Deck 26: East and West in the Grip of the Cold War

Question 1

Did the fear of nuclear annihilation and the incredible cost of the United States' military buildup of the 1980s help to make the Cold War too ghastly to contemplate and,simultaneously,too expensive for either side to continue? Give evidence in support of your answer.

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

What role did the personalities,philosophies,and ambitions of individual political leaders play in the Cold War? Give specific examples.

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Marshall Plan/European Recovery Program

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

To what degree was the escalating U.S.-Soviet tension in Europe the result of excessively defensive fears in the minds of Truman and Stalin? Why? What other factors were also involved in the moves of the "superpowers" and their allies and clients?

Question 5

What were the factors which led to the Chinese communist victory over the Nationalists? Was Mao Zedong's triumph over Chiang inevitable? Why or why not?

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain"

Question 7

Was the Cuban Missile Crisis a turning point in the Cold War? Why or why not?

Question 8

Was the Cold War inevitable? Why and or why not?

Question 9

Why did the Grand Alliance,and the Yalta System it spawned,come apart so quickly after the Japanese surrender? Could it have succeeded,or at least lasted longer,if Roosevelt had lived? Why or why not?

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Truman Doctrine

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
George Kennan and "containment"

Question 12

Describe and evaluate China's relations with both Russia and the U.S.during the Cold War.To what extent did the personalities of the leaders of these countries play a role in determining international politics during this era?

Question 13

How significant were the Polish and Hungarian independence movements during the course of the Cold War? What does the Russian response to these movements tell us about the limits of Russian power during this period?

Question 14

Was Churchill's phrase,"the Iron Curtain," an accurate reflection of the actual state of relations between East and West in 1946? Why and/or why not? Did Churchill's words contribute to the polarization of East and West?

Question 15

What were the factors which led to the success of the Marshall Plan? Could such massive economic aid work equally well in other places and other times? Why or why not?

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Greek civil war

Question 17

In assessing the end of the Cold War,who contributed the most to the fall of the Soviet Union,Ronald Reagan or Mikhail Gorbachev,and how?

Question 18

What role did Germany in general and Berlin in particular,play in the evolution of the Cold War? Include in the discussion historical,ideological,and geographical factors.

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Yalta Conference

Question 20

Was Afghanistan the Soviet Union's "Vietnam"? Why and/or why not?

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Berlin Blockade and the Berlin Airlift

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
38^th parallel

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
North Atlantic Treaty Organization/NATO

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Warsaw Pact

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh Front

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
17^th parallel

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Republic of Vietnam and Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
zones of occupation in Germany

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Chinese Civil War

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
People's Liberation Army (PLA)and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mao Zedong

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Geneva Conference,1954

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
German Federal and German Democratic republics/GFR and GDR

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Chiang Kai-shek

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Korean War

Question 36

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Marshall mission to China

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"soft on communism"

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Indochina conflict(s)

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Douglas MacArthur and the Yalu River and Chinese "volunteers"

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Taiwan

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
détente

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Khrushchev and "different roads to socialism"

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Berlin Wall

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Fidel Castro and the "Bay of Pigs"

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Richard Nixon's visit to China

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Nikita Khrushchev and "peaceful coexistence"

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
ABM Treaty/SALT I

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Third World

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Brezhnev Doctrine

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1975 Helsinki Agreement

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Lyndon Johnson and the Vietnam War

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Vietcong

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1968 Prague Spring

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
John Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis and the "hotline"

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"equivalence"

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1968 Tet offensive

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
cultural exchange program

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Afghanistan,the "Soviet Vietnam"

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1956 uprisings in Poland and Hungary

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
ICBMs

Question 61

Soviet actions to balance Western initiatives,and unite,protect and develop its zone of influence in Europe included

A)the secret treaty with France,made in 1949 and publicized only in 1959,to share military alliance information in times of international stress caused by America.
B)the creation of the Warsaw Pact,which created a trade zone in eastern Europe.
C)the creation of the German Federal Republic in 1949.
D)the development of the Warsaw Pact as a military balance to NATO.
E)a treaty with Turkey and Greece guaranteeing their boundaries against attacks by Yugoslavia.

Question 62

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"Vietnam syndrome"

Question 63

All of the following are true about the Berlin Airlift except

A)it was accompanied by a publicly stated American threat to use atomic weapons on Moscow if Soviet planes attacked allied aircraft.
B)it was a result of Stalin's effort to prevent the creation of a separate West German state.
C)it resulted in an increase of tension between the superpowers.
D)it provided Berlin with daily supplies.
E)it did not block the separation of Germany into two states in 1949.

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Nicarauga,the Sandinistas and the Contras

Question 65

In reviewing the origins of the Cold War,the text

A)remarked on the unusual nature of intense competition between two societies so heavily influenced by Western civilization.
B)supports the view of many revisionist historians that United States policies drove Stalin to adopt a hostile view of the West.
C)states that both nations were working within a framework conditioned by the past,from their different historical perspective and their irreconcilable political ambitions.
D)proposes the Cold War actually originated in East Asia.
E)blames the British Labour government for manipulating America into an anti-Soviet policy.

Question 66

Soviet reactions to the Marshall Plan included

A)military occupation of Finland and Denmark.
B)direct participation in its aid benefits.
C)the creation of a program of competitive financial aid to East Asia.
D)the view that the plan was an effort by the United States at imperialist domination of Europe.
E)a new policy of international cooperation.

Question 67

What foreign policy strategy did George Kennan advocate in a 1947 Foreign Affairs article?

A)passive aggression
B)synergetic harmonization
C)containment
D)empiricism
E)isolationism

Question 68

The Truman Doctrine

A)involved direct Soviet economic aid to Greece and Turkey.
B)stated that the United States would provide aid for any nation that was being threatened by communist subversion.
C)was the basis for substantial United States aid to India and Iran.
D)tolerated a limited expansion of Communist control over areas of the Middle East.
E)was to be a non-political attempt to advance free governments in North Africa.

Question 69

At the outset of the Chinese civil war,what did Josef Stalin do?

A)He trusted and admired the independent-minded communist leader Mao Zedong.
B)He did not expect a communist victory.
C)He sent troops to aid the communist faction.
D)He supported Chiang Kai-shek.
E)He agreed to bomb Chinese border towns.

Question 70

The treaty of 1949 between the United States,Canada,Belgium,Luxembourg,France,Britain,the Netherlands,Italy,Denmark,Norway,Portugal,and Iceland created the military alliance known as

A)the Warsaw Pact.
B)NATO.
C)COMECON.
D)SEATO.
E)CENTO.

Question 71

The eastern European nation that defied Stalin's attempt to occupy it after the war was

A)Vichy under Petain.
B)Finland under Ulbricht.
C)Poland under Yaruzelski.
D)Yugoslavia under Tito.
E)Germany under Petain.

Question 72

The Yalta System

A)in spite of some diplomatic turmoil,remained essentially unchanged,and successful,until the outbreak of the Korean War in mid-1950.
B)was immediately strained by major differences about the future of central Europe.
C)was fatally weakened by the United States' occupation of Bavaria,which Stalin denounced as a "calculated provocation."
D)was probably never a "real" system,as the presumption of future mutuality of goals and procedures probably lasted only a few months after the German surrender.
E)both b and d

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Strategic Defense Initiative/"Star Wars"

Question 74

Josip Tito

A)had attended Peking University with Mao Zedong.
B)devised a decentralized variety of Communism,different from "Stalinism."
C)was defeated in his attempt to become Prime Minister of Yugoslavia as the result of American campaigning against socialist or communist leaders.
D)was part of the government-in-exile during the war.
E)was an ally of Joseph Stalin in the latter's attempt to crush the Serbs.

Question 75

Before mid-1948,the United States had

A)broken with its foreign policy traditions by pledging large amounts of economic aid to assist nations threatened by Fascism.
B)sent over 200,000 soldiers to Vietnam and Malaya to back French and British troops against Communist movements.
C)sent General Marshall to China to arrange a Guomindong-Communist coalition.
D)withdrawn completely from any involvement in Europe's affairs.
E)announced that it had destroyed all of its nuclear weapons.

Question 76

Churchill's March,1946,speech stated that

A)British troops had preemptively seized the Iranian oil fields.
B)Britain was on the verge of financial collapse.
C)an "iron curtain" had "descended across the Continent."
D)Mao Zedong could not be trusted to keep the peace.
E)war with the Soviet Union would take place shortly.

Question 77

Between the mid-1930s and the end of World War II,

A)Chiang Kai-shek finally obtained a firm grip on all but northwest China,and implemented a "crash program" of modernization,which won peasant support.
B)the Chinese Communists steadily increased their power in the north until,by 1945,between twenty and thirty million people were under their control.
C)Japan made peace with Chiang in 1940,joining him in a war against Mao's Communists.
D)Mao Zedong married Chiang's daughter,which reunited China until the late 1950s.
E)the Chinese Communist party changed its focus from organizing peasants to winning over the middle class city dwellers and the large bankers in Shanghai.

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ronald Reagan and the "evil empire"

Question 79

Events causing Stalin to become uneasy about United States intentions between 1945 and 1950 included

A)the provision of American economic and military aid to the Ukraine.
B)the stationing of United States ground forces in Finland and Iraq.
C)plans to merge the American,British and French occupation zones in Germany into a West German republic.
D)the ban on Soviet participation in the European Recovery Program.
E)the American threat to use atomic weapons the Middle East.

Question 80

The European Recovery Program was better known as the

A)Five Point Program.
B)Stillman Plan.
C)Acheson Plan.
D)European Community.
E)Marshall Plan.