Deck 2: Freud: Psychoanalysis

Question 1

After World War I, Freud made which revision to his theory of personality?

A)He placed greater emphasis on the aggression instinct.
B)He identified the three levels of mental life.
C)He rejected repression as an ego defense mechanism.
D)He rejected the notion of a female Oedipus complex.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The event that eventually led to Freud's achievement of fame was his

A)partnership with Jung.
B)use of cocaine.
C)insistence on the existence of male hysteria.
D)marriage to Martha Bernays.
E)publication of The Interpretation of Dreams.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Freud saw himself primarily as a

A)psychologist.
B)scientist.
C)philosopher.
D)writer of fiction.
E)general practitioner.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Freud's three levels of mental life are

A)unconscious, preconscious, and conscious.
B)id, ego, and superego.
C)aim, object, and impetus.
D)Thanatos, Eros, and Oedipus complexes.

Question 5

Which of these progressions is most consistent with psychoanalytic theory?

A)Anxiety leads to repression, which leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to a reaction formation.
B)Punishment of a child's sexual behavior leads to repression, which leads to anxiety, which leads to suppression of sexual activity.
C)Punishment of a child's sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety, which leads to repression.
D)Anxiety leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to repression, which leads to punishment of sexual behaviors.

Question 6

Trace the development of both the male and the female phallic stages and explain why Freud believed that they follow different paths.

Question 7

How does Freud's early therapeutic technique relate to recent reports of childhood abuse?

Question 8

Freud believed that unconscious ideas

A)influence behavior only when one is aware of them.
B)have no influence on behavior.
C)influence behavior even when one is unaware of them.
D)are learned only after birth.

Question 9

Describe how Freud's three levels of mental life relate to his concept of the provinces of the mind.

Question 10

Freud's free association technique evolved from

A)Charcot's hypnotic technique.
B)his use of cocaine.
C)Breuer's cathartic method.
D)the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess.

Question 11

According to Freud, ideas that slip in and out of awareness with greater or lesser degrees of ease are

A)unconscious.
B)preconscious.
C)conscious.
D)repressed.
E)censored.

Question 12

According to Freud, most of our mental life is

A)conscious.
B)preconscious.
C)unconscious.
D)a function of the superego.
E)a product of phylogenetic endowment.

Question 13

Freud claimed that an important function of repression is to

A)protect a person against the pain of anxiety.
B)convert superego functions into ego functions.
C)protect a person against public disgrace.
D)convert id functions into ego functions.
E)convert ego functions into id functions.

Question 14

Freud began his famous self-analysis

A)at about the time that his father died.
B)as a reaction to his experiences during World War I.
C)as a reaction to the death of his wife.
D)while still a schoolboy.
E)as a reaction to the death of his mother.

Question 15

Since early in his adolescence, Freud had a strong desire to

A)live in the United States.
B)win fame by making a great discovery.
C)treat the poor and destitute of Vienna.
D)practice medicine.

Question 16

Among Freud's personal qualities were

A)a lifelong acceptance and loyalty to those followers who broke away from psychoanalysis.
B)an inability to learn languages other than German.
C)an unromantic and dispassionate disposition, especially toward his close friends.
D)an intellectual curiosity and high moral courage.

Question 17

Freud abandoned his _______ theory in 1897, the year after his father died.

A)seduction
B)Oedipal
C)dream
D)childhood sexuality
E)anal

Question 18

Freud's notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to

A)anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to psychological differences.
B)the physical structure of the brain where the unconscious is located.
C)our ancestor's experiences that we inherit and that form part of our unconscious.
D)the social rules we learn from our parents that form the superego.

Question 19

Freud's psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?

A)sex and aggression
B)sex and hunger
C)security and safety
D)security and sex

Question 20

Freud's lifelong optimism and self-confidence may have stemmed from

A)being his mother's favorite child.
B)his father's outstanding business success.
C)the death of his younger brother.
D)the presence of much older half-brothers.

Question 21

Freud believed that the ego begins to evolve from the id soon after birth.While the ego is developing, the id

A)begins to diminish.
B)develops parallel to the ego.
C)disappears completely.
D)remains stationary.

Question 22

The id is primarily involved in which of the following activities, according to Freud?

A)solving problems in geometry
B)contemplating the meaning of life
C)thumb-sucking behavior
D)convincing a friend to plant a garden

Question 23

Freud held that ideas in the preconscious originate from

A)the conscious.
B)the unconscious.
C)both the conscious and the unconscious.
D)neither the conscious nor the unconscious.

Question 24

Freud held that the secondary process functions through

A)the id.
B)the ego.
C)the superego.
D)the conscience.
E)the ego-ideal.

Question 25

According to Freud, all people possess two major instincts or drives.They are

A)ego and id.
B)id and superego.
C)hunger and safety.
D)self-defense and self-enhancement.
E)sex and aggression.

Question 26

Freud believed that the id

A)serves the reality principle.
B)serves the moral or idealistic principle.
C)constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce tension.
D)is the executive branch of personality.
E)is reasonable and logical.

Question 27

Freud contended that the object of the sexual instinct is

A)the region of the body in a state of tension.
B)the person or thing that is capable of bringing about sexual pleasure.
C)the amount of force that sexual pleasure exerts on a person.
D)to seek pleasure by removing a state of sexual tension.
E)to seek pleasure by building up a state of sexual tension.

Question 28

Freud believed that instincts are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)depth.
B)impetus.
C)source.
D)aim.
E)object.

Question 29

According to Freud, the ego is

A)conscious only.
B)preconscious only.
C)unconscious only.
D)conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
E)conscious and preconscious only.

Question 30

The function that fights against id impulses regardless of what is realistic or possible is what Freud called the

A)superego.
B)ego.
C)preconscious.
D)conscious.

Question 31

Freud called areas of the body especially capable of producing sexual pleasure

A)aim-impetus areas.
B)instinct zones.
C)genital organs.
D)pleasure-principle areas.
E)erogenous zones.

Question 32

Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no thought of what is reasonable or proper are dominated by the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)ego-ideal.

Question 33

According to Freud, a guilt-ridden, timid person is most likely dominated by

A)the superego.
B)the ego.
C)the id.
D)the Oedipus complex.
E)phylogenetic endowment.

Question 34

Freud believed that the superego develops from the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)ego-ideal.
D)conscience.
E)preconscious.

Question 35

According to Freud, a psychologically healthy person has a dominant

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)conscience.
E)ego-ideal.

Question 36

Freud's notion of the superego includes

A)conscious and preconscious levels.
B)pleasure and reality principles.
C)the ego and the id.
D)a conscience and an ego-ideal.

Question 37

According to Freud, feelings of inferiority stem from the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)conscience.
E)ego-ideal.

Question 38

According to Freud, which of these region(s) of the mind is (are) in contact with the external world?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)ego and superego
E)id, ego, and superego

Question 39

The superego, said Freud,

A)is rational.
B)strives for perfection.
C)is the executive branch of personality.
D)strives for pleasure.
E)does all of the above.

Question 40

In psychoanalytic theory, unacceptable drives and impulses are repressed by the

A)id.
B)aggressive drive.
C)superego.
D)ego at the urging of the superego.
E)ego-ideal.

Question 41

The aim of Freud's destructive instinct is

A)self-preservation.
B)self-assertion.
C)self-destruction.
D)self-hatred.

Question 42

According to Freud's theory, anxiety

A)results from repression of libidinal impulses.
B)represents one type of defense mechanism.
C)instigates repression.
D)is a property of the superego.
E)is felt by the id.

Question 43

The apprehension one feels while in the presence of a teacher is what Freud called _______ anxiety.

A)neurotic
B)psychotic
C)realistic
D)moral
E)None of these is correct.

Question 44

Ashley feels uneasy after violating her personal standards of honesty and cheating on a test.Freud might suggest that she is suffering from _______ anxiety.

A)aim-inhibited
B)realistic
C)neurotic
D)moral

Question 45

In psychoanalytic theory, anxiety

A)is produced within, and experienced by, the superego.
B)can mean an impulse threatens to become conscious.
C)is produced by repression.
D)none of these is correct.
E)all of these are correct.

Question 46

A mother who has deep-seated hostility toward her only child but who shows overprotection and hyper-concern for the physical well being of her child illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?

A)identification
B)displacement
C)projection
D)reaction formation
E)sublimation

Question 47

Freud called the nonsexual love a child has for a sibling

A)primary narcissism.
B)secondary narcissism.
C)aim-inhibited love.
D)masochism.

Question 48

In Freud's aim-inhibited love, that which is inhibited is

A)the strength of the drive.
B)the overt, open expression of love.
C)the sexual aspect of the instinct.
D)the aggressive aspect of the instinct.

Question 49

Freud called an expression of both the sexual and the aggressive instinct

A)narcissism.
B)love.
C)superego.
D)masochism.

Question 50

Freud regarded precepts such as "Love thy neighbor as thyself" as

A)reaction formations.
B)worthless relics from an ancient religion.
C)expressions of the erotic drive.
D)expressions of neurotic anxiety.

Question 51

Which statement is correct, according to Freud?

A)Repression produces anxiety.
B)Anxiety reduces repression.
C)Repression reduces anxiety.
D)All these are correct.
E)None of these is correct.

Question 52

Freud held that the pain of anxiety is most likely to result in

A)psychotic behavior.
B)defensive behavior.
C)neurotic behavior.
D)realistic behavior.

Question 53

According to Freud, a teenager preoccupied with self and personal appearance is exhibiting

A)primary narcissism.
B)secondary narcissism.
C)aim-inhibited love.
D)moral masochism.

Question 54

The use of Freudian defense mechanisms requires an

A)expenditure of psychic energy.
B)extremely strong superego.
C)immediate return to primary narcissism.
D)exposure of the superego to prolonged anxiety.

Question 55

According to Freud, the ego's dependency on the superego results in

A)basic anxiety.
B)realistic anxiety.
C)neurotic anxiety.
D)moral anxiety.
E)traumatic anxiety.

Question 56

According to Freud, the apprehension a person feels when physically threatened is _______ anxiety.

A)realistic
B)neurotic
C)masochistic
D)moral

Question 57

The most basic Freudian defense mechanism is

A)repression.
B)reaction formation.
C)fixation.
D)projection.
E)regression.

Question 58

A young man gets sexual gratification by kissing and caressing women's shoes.What statement best describes this situation, according to Freud?

A)The sexual object has been displaced.
B)The sexual aim has been changed.
C)The path of the sexual instinct is inflexible.
D)The sexual instinct is permanently inhibited.

Question 59

According to Freud, a masochist may receive sexual pleasure from

A)inflicting pain on others.
B)inflicting pain on self.
C)receiving pain inflicted by others.
D)b and c.

Question 60

Which anxiety does Freud claim most nearly resembles fear?

A)neurotic
B)traumatic
C)moralistic
D)aim-inhibited
E)None of these is correct.

Question 61

The paintings and sculpture of Michelangelo best exemplify Freud's concept of

A)Thanatos.
B)regression.
C)paranoia.
D)sublimation.

Question 62

Seeing deficiencies in others that one unconsciously feels within oneself is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?

A)reaction formation
B)undoing
C)projection
D)isolation

Question 63

The principle source of frustration during Freud's anal phase is

A)weaning.
B)learning to dress one's self.
C)toilet training.
D)suppression of masturbation.

Question 64

Madison is frequently berated by his domineering employer.Madison is too timid to confront his employer, but he takes out his frustration by mistreating his dog, children, and wife.According to Freud, this is an example of

A)reaction formation.
B)identification.
C)projection.
D)displacement.
E)regression.

Question 65

Freud hypothesized that a permissive, accepting attitude of parents during toilet training is likely to lead to which behaviors as the child grows to adulthood?

A)generosity and benevolence
B)stubbornness, compulsiveness, and miserliness
C)masochism and/or sadism
D)sexual dysfunction and aggression

Question 66

Tyler greatly admires his geometry teacher and tries to copy his mannerisms and lifestyle.This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?

A)introjection
B)fixation
C)projection
D)sublimation

Question 67

Freud believed that boys and girls have a different psychosexual development because of

A)cultural influences.
B)parental attitudes.
C)fantasies that originate soon after birth.
D)anatomical differences between the genders.
E)hormonal differences between the genders.

Question 68

The transformation of instinctual drives into socially productive forces such as art, science, and religion is what Freud called

A)regression.
B)rationalization.
C)sublimation.
D)acting out.
E)isolation.

Question 69

Amy, an 18-month-old child, resorts to taking her baby sister's bottle even though she has previously been weaned.This behavior illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?

A)stubbornness
B)fixation
C)repression
D)regression

Question 70

When carried to extremes, which Freudian defense mechanism can become paranoid behavior?

A)reaction formation
B)rationalization
C)fixation
D)projection

Question 71

Which of the following distinguishes sublimation from the other Freudian defense mechanisms?

A)Sublimation is directly related to the superego.
B)Sublimation is always destructive.
C)Sublimation is constructive to society.
D)Sublimation involves the Oedipus complex.

Question 72

According to Freud, male and female personality development is

A)similar until the phallic stage.
B)similar until the genital stage.
C)different during the anal stage.
D)different during the oral stage.

Question 73

An example of Freud's notion of projection might be

A)"Things will be better tomorrow."
B)"The only reason I failed is because I had a headache."
C)"I like him fine, but for some reason he hates me."
D)"I didn't really want that job anyway."

Question 74

The classical Freudian anal character possesses all of the following traits EXCEPT for?

A)orderliness
B)passivity
C)obstinacy
D)stinginess

Question 75

A compulsively neat person who is also stubborn and miserly is what Freud called an

A)oral-receptive character.
B)oral-sadistic character.
C)anal character.
D)ego-defense character.

Question 76

Robin protects herself against the threat of change by constantly clinging to objects and behaviors left from her early childhood.It thus appears that Robin is relying primarily on which Freudian defense mechanism?

A)reaction formation
B)fixation
C)projection
D)regression
E)sublimation

Question 77

According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility toward his father and sexual love for his mother is experiencing

A)moral masochism.
B)the simple male Oedipus complex.
C)the complete Oedipus complex.
D)the castration complex.
E)penis envy.

Question 78

Freud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy

A)feels sexual love only toward his father.
B)feels sexual love only toward his mother.
C)may feel sexual love toward each parent.
D)is not capable of sexual love toward either parent.

Question 79

Freud's oral-sadistic stage is characterized by

A)early attempts at toilet training.
B)unambivalent feelings toward the mother.
C)the emergence of teeth.
D)rivalry toward younger siblings.
E)rivalry toward one or both parents.

Question 80

A man goes into a gay bar and initiates a fight with a homosexual man as a result of his own unconscious homosexual impulses.This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?

A)sublimation
B)introjection
C)fixation
D)projection