Deck 13: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Dr.Andersen attempts to bring about personal growth by using psychological techniques;Dr.Bradley attempts to improve psychological functioning through the use of psychotropic medication.Dr.Andersen practices _____;Dr.Bradley,_____.

A) psychotherapy;psychoanalysis
B) psychotherapy;biomedical therapy
C) psychoanalysis;biotherapy
D) physiotherapy;psychotherapy

Answer 1

psychotherapy;biomedical therapy

Question 2

_____ is an inability or unwillingness to discuss or reveal particular memories,thoughts,or motivations.

A) Resistance
B) Transference
C) Dissociation
D) Projection

Answer 2

Resistance

Question 3

Today therapists use a(n)_____ approach to therapy,which means they use a variety of methods with an individual patient.

A) existential
B) behavioral
C) psychoanalytical
D) eclectic

Answer 3

eclectic

Question 4

The surface description of a dream is called the _____ content.

A) latent
B) philological
C) semiotic
D) manifest

Question 5

__________ was developed by Freud in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior.

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Transactional analysis
C) Meta-analysis
D) Microarray analysis

Question 6

_____ therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious,where patients may deal with the problems more effectively.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 7

_____ is treatment in which a trained professional-a therapist-uses psychological techniques to help someone overcome psychological difficulties and disorders,resolve problems in living,or bring about personal growth.

A) Phototherapy
B) Psychotherapy
C) Biomedical therapy
D) Physiotherapy

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapy involves:

A) the consideration of unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses.
B) the use of drugs and medical procedures.
C) behavior modification techniques.
D) an attempt to challenge the patient's current thinking patterns.

Question 9

Professionals with a master's degree who provide therapy to individuals,couples,and families and who hold a national or state certification are called _____.

A) counseling psychologists
B) psychiatrists
C) licensed professional counselors
D) psychoanalysts

Question 10

Which of the following mental health professionals is correctly matched with a brief description?

A) Counseling psychologist-treats everyday adjustment problems,often in a university mental health clinic
B) Psychiatrist-specializes in Freudian treatment techniques
C) Psychoanalyst-prescribes medication and treats severe disorders
D) Clinical social worker-holds Ph.D.;assesses and treats psychological difficulties

Question 11

After telling his psychoanalyst about his relationship with his ex-wife for a few minutes,Jerome suddenly changes the subject.Jerome is exhibiting:

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) a latent conflict.
D) projection.

Question 12

_____ are professionals with a Ph.D.or Psy.D.who have also completed a postgraduate internship.They specialize in assessment and treatment of psychological difficulties,providing psychotherapy and,in some U.S.states,can prescribe drugs.

A) Psychoanalysts
B) Psychiatrists
C) Psychiatric social workers
D) Clinical psychologists

Question 13

Noah dreams that he suddenly becomes paralyzed as he tries to cross a busy intersection.In Freudian terms,this is the _____ content of Noah's dream.The underlying meaning of the dream is the _____ content.

A) manifest;repressed
B) manifest;latent
C) repressed;manifest
D) repressed;latent

Question 14

The underlying meaning of a dream which is the true unconscious meaning of the dream is called _____ content.

A) latent
B) philological
C) semiotic
D) manifest

Question 15

Therapy that relies on drugs and other medical procedures to improve psychological functioning is referred to as _____

A) phototherapy
B) psychotherapy
C) biomedical therapy
D) physiotherapy

Question 16

_____ are professionals with a Ph.D.or Ed.D.who typically treat day-to-day adjustment problems,often in a university mental health clinic.

A) Counseling psychologists
B) Psychiatrists
C) Licensed professional counselors
D) Psychoanalysts

Question 17

The most common defense mechanism is _____.

A) dissociation
B) projection
C) reaction formation
D) repression

Question 18

Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy?

A) Psychoanalysis is limited to only dream analysis.
B) Psychotherapy is one type of psychoanalysis.
C) Psychoanalysis is one type of psychotherapy.
D) The two are unrelated.

Question 19

Which of the following professionals most likely has a Ph.D.?

A) Counseling psychologists
B) Psychiatrists
C) Licensed professional counselors
D) Psychoanalysts

Question 20

Professionals with a master's degree and specialized training who may provide therapy,usually regarding common family and personal problems are called _____.

A) counseling psychologists
B) psychiatric social workers
C) licensed professional counselors
D) psychoanalysts

Question 21

A client with social anxiety watches a film in which an individual greets strangers in a crowded room,makes small talk,and smiles pleasantly.The individual in the film appears to gain pleasure from these activities.The behavior therapy technique used in this scenario is:

A) token systematization.
B) contingency contracting.
C) observational learning.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 22

_____ is the transmission of feelings to a psychoanalyst of love or anger that had been originally directed to a patient's parents or other authority figures.

A) Regression
B) Transference
C) Dissociation
D) Projection

Question 23

In _____,the therapist and client (or teacher and student or parent and child)draw up a written agreement.

A) the token system
B) contingency contracting
C) observational learning
D) the appraisal technique

Question 24

Which of the following operant conditioning techniques is incorrectly paired with its description?

A) Token system-An individual is rewarded for desired behavior with such items as chips or play money,which he or she can exchange for desired items.
B) Contingency contracting-The therapist and client create a written agreement specifying the consequences for desirable and undesirable behaviors.
C) Observational learning-An individual models desired behavior for the client.
D) Token system-The therapist reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an aversive,unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.

Question 25

_____ is a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted either suddenly or gradually with a stimulus that they fear.

A) Aversive conditioning
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Transference
D) Exposure

Question 26

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy is correctly matched with its description?

A) Psychodynamic approach-Treatment aims to change maladaptive thinking patterns.
B) Behavioral approach-Classical and operant conditioning principles are used to change people's behavior.
C) Psychoanalysis approach-Treatment aims to change a patient's dysfunctional cognitions about the world.
D) Humanistic approach-Therapy aims to bring unconscious conflicts and impulses into the conscious.

Question 27

_____ is the process in which the behavior of other people is modeled to systematically teach people new skills and ways of handling their fears and anxieties.

A) Token systematization
B) Contingency contracting
C) Observational learning
D) Exposure therapy

Question 28

_____ is a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Manifest structuring
D) Exposure treatment

Question 29

_____ is a behavioral technique in which gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Manifest structuring
D) Exposure treatment

Question 30

Despite being criticized,why has psychodynamic therapy remained a viable approach to psychological treatment?

A) It facilitates the development of deep insight into one's life.
B) It is brief and inexpensive.
C) It is more objective than are some other forms of therapy.
D) It doesn't differentiate between articulate and less verbal patients.

Question 31

_____ rewards a person for desired behavior with a poker chip or some kind of play money.

A) The token system
B) Contingency contracting
C) Observational learning
D) The appraisal technique

Question 32

A hierarchy of fears may be used in:

A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) transference.
D) manifest structuring

Question 33

The token system is most often used:

A) in institutional settings,for individuals with relatively serious problems.
B) as an appraisal technique.
C) by friends in a dorm.
D) as a classroom management technique.

Question 34

Giovanni abuses cocaine;Hans has a dog phobia.Which alternative below correctly identifies the behavioral treatment most appropriate for each of these individuals?

A) Giovanni-aversive conditioning;Hans-exposure treatment
B) Giovanni-systematic desensitization;Hans-exposure treatment
C) Giovanni-aversive conditioning;Hans-systematic desensitization
D) Giovanni-exposure treatment;Hans-aversive conditioning

Question 35

How do flooding treatments differ from systematic desensitization?

A) Exposure treatments use a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli;systematic desensitization does not.
B) Exposure treatment gauges neurotic symptoms;systematic desensitization does not.
C) Exposure treatment does not use learned relaxation techniques;systematic desensitization does.
D) Exposure treatment is a very complicated form of therapy;systematic desensitization is not.

Question 36

According to a behavior therapist,how might psychological disorders be treated most effectively?

A) The client should learn new behaviors to replace the faulty skills.
B) Patients should say aloud whatever comes to mind.
C) Unconscious conflicts should be brought to light.
D) Neurotransmitter irregularities should be rectified through drugs.

Question 37

What is transference?

A) The transfer of a learned response from one task to another similar task
B) The transfer of irrational cognitions to the self
C) The transfer of strong feelings about parents or authority figures to a psychoanalyst
D) A behavioral technique invented to facilitate the transfer of learned behaviors from the session to the outside world

Question 38

How does contemporary psychodynamic therapy differ from classic psychoanalysis?

A) Contemporary psychodynamic therapy generally lasts longer than classic psychoanalysis.
B) Today,psychoanalysis takes a less directive role than was the case in the past.
C) Classic psychoanalysts concentrated more on an individual's current relationships and specific complaints than contemporary therapists.
D) Contemporary therapist puts less emphasis on a patient's past history and childhood than classic psychoanalysts.

Question 39

Which of the following is a suitable way of handling transference?

A) The therapist should discourage and attempt to minimize the patient's transference.
B) The therapist can take advantage of transference to help the patient "redo" difficult relationships.
C) The therapist should simply ignore the patient's transference.
D) The therapist should refer the patient to another professional toward whom the patient is unlikely to demonstrate transference.

Question 40

_____ treatment approaches make use of the basic processes of learning,such as reinforcement and extinction,and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 41

Which of the following therapies emphasizes the challenging of irrational,unrealistic beliefs?

A) Multi-modal therapy
B) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) Dialectical-behavior therapy
D) Prolonged-exposure therapy

Question 42

Rational-emotive therapy is associated with _____;cognitive-behavioral approach with _____.

A) Beck;Ellis
B) Beck;Seligman
C) Ellis;Beck
D) Ellis;Seligman

Question 43

Person-centered therapy was developed in the _____ by _____.

A) 1920s;Albert Ellis
B) 1950s;Carl Rogers
C) 1970s;Carl Rogers
D) 1990s;Aaron Beck

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the strengths of the cognitive approach to treatment?

A) It encourages deep insight into one's life.
B) It has been successful in dealing with a wide range of problems.
C) It is flexible and open to incorporating elements of other approaches to treatment.
D) Therapy tends to be highly structured and focused on concrete problems.

Question 45

In person-centered therapy,the therapist:

A) challenges the client's irrational statements.
B) teaches the client cognitive appraisal techniques.
C) uses the token system to monitor behavior.
D) provides unconditional positive regard.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is false regarding behavior therapy?

A) It is especially effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
B) It can produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain.
C) It is actually based mainly on psychoanalytic ideas.
D) It has no problem other than the maladaptive behavior itself.

Question 47

Therapy in which the goal is to reach one's potential for self-actualization is known as _____ therapy.

A) self-help
B) person-centered
C) interpersonal
D) group

Question 48

In _____ appraisal,clients are asked to evaluate situations,themselves,and others in terms of their memories,values,beliefs,thoughts,and expectations.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

Question 49

How is cognitive therapy different from rational-emotive therapy?

A) It entails a more confrontational therapist.
B) It entails a less confrontational therapist.
C) It is relatively long-term and loosely structured.
D) It aims to change people's behavior,rather than their thought pattern.

Question 50

Characteristics of cognitive treatment approaches include each of the following EXCEPT that:

A) it is relatively short term.
B) it focuses on concrete problems.
C) it involves an active therapist.
D) it is not structured.

Question 51

Which of the following alternatives correctly illustrates a term in Ellis's A-B-C model?

A) Activating condition-"I must get the top score in the class;a perfect score."
B) Irrational belief-extreme anxiety
C) Emotional consequence-a midterm test is scheduled for next week
D) Irrational belief-"I will never get a good score in my test"

Question 52

_____ is a form of therapy that attempts to restructure a person's belief system into a more realistic,rational,and logical set of views by challenging dysfunctional beliefs that maintain irrational behavior.

A) Multi-modal therapy
B) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) Dialectical-behavior therapy
D) Prolonged-exposure therapy

Question 53

According to humanistic therapists,psychological disorders result from:

A) the inability to find meaning in life and connection to others.
B) unconscious conflicts and early experiences.
C) irrational thought patterns.
D) faulty learning.

Question 54

_____ therapy is therapy in which the underlying rationale is that people have control of their behavior,can make choices about their lives,and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 55

_____ evidence shows that behavioral treatments can produce actual changes in brain functioning,which suggests that behavioral treatments can produce changes beyond external behavior.

A) Neuroscientific
B) Psychodynamic
C) Cognitive
D) Hearsay

Question 56

_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 57

How might one best respond to the charge that behavior therapy produces only a superficial change in external behavior?

A) Research shows that behavior therapies produce the same sorts of insights into one's life that one associates with psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies.
B) Neuroscientific evidence shows that behavioral treatments produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain.
C) External behavior is a result of internal functions.
D) Research shows that behavior therapies and cognitive therapies are fundamentally the same.

Question 58

_____ is said to occur when therapists imparting certain basic social skills to their clients maintain eye contact and act assertively.

A) Observational learning
B) Contingency contracting
C) Dialectical behavior therapy
D) Behavioral activation

Question 59

Person-centered therapy is a specific type of _____ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

Question 60

_____ approach is a treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think.

A) Psychodynamic-cognitive
B) Humanistic-behavioral
C) Cognitive-behavioral
D) Psychodynamic-humanistic

Question 61

Research shows that behavioral therapy is roughly _____% more effective than no treatment at all.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 60
D) 80

Question 62

Today,most psychologists:

A) echo Eysenck's 1952 position on the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
B) dispute Eysenck's 1952 position on the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
C) believe that psychotherapy is only minimally effective,especially as compared to drug therapy.
D) accept that the symptoms of abnormal behavior go away by themselves if left untreated.

Question 63

Family therapy practitioners believe each of the following statements EXCEPT:

A) individual members of a family may be treated successfully in isolation.
B) the family as a single unit to which each member contributes.
C) an individual member of the family cannot be treated successfully without simultaneously involving other family members.
D) family members tend to take on set roles with respect to each other.

Question 64

Which of the following terms most nearly captures the essence of unconditional positive regard?

A) Directional
B) Empathetic
C) Judgmental
D) Challenging

Question 65

Therapy in which people meet collectively with a therapist to discuss problems is specifically known as _____ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) person-centered
C) interpersonal
D) group

Question 66

_____ therapy refers to short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.

A) Self-help
B) Person-centered
C) Interpersonal
D) Group

Question 67

Interpersonal therapy derives from _____ approaches to therapy,but it is _____.

A) psychodynamic;shorter and more directive
B) psychodynamic;longer and less directive
C) humanistic;shorter and more directive
D) humanistic;longer and less directive

Question 68

How is contemporary person-centered therapy different than it was in Rogers's day?

A) Therapists are even less directive now than in the past.
B) The patient's insight is now seen as less central to the therapeutic process.
C) Therapists are more likely to nudge clients towards insights rather than merely reflecting back their statements.
D) Person-centered therapy is used today in its purest form.

Question 69

In 1952,noted psychologist _____ published a study challenging the effectiveness of _____ therapy.

A) Eysenck;humanistic
B) Eysenck;psychodynamic
C) Cattell;cognitive
D) Cattell;behavioral

Question 70

The newest antipsychotics are called _____ antipsychotics.

A) depot
B) atypical
C) tricyclic
D) typical

Question 71

_____ approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than do _____ approaches.

A) psychodynamic and humanistic;behavioral cognitive
B) cognitive behavioral;psychodynamic
C) cognitive and humanistic;behavioral and psychodynamic
D) behavioral and client-centered;cognitive and psychodynamic

Question 72

Regarding group therapy,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Group therapy is generally more economical than individual therapy.
B) In group therapy,the therapist is usually highly directive.
C) Shy individuals benefit more from group therapy than do assertive people.
D) Group therapies are for shorter durations than individual therapies.

Question 73

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)is an example of _____ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) self-help
C) person-centered
D) interpersonal

Question 74

Atypical antipsychotics affect both _____ and _____ levels in certain parts of the brain.

A) serotonin;dopamine
B) prolactin;histamine
C) epinephrine;GABA
D) oxytocin;glycine

Question 75

The first major antipsychotic drug to be introduced was _____;it was used to treat _____.

A) paliperidone;bipolar disorder
B) paliperidone;schizophrenia
C) chlorpromazine;bipolar disorder
D) chlorpromazine;schizophrenia

Question 76

The effectiveness of various approaches to therapy found that although success rates vary somewhat by treatment form,most treatments show that success rates range from about _____% greater success for treated compared with untreated individuals.

A) 15-20
B) 25-30
C) 70-85
D) 90-95

Question 77

What proportion of people fail to benefit from psychotherapy?

A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 25%

Question 78

A research technique in which data from a large number of studies are statistically combined is known as:

A) matrix analysis.
B) factor analysis.
C) meta-analysis.
D) correlational analysis.

Question 79

No greater change has occurred in mental hospitals than the successful introduction in the mid-_____ of antipsychotic drugs.

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s

Question 80

Which of the following statements is most TRUE?

A) Different forms of therapy work best in different situations.
B) People who don't attend therapy do just as well as people who do.
C) The effectiveness of the different treatments is the same in all cases.
D) Psychotherapy can safely be said to be beneficial for everyone.