Deck 9: Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Question 1

According to Erikson, during childhood, the ego

A)is dormant.
B)develops from the superego.
C)is weak and pliable.
D)has greater strength than it does during adolescence.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A person's capacity to unify experiences and actions in an adaptive manner defines Erikson's

A)ego.
B)id.
C)psychic imperative.
D)adolescent ideal.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to Erikson, each stage of life is characterized by

A)an interaction of opposites.
B)a multiplication of similarities.
C)an increase in syntonic elements.
D)a decrease in dystonic elements.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the ego, according to Erikson?

A)body ego
B)ego identity
C)ego ideal
D)social ego

Question 5

The belief of many Nazis that Germans represented the "master race" illustrates Erikson's concept of

A)group ego.
B)epigenetic unfolding.
C)identity crisis.
D)inflated ego.
E)pseudospecies.

Question 6

Erikson's life was marked by several

A)marriages.
B)personal analyses with Jung.
C)identity crises.
D)episodes of schizophrenia.

Question 7

In contrast to Freud, Erikson

A)placed greater emphasis on the id.
B)placed less emphasis on social and historical influences.
C)had no college degree of any kind.
D)was trained as a physician.

Question 8

Erikson was rescued from the life of a wandering artist by

A)fatherly advice from Sigmund Freud.
B)marriage to Joan Serson.
C)a letter from his friend Peter Blos.
D)a personal analysis by Anna Freud.

Question 9

Discuss Erikson's basic assumptions that underlie his theory of developmental stages.

Question 10

Erikson's theory may be called "post-Freudian" because

A)he rejected Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality.
B)Freud personally approved of Erikson's personality theory.
C)he built his theory on foundations that Freud laid.
D)he only accepted the theories of post-Freudian psychoanalysts.

Question 11

Erikson, unlike Jung and Adler,

A)never repudiated Freud's ideas.
B)rejected Freud's idea of unconscious motivation.
C)was personally psychoanalyzed by Sigmund Freud.
D)married Freud's daughter, Anna.

Question 12

Erikson's belief that the ego develops in a sequence, with each stage emerging from and being built upon a previous stage, illustrates the concept of

A)pseudospecies.
B)embryological imperative.
C)epigenetic principle.
D)psychic energy.

Question 13

Erikson found that the prolonged and permissive nursing of Sioux infants resulted in ____________ character traits.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)infantile
E)latency

Question 14

Erikson believed that the ego is

A)the sense of "I."
B)the self-identity.
C)the center of personality.
D)All these are correct.

Question 15

According to Erikson, what is necessary for proper adaptation?

A)syntonic elements only
B)dystonic elements only
C)both syntonic and dystonic elements
D)neither syntonic nor dystonic elements

Question 16

Compare and contrast Erikson's concept of ego psychology with Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Question 17

List the key concepts in Erikson's infancy stage.

Question 18

Erikson's additions to Freudian theory included

A)elevating social factors above biological factors.
B)discounting the ego in personality development.
C)accepting Jung's idea of the collective unconscious.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 19

Erikson's biological father

A)suffered from severe alcoholism.
B)was never known to Erikson.
C)served as Freud's personal physician.
D)died when Erikson was an adolescent.
E)discovered Newfoundland.

Question 20

Erikson saw the ego as developing

A)only during adolescence.
B)within a social structure.
C)under the power of the id.
D)independent of social or historical factors.

Question 21

For Erikson, infancy is a time of

A)exclusion.
B)active exploration.
C)incorporation.
D)exclusivity.

Question 22

According to Erikson, ______ is a feeling of self-consciousness, of being looked at and exposed.

A)shame
B)doubt
C)guilt
D)autonomy

Question 23

Erikson's genital-locomotor psychosexual mode accompanies the ______ stage.

A)infancy
B)adolescence
C)school age
D)play age

Question 24

Erikson believed that a sense of a readiness for danger and an anticipation of discomfort are adaptive aspects of

A)trust.
B)withdrawal.
C)mistrust.
D)syntonic tendencies.
E)hope.

Question 25

Erikson believed that the Oedipus and castration complexes are

A)successfully resolved during adolescence.
B)not always to be taken literally.
C)a result of the phylogenetically inherited endowment.
D)the same for males and females.

Question 26

Tyler is sensitive to his infant daughter's needs.According to Erikson, because he meets those needs in a reliable and consistent manner, he is helping his daughter learn

A)dependence.
B)basic mistrust.
C)sensory trust.
D)hope.
E)basic trust.

Question 27

Self-control and interpersonal control are the tasks of the _______ stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson.

A)infancy
B)early childhood
C)latter childhood
D)play age
E)school age

Question 28

Freud's anal stage of development has a parallel in Erikson's ______ stage.

A)infancy
B)toddler
C)early childhood
D)phallic
E)mastery

Question 29

Erikson saw the Oedipal situation as the prototype of

A)psychopathology within the family setting.
B)the lifelong power of human playfulness.
C)conflict between males and females.
D)competition between children and authority figures.

Question 30

A feeling of not being certain and that something remains hidden characterizes Erikson's notion of

A)guilt.
B)doubt.
C)willfulness.
D)autonomy.
E)shame.

Question 31

Erikson characterized the oral-sensory phase as a _________ mode of adaptation.

A)dystonic
B)syntonic
C)psychosocial
D)psychosexual
E)functional

Question 32

Erikson believed that the basic strength of infancy is

A)hope.
B)pleasure.
C)satisfaction.
D)dependence.
E)joy.

Question 33

According to Erikson, the core pathology of infancy is

A)disappointment.
B)indifference.
C)selfishness.
D)rage.
E)withdrawal.

Question 34

"A crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential" is Erikson's definition of

A)an identity crisis.
B)a commitment.
C)a basic strength.
D)a core pathology.

Question 35

The resolution of the crisis of early childhood results in Erikson's basic strength of

A)trust.
B)love.
C)will.
D)purposefulness.
E)competence.

Question 36

Inadequate will, according to Erikson, is expressed as

A)stubbornness.
B)inhibition.
C)compulsion.
D)shame.
E)autonomy.

Question 37

Freud's phallic stage of psychosexual development parallels Erikson's ____________ stage.

A)play age
B)early childhood
C)adolescence
D)infancy

Question 38

Erikson believed that one's ability to adapt is dependent on

A)minimizing mistrust.
B)maximizing trust.
C)increasing dystonic tendencies and decreasing syntonic tendencies.
D)a maximum ratio of trust to mistrust.

Question 39

The anal-urethral-muscular mode of psychosexual adjustment characterizes Erikson's ______ stage.

A)infancy
B)early childhood
C)middle childhood
D)play age
E)phallic

Question 40

Erikson, believed that ego identity is shaped

A)by our recollections of past events.
B)by our anticipation of future events.
C)by past, present, and future events.
D)mostly by biology rather than events.

Question 41

According to Erikson, an identity crisis

A)has no effect in either direction on ego strength.
B)increases ego strength.
C)decreases ego strength.
D)may increase or decrease ego strength.

Question 42

Erikson's core pathology of the play age is

A)inferiority.
B)shame.
C)doubt.
D)inhibition.
E)aimlessness.

Question 43

Erikson defines identity both positively and negatively.Therefore, adolescents

A)reject parental values and embrace peer values.
B)see identity in terms of absolute right or wrong.
C)are likely to affirm some values and reject others.
D)accept positive aspects of their personality, but reject negative aspects of ego identity.

Question 44

Erikson's school age stage of psychosocial development parallels which of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

A)oral
B)phallic
C)anal
D)genital
E)latency

Question 45

Industry versus inferiority is Erikson's psychosocial crisis of

A)early childhood.
B)the play age.
C)the school age.
D)adolescence.

Question 46

Erikson saw which stage as a time of psychosocial latency?

A)infancy
B)adolescence
C)play age
D)school age
E)old age

Question 47

According to Erikson, the development of a conscience begins during

A)infancy.
B)early childhood.
C)play age.
D)latency.

Question 48

According to Erikson, during adolescence, a person is permitted to experiment with a variety of roles, values, and goals without making a lasting commitment.This reflects what aspect of adolescence?

A)psychosocial latency
B)stagnation
C)incompetence
D)purposelessness
E)lack of will

Question 49

Erikson claimed that a child who learns to do a job well during the school age will develop a sense of

A)will.
B)purpose.
C)inferiority.
D)industry.
E)autonomy.

Question 50

By the end of which of Erikson's psychosocial stages should a person develop a firm sense of ego identity?

A)the play age
B)the school age
C)adolescence
D)early childhood
E)young adulthood

Question 51

A preoccupation with the Oedipal fantasy and the wasting of time with nonproductive play reflect Erikson's core pathology of

A)inertia.
B)inhibition.
C)compulsion.
D)withdrawal.
E)guilt.

Question 52

According to Erikson, the core conflict of the play age is

A)trust versus mistrust.
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C)initiative versus guilt.
D)industry versus inferiority.

Question 53

For Erikson, puberty is psychologically important because it

A)is the beginning of both psychosocial and psychosexual latency.
B)signals physical changes in the body.
C)resolves the Oedipal situation.
D)triggers expectations of future adult roles.

Question 54

According to Erikson, teaching and instructing in the ways of a society or culture typically occur during

A)the play age.
B)the school age.
C)adolescence.
D)early adulthood.
E)late adulthood.

Question 55

According to Erikson, the foundation for "cooperative participation in productive adult life" is

A)trust.
B)purpose.
C)will.
D)initiative.
E)competence.

Question 56

According to Erikson, the major expansion of the child's social world beyond family members to include peers and other adults occurs during

A)early childhood.
B)adolescence.
C)infancy.
D)the play age.
E)the school age.

Question 57

Erikson suggested that the basic strength of the play age is

A)trust.
B)autonomy.
C)initiative.
D)purpose.

Question 58

Rejection of family or community standards, inability to establish intimacy, and inability to concentrate on required tasks are symptomatic of what Erikson called

A)identity confusion.
B)an unresolved Oedipal situation.
C)ideological inertia.
D)ego idealism.
E)identity stagnation.

Question 59

Erikson believed that a child's maximum desire and readiness to learn occurs during

A)infancy.
B)early childhood.
C)the play age.
D)the school age.
E)adolescence.

Question 60

Erikson believed that sexual latency is important because it

A)permits focus on learning and social relations.
B)encourages the development of will in the child.
C)signals the resolution of the Oedipus complex.
D)allows the child to integrate his or her body ego.

Question 61

The ability to fuse one's identity with that of another without fear of losing it characterizes what Erikson called

A)identity achievement.
B)psychological moratorium.
C)intimacy.
D)sensuality.
E)cooperation.

Question 62

The psychosocial crisis of young adulthood, according to Erikson, is

A)identity versus identity confusion.
B)competence versus incompetence.
C)intimacy versus isolation.
D)generativity versus stagnation.

Question 63

The chief psychosexual accomplishment of young adulthood, according to Erikson, is

A)intimacy.
B)basic trust.
C)marriage.
D)reproduction.
E)None of these is correct.

Question 64

Erikson claimed that for most people, the longest stage of psychosocial development is

A)adolescence.
B)young adulthood.
C)adulthood.
D)later adulthood.

Question 65

The antithesis of Erikson's generativity is

A)stagnation.
B)isolation.
C)intimacy.
D)wisdom.
E)identity.

Question 66

A willingness and readiness to be a part of society and to transmit cultural values to the next generation best describes Erikson's notion of

A)procreativity.
B)intimacy.
C)competence.
D)wisdom.

Question 67

According to Erikson, true intimacy can only be achieved

A)after the satisfaction of sexual desires.
B)through marriage.
C)during psychological moratorium.
D)after identity is established.

Question 68

The core pathology of young adulthood, according to Erikson, is

A)exclusivity.
B)isolation.
C)stagnation.
D)selfishness.

Question 69

"The incapacity to take chances with one's identity by sharing true intimacy" defines Erikson's concept of

A)isolation.
B)stagnation.
C)mistrust.
D)moratorium.

Question 70

The core pathology of adolescence, according to Erikson, is

A)withdrawal.
B)isolation.
C)inferiority.
D)incompetence.
E)role repudiation.

Question 71

Erikson believed that some degree of role repudiation is necessary for

A)formation of personal identity.
B)injection of new ideas into society.
C)injection of new vitality into the social structure.
D)none of these.
E)all of these.

Question 72

The inability to synthesize various self-images and values into a workable identity is what Erikson called

A)stagnation.
B)identity foreclosure.
C)ego idealism.
D)role repudiation.
E)psychological moratorium.

Question 73

Erikson's final psychosexual stage is

A)generativity/stagnation.
B)menopause.
C)impotency.
D)generalized sensuality.
E)neo-latency.

Question 74

According to Erikson, self-centeredness, provincialism, and pseudospeciation are all manifestations of

A)mistrust.
B)identity confusion.
C)isolation.
D)rejectivity.
E)despair.

Question 75

Erikson's basic strength of young adulthood is

A)caring.
B)love.
C)trust.
D)confidence.
E)competence.

Question 76

Erikson claimed that procreativity encompasses

A)caring for one's offspring.
B)productive work.
C)perpetuation of society.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 77

The "informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself" is how Erikson defined

A)mistrust.
B)detachment.
C)wisdom.
D)despair.
E)isolation.

Question 78

For Erikson, integrity involves

A)feeling whole and coherent.
B)being physically and intellectually strong.
C)being honest and truthful.
D)never despairing.

Question 79

Erikson contended that an elderly person's delight in a variety of different physical sensations reflects

A)wisdom.
B)generalized sensuality.
C)intimacy with nature.
D)sexual sublimation.
E)procreativity.

Question 80

"A widening commitment to take care of the persons, the products, and the ideas one has learned to care for" is what Erikson called

A)love.
B)care.
C)procreativity.
D)generativity.
E)generalized sensuality.