Deck 14: Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Question 1

Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _____ or ______.

A)unipolar; bipolar.
B)unidimensional; multidimensional.
C)conscious; unconscious.
D)loaded; unloaded.
E)static; rotated.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Eysenck's three general types or superfactors are

A)bipolar factors.
B)unique surface traits.
C)pathological factors.
D)surface traits.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Eysenck's psychoticism factor (P) is characteristic of

A)normal personalities only.
B)abnormal personalities only.
C)normal and abnormal personalities.
D)neither normal nor abnormal personalities.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Eysenck's encounter with the fascist right and his later battles with the radical left suggested to him that the trait of __________,was equally prevalent in both extremes of the political spectrum.

A)egomania
B)narcissism
C)greed
D)authoritarianism

Question 5

Mathematically,the technique of reducing a number of variables to a smaller number is called

A)induction.
B)the experimental method.
C)variance.
D)factor analysis.

Question 6

In factor analysis,correlations of scores with factors are called

A)factor loadings.
B)factor theories.
C)trait theories.
D)superfactors.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT listed by Eysenck as a criterion for identifying a factor?

A)It must possess social relevance.
B)There must be psychometric evidence for its existence.
C)It must be identified through the inductive method.
D)It must relate to some reasonable theory of personality.
E)The factor must possess heritability.

Question 8

Name and describe Eysenck's three general types,or superfactors.

Question 9

Explain and discuss Eysenck's four criteria for identifying a factor.

Question 10

What are the three main areas of evidence for the biological basis of human personality? Explain and discuss.

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of Eysenck's criteria for identifying factors?

A)inductive method of investigation
B)social relevance
C)psychometric evidence
D)heritability

Question 12

Which is the correct order of levels of behavioral organization from the simplest to the most complex,according to Eysenck?

A)habitual response,specific acts/cognitions,traits,types
B)types,traits,habitual responses,specific acts/cognitions
C)habitual responses,traits,specific responses,types
D)specific acts/cognitions,habitual responses,traits,types

Question 13

The key for Eysenck was that the individual differences in people's personalities were due to _________.

A)ethnicity
B)environment
C)biology
D)nurture

Question 14

An example of a unipolar trait would be

A)extraversion/introversion.
B)dominance versus submission.
C)Eysenck's P (psychoticism).
D)height or weight.

Question 15

A trait is best described as

A)a cluster of surface factors.
B)a temporary attitude toward a person or event.
C)an important semi-permanent disposition of a person.
D)an environmentally determined hypothetical construct that shapes an individual's behavior and thought.

Question 16

Which trait theorist was a native of Germany,but lived and worked for much of his professional life in England and at the University of London?

A)Cattell
B)Kelly
C)Eysenck
D)Costa

Question 17

Eysenck's second wife,Sybil Rostal,was a _________.

A)great homemaker
B)superb secretary
C)beautiful quantitative psychologist
D)excellent accountant

Question 18

Eysenck identified traits through the use of

A)twin studies.
B)factor analysis.
C)intuition.
D)ability tests.

Question 19

In general,the purpose of factor analysis is to

A)investigate differences between two groups of subjects.
B)reduce many variables to fewer basic factors.
C)construct inductive theories of personality.
D)construct deductive theories of personality.

Question 20

The people who most influenced Eysenck were

A)Cyril Burt and Charles Spearman.
B)R.B.Cattell and B.F.Skinner.
C)Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler.
D)E.L.Thorndike and Julian Rotter.

Question 21

According to Eysenck,low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds characterize individuals who score high on the __________ scale.

A)extraversion.
B)introversion.
C)psychoticism.
D)neuroticism.

Question 22

According to Eysenck,introverted types are characterized by all the following traits EXCEPT

A)quiet.
B)passive.
C)optimistic.
D)sober.
E)thoughtful.

Question 23

In Eysenck's theory of personality,individuals who tend to be empathetic,caring,cooperative,and highly socialized score

A)low on neuroticism.
B)high on introversion.
C)low on psychoticism.
D)high on extraversion.

Question 24

Eysenck's P type is a bipolar factor consisting of

A)psychoticism and neuroticism.
B)psychoticism and superego.
C)proactivity and passivity.
D)punctuality and procrastination.

Question 25

Eysenck believed that introverts are characterized by

A)lower levels of cortical arousal.
B)higher levels of cortical arousal.
C)high sensory threshold.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 26

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)anxiety.
B)depression.
C)phobias.
D)hysteria.
E)obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Question 27

A _________ is a classification of things according to their natural relationships while a _______ can both predict and explain behavior.

A)theory; taxonomy
B)taxonomy; theory
C)factor analysis; theory
D)paradigm; hypothesis

Question 28

Eysenck argued that many experimental studies on the same topic yield inconclusive or inconsistent results because the experimenters failed to

A)match participants on gender and age.
B)take personality factors into account.
C)use the proper statistical procedures.
D)consider the motivation of participants.

Question 29

Eysenck claimed that extraverted types are characterized by all the following traits EXCEPT

A)sociable.
B)impulsive.
C)lively.
D)playful.
E)thoughtful.

Question 30

According to Eysenck,an individual characterized by hysteria,suggestibility,and somatic symptoms would score high on the ____________ scale.

A)extraversion
B)neuroticism
C)psychoticism
D)superego

Question 31

According to Eysenck,high P scorers are

A)punctual and precise.
B)caring and cooperative.
C)social and agreeable.
D)impulsive and hostile.

Question 32

According to Eysenck's findings,cold,nonconforming,and aggressive personalities tend to score high on

A)extraversion.
B)introversion.
C)neuroticism.
D)psychoticism.

Question 33

Some people are vulnerable to organic and psychiatric illness because they have a genetic or acquired weakness that predisposes them to the illness.This explanation for an illness is what Eysenck called the

A)psychoticism factor.
B)hardiness model.
C)biological imperative.
D)diathesis-stress model.

Question 34

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is one of

A)mother-infant relationships.
B)objectivity/subjectivity.
C)neuroticism/stability.
D)cortical arousal level.
E)gender.

Question 35

What evidence did Eysenck present on the biological bases of personality?

A)People in different parts of the world have different types of personality.
B)People tend to change their personality patterns as they age.
C)Identical twins have more similar personalities than fraternal twins reared together.
D)Identical twins and fraternal twins reared together are equally similar in their personalities.

Question 36

Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek found that

A)people with a helpless,hopeless attitude tended to die more from cancer than from heart disease.
B)people who reacted to frustration with anger and emotional arousal tended to die more from cancer than from heart disease.
C)people who regarded their own autonomy as important had high death rates from both cancer and heart disease.
D)no relationship existed between personality factors and disease.

Question 37

Which one of the following is not one of Eysenck's superfactors?

A)extraversion
B)neuroticism
C)introversion
D)psychoticism

Question 38

A major thrust of Eysenck's theory is that personality results from the basic genetic and neurophysiological makeup of humans.Which biological research findings support this assertion?

A)Cortical arousal and sensory stimulation levels match certain personality traits.
B)Identical twins are much more likely to have the same basic trait orientations.
C)Extraverts tend to think faster than introverts.
D)Introverts were found to outperform extraverts on tasks involving motoric response rates.

Question 39

Which is not one of the four levels of hierarchy behavior organization recognized by Eysenck?

A)spontaneous acts
B)specific acts
C)habitual acts
D)types

Question 40

In Eysenck's theory of personality,the three basic factors of P,E,and N are

A)independent of each other.
B)primary traits.
C)negatively related to each other.
D)a single unified factor.

Question 41

Research on traits and emotion tends to support the hypothesis that

A)extraversion is related to more negative moods in the face of stressors.
B)neuroticism is related to more positive,but also more unstable,moods.
C)people's actions can subvert their predispositions to certain behaviors.
D)acting extraverted does not raise positive moods in the less extraverted.

Question 42

Which of the following is not one of the personality assessments created and developed by Eysenck?

A)MMPI
B)MPI
C)EPI
D)EPQ

Question 43

Eysenck and the Five-factor theorists:

A)agree on the number of personality factors,but disagree on their names.
B)both place a heavy emphasis on biological components of personality.
C)both rely primarily on hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
D)both began with the same test data,but they arrived at different factors through different statistical methods.

Question 44

The concept of humanity embodied by the Factor and Trait theories is best described as

A)pessimistic.
B)teleological.
C)cultural.
D)biological.