-independent factor
N)dispersal
O)age distribution
P)emigration
Q)immigration

Question 41

K-strategists typically are small and short-lived organisms.

Question 42

The scientific study of human populations,their characteristics,how these characteristics affect growth and the consequences of that growth is known as demography.

Question 43

A population is a group of different species that inhabit a specific area.

Question 44

All the different limiting factors that act upon a population are collectively known as environmental resistance.

Question 45

Predation and parasitism are important in determining population size.

Question 46

Human populations are not subject to the same type of biological factors that influence other populations.

Question 47

The sex ratio of a population is a way of stating the relative number of males and females.

Question 48

The use of weed killers has removed a limiting factor to the size of populations of crop plants.

Question 49

Exponential growth results in a population increasing by a different percent each year.

Question 50

The introduction of genetic and cultural characteristics into an existing population is called emigration.

Question 51

The human population is gradually decreasing and will soon stabilize.

Question 52

Most organisms have a biotic potential much greater than that needed to replace dying organisms.

Question 53

The factors that prevent unlimited population growth are known as limiting factors.

Question 54

The rate of human population growth has led to political unrest in response to unequal access to resources.

Question 55

Population growth is determined by the combined effects of birthrate and death rate.

Question 56

Available raw materials are limiting factors that contribute to carrying capacity.

Question 57

Age distribution and sex ratio have little impact on population growth.

Question 58

Natality measures the number of individuals that die in a population over a period of time.

Question 59

K-strategist populations generally do not reach carrying capacity but rather crash because of density-dependent limiting factors.

Question 60

The ecological footprint of Japan is estimated to be several times larger than its locally available resources.

Question 61

The demographic transition model seeks to explain the steps necessary for a country to move from a poor (less developed)to a richer (more developed)economy.Which one of the following statements about the model is correct?

A)Initially,poor countries have low birth rates and high death rates.
B)As the economy improves,the birth rate rises and the death rate falls.
C)After an economy has completed the demographic transition,the birth rates are low and the death rates are low.
D)As the economy improves,the birth rate falls and the death rate stays the same.

Question 62

The size of the population of an animal like a rabbit is likely to be controlled by which one of the following?

A)The amount of sunlight energy.
B)The size of the populations of owls,foxes,and coyotes.
C)The number of dead trees in their habitat.
D)The number of mice and squirrels in the area.

Question 63

The demographic dividend for developing countries typically involves all the following EXCEPT

A)improvements in public health.
B)reduced numbers of births.
C)women enter work force.
D)children make up a larger portion of the population.

Question 64

In the future the United States is projected to

A)have a decreasing population.
B)have an increasing proportion of young people.
C)have an increasing non-white proportion of the population.
D)undergo a demographic transition.

Question 65

People in low income countries

A)eat less animal protein than those in high income countries.
B)produce more food than those in high income countries.
C)are less likely to eat vegetables than those in high income countries.
D)are less likely to be farmers than those in high income countries.

Question 66

The area of the world with the most rapidly growing population is

A)Africa.
B)Asia.
C)South and Central America.
D)Europe.

Question 67

The environmental impact of a country is determined by

A)the size and rate of growth of its population.
B)the number of possessions of a typical person.
C)the energy used by a typical person.
D)All of the options are correct.

Question 68

Human population growth rates are influenced by both biological and cultural factors.Which of the following cultural factors is NOT related to differences in the population growth rates of countries?

A)Access to birth control.
B)Immigration policy.
C)Age at which men marry.
D)The educational achievement of girls and young women.

Question 69

Invasive species typically have rapidly increasing population sizes because

A)they have few predators or diseases in their new location.
B)they can live in a variety of habitats.
C)they have very effective mechanisms for dispersal.
D)All of the above are correct.
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 70

Rich countries typically have a ________ total fertility rate,a ________infant mortality rate,and a ________number of years of education than poor countries.

A)high;high;greater
B)low;low;greater
C)low;low;lower
D)high;low;greater

Question 71

Which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply.

A)The terms species and population are interrelated.
B)A species is the largest possible population of a particular kind of organism.
C)A population includes all organisms in a specific place.
D)The term population is often used to refer to portions of a species by specifying a space and time.

Question 72

The population cycles of lemmings in the arctic

A)occur because of the severe winters.
B)involve interactions between lemmings and their predators.
C)occur because of density-independent limiting factors.
D)occur because lemmings are K-strategists.

Question 73

Human population growth rates are influenced by both biological and cultural factors.Which of the following biological factors is NOT related to differences in the population growth rates countries?

A)Percentage of young people in the population.
B)The death rate.
C)The total fertility rate.
D)The age at which girls can first become pregnant.

Question 74

The need of people in poor countries to produce food

A)would be improved if more people became farmers.
B)causes people to convert more land to agriculture.
C)would be improved if people changed the kind of food they eat.
D)None of the statements is correct.

Question 75

Human population growth rates and economic conditions in countries are related in which of the following ways?

A)Rich countries can afford to support higher population growth rates.
B)Countries with high income have more children.
C)Poor countries have higher population growth rates.
D)Poor countries cannot afford to have very many children.

Question 76

The number of immigrants entering a country is likely to be influenced by

A)economic and political conditions in neighboring countries.
B)the need of a country to have more workers.
C)willingness of a country to accept immigrants.
D)All of the options are correct.

Question 77

The population of the United States is likely to show which of the following changes over the next 50 years?

A)The population will decline.
B)Emigration from the United States will increase.
C)The average age of the population will increase.
D)The total fertility rate will increase.

Question 78

The total fertility rate is:

A)high in economically less developed regions of the world.
B)high in economically developed regions of the world.
C)high in regions of the world with high education levels.
D)high in regions of the world where few teenaged women are married.

Question 79

Which one of the following countries is experiencing the effects of a demographic dividend?

A)The United States
B)China
C)Haiti
D)Russia

Question 80

Which one of the following statements about population growth is correct?

A)Dispersal increases the rate at which a population grows.
B)The number of males in the population is more important than the number of females.
C)The number of offspring produced per female is very important.
D)A high percentage of young individuals in a population we result in slow population growth.