Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following statements supports the sociocultural perspective on abnormality?

A) General declines in psychological functioning are seen in drought affected areas.
B) African-Americans are more likely to be hospitalized involuntarily for psychological disorders than are whites.
C) Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among people in their late adulthood than among people in their youth.
D) Huntington's disease is caused by an anomaly in chromosome 4.

Answer 1

African-Americans are more likely to be hospitalized involuntarily for psychological disorders than are whites.

Question 2

The difference between the psychoanalytic perspective and the behavioral perspective on psychological disorders is that:

A) the behavioral perspective looks at abnormal behaviors as symptoms of an underlying problem.
B) the psychoanalytic perspective rejects the idea that prior experiences can have a profound effect on current psychological functioning.
C) the behavioral perspective views the abnormal behavior itself as the problem.
D) the psychoanalytic perspective holds individuals responsible for their abnormal behavior.

Answer 2

the behavioral perspective views the abnormal behavior itself as the problem.

Question 3

A primary goal of treatment using the cognitive perspective on psychological disorders is to:

A) explicitly teach new,more adaptive ways of thinking.
B) use electroconvulsive therapy.
C) detect the genetic anomalies that cause abnormal behaviors.
D) use the technique of trephination for the purpose of treating mental illnesses.

Answer 3

explicitly teach new,more adaptive ways of thinking.

Question 4

Andy visits his family doctor because he displays symptoms of depression.The doctor conducts an examination and deduces the root cause as a chemical imbalance in his brain.In this scenario,which perspective on psychological disorders does Andy's doctor use?

A) Medical perspective
B) Psychoanalytic perspective
C) Humanistic perspective
D) Behavioral perspective

Question 5

The humanistic perspective on psychological disorders emphasizes the:

A) responsibility people have for anomalies in their own behavior.
B) influence of genetic abnormalities that are responsible for anomalies in human behavior.
C) impact of hormonal imbalances that bring about changes in human behavior.
D) influence of the society that is capable of causing behavioral abnormalities.

Question 6

Which perspective on psychological disorders assumes that people's normal and abnormal behavior is shaped by factors such as poverty and prejudice?

A) Sociocultural perspective
B) Psychoanalytic perspective
C) Cognitive perspective
D) Medical perspective

Question 7

_____ is a statistically based approach that observes what behaviors are rare,or occur infrequently in a specific society or culture,and labels those deviations from the norm "abnormal."

A) Abnormality as deviation from the average
B) Abnormality as deviation from the ideal
C) Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort
D) Abnormality as the inability to function effectively

Question 8

_____ refers to behavior considered abnormal if it produces a sense of distress,anxiety,or guilt in an individual or if it is harmful to others in some way.

A) Abnormality as the inability to function effectively
B) Abnormality as a legal concept
C) Abnormality as deviation from the ideal
D) Abnormality as a sense of personal discomfort

Question 9

Which of the following perspectives on psychological disorders assumes that physiological causes are at the root of psychological disorders?

A) Medical perspective
B) Psychoanalytic perspective
C) Humanistic perspective
D) Behavioral perspective

Question 10

Which of the following perspectives on psychological disorders is correctly matched to its strength?

A) Behavioral: Recognizes that people have rich inner lives
B) Psychoanalytic: Offers a precise,objective approach to the symptoms of specific disorders
C) Humanistic: Offers effective drug treatments for many psychological disorders
D) Cognitive: Focuses on thoughts and beliefs,not just behaviors

Question 11

Insanity is a(n)_____ term.

A) legal
B) psychological
C) archaic
D) colloquial

Question 12

Which perspective on psychological disorders primarily argues that psychological disorders stem from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression?

A) Sociocultural perspective
B) Medical perspective
C) Humanistic perspective
D) Psychoanalytic perspective

Question 13

The behavioral perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are:

A) genetic anomalies.
B) learned responses.
C) hormonal imbalances.
D) chemical deficiencies.

Question 14

Psychoanalytic treatment typically involves:

A) administering drugs to maintain hormonal balance.
B) examining early childhood experiences.
C) using electroconvulsive therapy.
D) employing trephination techniques.

Question 15

According to the sociocultural perspective on psychological disorders,which of the following factors is viewed as a possible cause of abnormal behavior?

A) Genetic mutation
B) Poverty
C) Maladaptive thoughts
D) Chemical deficiency

Question 16

It is best to view abnormal behavior and normal behavior as:

A) discrete categories.
B) two well-demarcated and non-overlapping terms.
C) marking two ends of a continuum.
D) absolute states.

Question 17

The greatest strength of the behavioral perspective on psychological disorders is its:

A) emphasis on observable behavior.
B) emphasis on the client's rich inner life.
C) focus on childhood conflicts that affect adult behavior.
D) explicit recognition of the biological underpinnings of behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following statements accurately identifies either a strength or a limitation of the psychoanalytic perspective on psychological disorders?

A) Strength: It highlights individual responsibility for abnormal behavior.
B) Strength: The perspective offers a precise and objective approach for observing and treating behavior.
C) Limitation: There is no conclusive way to link childhood experiences with abnormal adult behavior.
D) Limitation: It does not take into account that prior experiences can have a profound effect on a person's current psychological functioning.

Question 19

The cognitive perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are the result of:

A) vitamin deficiency.
B) maladaptive thoughts.
C) hormonal imbalances.
D) genetic mutations.

Question 20

The humanistic perspective on psychological disorders is associated with the work of:

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) Alfred Kinsey.
D) Carl Jung.

Question 21

The feeling of apprehension and tension experienced in reaction to stressful situations is referred to as:

A) mania.
B) dyslexia.
C) anxiety.
D) paralysis.

Question 22

Thomas has been suffering from insomnia for the last two years.He has also been experiencing tension,headaches,and heart palpitations.His medical reports show that he is not suffering from any physiological or genetic disorder.Thomas is most likely suffering from:

A) Down's syndrome.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) Huntington's chorea.
D) hypochondria.

Question 23

Intense,irrational fear of specific objects or situations are referred to as:

A) compulsions.
B) manias.
C) phobias.
D) obsessions.

Question 24

Brett has an intense,irrational fear of needles and other sharp objects.Brett is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.

A) manic disorder
B) phobic disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) cyclothymic disorder

Question 25

Phobic disorders differ from generalized anxiety and panic disorders in that:

A) they are always preceded by a panic attack.
B) there is a specific,identifiable stimulus that sets off the anxiety reaction.
C) the feeling of anxiety lasts longer.
D) people experience "free-floating" anxiety.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the criticisms of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition?

A) It relies too much on the humanistic perspective on abnormal behavior.
B) It does not allow researchers to explore the cause of a problem as it lacks precise classification.
C) It labels an individual as abnormal and provides a dehumanizing,lifelong stigma.
D) It reduces both the reliability and the validity of diagnostic categorization.

Question 27

An irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable is referred to as:

A) mania.
B) hypomanic episode.
C) compulsion.
D) agnosia.

Question 28

Which of the following statements accurately identifies either a similarity or a dissimilarity between social phobia and agoraphobia?

A) Social phobia often stems from panic disorder,whereas agoraphobia does not.
B) Both agoraphobia and social phobia best illustrate obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) Social phobia is a generalized anxiety disorder,whereas agoraphobia is a phobic disorder.
D) Both agoraphobia and social phobia can prevent people from leaving their homes.

Question 29

The advantage of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition is that:

A) it is primarily descriptive and does not specify the cause or reason for a problem.
B) it does not label an individual as abnormal and thereby avoids a dehumanizing,lifelong stigma.
C) it does not rely too much on the medical perspective on abnormal behavior.
D) it considers the degree to which people display psychologically disordered behavior rather than compartmentalizing them into inflexible categories.

Question 30

Sam washes his hands very frequently.In spite of this,he feels that his hands are not clean and that he might acquire a viral disease due to poor hygiene.Given this information,we can conclude that Sam has:

A) bipolar disorder.
B) cyclothymic disorder.
C) dyskinesia.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 31

Social phobia is the fear of being:

A) suffocated in confined spaces.
B) judged or embarrassed by others.
C) attacked by a clown.
D) sexually abused.

Question 32

Which of the following is a major type of anxiety disorder?

A) Phobic disorder
B) Down syndrome
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 33

Which of the following statements is TRUE of changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition?

A) It is less specific about how the same disorder may change over the course of a person's lifetime.
B) It renames childhood conditions as neurocognitive disorders.
C) It eliminates the "five axes model" of categorizing disorders.
D) It reclassifies gender identity disorder as autism spectrum disorder.

Question 34

Which of the following psychological perspectives is correctly matched to its weakness?

A) Humanistic: Relies on vague,philosophical theories
B) Cognitive: Ignores internal phenomena like thoughts that might contribute to psychological abnormality
C) Behavioral: Looks at abnormal behaviors as symptoms of an underlying problem
D) Sociocultural: Implies that people have total control over their behavior

Question 35

Fear of places,such as unfamiliar or crowded spaces,where help might not be available in case of emergency is referred to as:

A) acrophobia.
B) claustrophobia.
C) xenophobia.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 36

Which of the following is TRUE of people with panic disorders?

A) They have reduced reactions in the anterior cingulate cortex to stimuli.
B) They suffer from degeneration of tissues in the subcortical region.
C) They have heightened emotional processing in the cerebral cortex region.
D) They always have an extra chromosome.

Question 37

The results of Rosenhan's classic study illustrate that:

A) the brains of people with depression show significantly less activation when they view photos of human faces displaying strong emotions.
B) learned helplessness is a learned expectation that events in one's life are uncontrollable.
C) determining who is psychologically disordered is always a clear-cut,accurate process.
D) placing labels on individuals powerfully influences the way mental health workers perceive and interpret their actions.

Question 38

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition removes the outdated term "mental retardation" with:

A) neurocognitive disorder.
B) gender dysphoria.
C) intellectual disability.
D) conversion disorder.

Question 39

Which of the following is a symptom of panic disorder?

A) A sense of impending,unavoidable doom
B) The inability to register new information
C) Loss of memory
D) Loss of motor function

Question 40

Samantha began to feel dizzy while she was shopping with her friends.Although the weather was quite cold,she began sweating heavily.Her friends took her to a doctor but he could not identify the reason behind her symptoms.According to the given scenario,which of the following is Samantha most likely suffering from?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Panic disorder
C) Huntington's disease
D) Trisomy 21

Question 41

_____ is a disorder in which a significant,selective memory loss occurs.

A) Agnosia
B) Anorexia
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Conversion disorder

Question 42

Alex has an intense,unwarranted fear of dogs.Bailey feels driven to wash her hands repeatedly.Callista is plagued by chronic,debilitating worry.Dorian suddenly feels dizzy and short of breath;he feels as if he might die.Which of the following is TRUE of the psychological disorders suffered by these individuals?

A) Alex suffers from generalized anxiety disorder.
B) Bailey suffers from phobic disorder.
C) Callista suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) Dorian suffers from panic disorder.

Question 43

People experiencing conversion disorder frequently react with:

A) anxiety.
B) fear.
C) anger.
D) unconcern.

Question 44

Clara is depressed after losing her job.She has been complaining of a severe backache that is affecting her daily life.However,her physician has examined her and found that there is no medical cause for her condition.According to the symptoms displayed by Clara,she is most likely to be suffering from:

A) a somatic symptom disorder.
B) Parkinson's disease.
C) Huntington's disease.
D) an obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 45

_____ is a disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health.

A) Akinesia
B) Hemophilia
C) Illness anxiety disorder
D) Agnosia

Question 46

Children between the age of 6 and 18 with _____ typically experience temperamental outbursts grossly out of proportion to the situation,both verbally and physically.

A) agnosia
B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) anorexia

Question 47

_____ is the appearance of multiple simultaneous psychological disorders in the same person.

A) Comorbidity
B) Amok
C) Ataque de nervios
D) Agoraphobia

Question 48

_____ is a disorder in which a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 49

A conversion disorder in which an individual's hand becomes entirely numb,while an area above the wrist,controlled by the same nerves,remains sensitive to touch is referred to as:

A) bipolar disorder.
B) cyclothymic disorder.
C) glove anesthesia.
D) dissociative disorder.

Question 50

Which of the following major anxiety disorders is correctly paired with its appropriate symptoms?

A) Phobic disorder: Episodes of panic attack that do not have any identifiable stimuli
B) Generalized anxiety disorder: Persistent,uncontrollable,"free-floating" anxiety
C) Panic disorder: Inability to register new information
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Disruption in motor function

Question 51

Psychological difficulties that take on a physical form but for which there is no medical cause are called _____.

A) genetic disorders
B) chromosomal disorders
C) somatic symptom disorders
D) cognitive disorders

Question 52

_____ is a major somatic symptom disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance,such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inability to move an arm or leg.

A) Conversion disorder
B) Vascular dementia
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Dysphoric disorder

Question 53

Which of the following is TRUE of the causes of anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) If one member of a pair of identical twins has panic disorder,the other twin will not have it.
B) An overactive autonomic nervous system may be at the root of panic attacks.
C) An overstimulated limbic system helps prevent chronic anxiety.
D) Environmental factors do not play a role in anxiety disorders.

Question 54

Paige has a somatic symptom disorder.This means that:

A) she is faking physical symptoms to gain attention.
B) she misinterprets minor symptoms as evidence of serious illness.
C) she is experiencing an actual,dramatic physical disturbance.
D) she is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 55

Rosy visited a doctor with a peculiar condition.She seemed to have lost the ability to use her arm.She complained that it had become numb and completely paralyzed.However,the doctor could not find a biological cause that could explain her condition.Rosy is most likely to be suffering from:

A) conversion disorder.
B) vascular dementia.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) dysthymic disorder.

Question 56

The difference between illness anxiety disorder and conversion disorder is that:

A) illness anxiety disorder is a genetic disorder.
B) conversion disorder involves an actual physical disturbance.
C) illness anxiety disorder has a medical cause.
D) conversion disorder is a chromosomal disorder.

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE of dissociative disorders?

A) Dissociative fugue involves an actual loss of information from memory and typically results from a physiological cause.
B) In dissociative amnesia,people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health.
C) In dissociative identity disorder,an individual displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.
D) In multiple personality disorder,an individual experiences a significant,selective memory loss.

Question 58

Some researchers suggest that poor regulation of the brain's _____ may lead to panic attacks,which cause the limbic system to become overstimulated.

A) amygdala
B) locus ceruleus
C) hippocampus
D) hypothalamus

Question 59

_____ are psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a person's personality that are normally integrated.

A) Conversion disorders
B) Dissociative disorders
C) Chromosomal disorders
D) Somatic symptom disorders

Question 60

Which of the following is TRUE of the potential explanations of anxiety disorders according to the various perspectives employed by psychologists?

A) According to the psychodynamic perspective,anxiety disorders reflect the unrealistic perception of threats in the environment.
B) According to the cognitive perspective,people's maladaptive thoughts about the world are at the root of an anxiety disorder.
C) According to the behavioral perspective,a person's characteristic level of anxiety is related to a specific gene involved in the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
D) According to the genetic perspective,an overactive autonomic nervous system is at the root of panic attacks.

Question 61

The term _____ is sometimes used to describe the lost memories of people with dissociative amnesia.

A) "free-floating" memories
B) la belle indifference
C) repressed memories
D) selective memories

Question 62

Which of the following is TRUE of major depression?

A) It is abnormal to experience sadness after experiencing disappointment in life.
B) People suffering from major depression have high levels of energy.
C) Major depression may have no clear trigger and is more intense than normal depression.
D) For reasons unknown,the rate of depression is decreasing throughout the world.

Question 63

Mood disorder refers to:

A) a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and assumes a new identity.
B) a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.
C) an actual physical disturbance,such as the inability to use a sensory organ.
D) an actual loss of information from memory that typically results from a physiological cause.

Question 64

_____ is a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs.

A) Schizophrenia
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Hypochondriasis
D) Bipolar disorder

Question 65

Which of the following is TRUE of the symptoms of mood disorders?

A) In mania,the individual cycles between periods of intense happiness on the one hand and deep depression on the other.
B) In bipolar disorder,the individual feels elated all the time and seems to have boundless energy.
C) In major depression,the individual feels useless,worthless,and lonely,and also thinks the future is hopeless.
D) In manic-depressive disorder,the individual seems to have lost his or her eye sight.

Question 66

Omar finds himself in front of a pet supplies display in a discount store in the town of Xania.His last memories are of his childhood in the town of Genovia.He cannot recall how he reached the discount store.Which of the following most accurately describes Omar's condition?

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Dissociative amnesia
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 67

Patients diagnosed with _____ account for by far the largest percentage of those hospitalized with psychological disorders.

A) schizophrenia
B) dissociative disorders
C) major depression
D) anxiety disorders

Question 68

Butch,a gifted musician,alternates between periods of dark despair and times of elation,great energy,recklessness,and creativity.He seems to be most prolific during periods of mania.Butch is most likely to be suffering from _____.

A) conversion disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) dissociative disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder

Question 69

Which of the following is TRUE of the various approaches to understanding depression?

A) According to the psychoanalytic approach,depression is produced by the threatened loss of a parent early in life.
B) According to the medical approach,depression reflects the fact that life provides few rewards.
C) According to the behavioral approach,depression is based on negative thought patterns.
D) According to the cognitive approach,functioning of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain are related to depression.

Question 70

_____ is a disorder in which a person typically alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression.

A) Amnesia
B) Conversion disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Dissociative fugue

Question 71

Psychologist _____ suggests that depression is largely a response to learned helplessness.

A) Rogers
B) Seligman
C) Ellis
D) Maslow

Question 72

Dr.Allan,a psychologist,believes that women are more prone to depression because they experience fluctuations in estrogen levels,whereas men do not.Dr.Allan seems to favor a _____ approach to understanding depression.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 73

_____ is a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity.

A) Anorexia
B) Conversion disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Dissociative fugue

Question 74

Which of the following neurotransmitters plays a major role in depression?

A) Endorphins
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Morphine

Question 75

The common thread among dissociative disorders is that:

A) they allow people to escape from some anxiety-producing situation.
B) people suffering from these disorders experience a significant loss of memory.
C) they involve an actual physical disturbance,such as the inability to see or hear.
D) people suffering from these disorders leave their home to lead a life of anonymity.

Question 76

Which of the following is TRUE of mood disorders?

A) Mania refers to a severe state of depression.
B) Bipolar disorder refers to a condition in which a person alternates between periods of depression and mania.
C) Dissociative fugue refers to a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.
D) Manic-depressive disorder refers to a severe condition of short-term memory loss.

Question 77

Which of the following occurs in schizophrenia?

A) An extended state of intense,wild elation
B) A severe distortion of reality
C) A loss of motor function
D) A loss of eyesight

Question 78

Which of the following is TRUE of manic-depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?

A) Manic-depressive disorder is a type of bipolar disorder.
B) Bipolar disorder is a type of manic-depressive disorder.
C) Manic-depressive disorder is a severe form of bipolar disorder.
D) Bipolar disorder is a new term that has replaced the label manic-depressive disorder.

Question 79

How does dissociative amnesia differ from simple amnesia?

A) Dissociative amnesia involves an actual loss of memory,whereas simple amnesia does not.
B) Simple amnesia involves an actual loss of memory,whereas dissociative amnesia does not.
C) Simple amnesia occurs due to stress,whereas dissociative amnesia does not.
D) Dissociative amnesia typically results from a physiological cause,whereas simple amnesia does not.

Question 80

_____ is an extended state of intense,wild elation.

A) Mania
B) Depression
C) Anxiety
D) Insomnia