Deck 11: Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

Question 1

The number of hassles people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of such problems as the flu,a sore throat,and backaches.The number of uplifts people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of these sorts of problems.

A) not;not
B) not;negatively
C) positively;not
D) positively;negatively

Answer 1

positively;negatively

Question 2

Misplacing one's keys illustrates a:

A) personal stressor.
B) background stressor.
C) cataclysmic event.
D) catastrophic event.

Answer 2

background stressor.

Question 3

What is the approximate percentage of soldiers returning from Iraq who show symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 20%
D) 15%

Answer 3

15%

Question 4

Which of the following sequences best captures the "stress cycle," from the beginning to the end of one cycle?

A) Stressor $\rarr$ stress $\rarr$ coping $\rarr$ adaptation
B) Stress $\rarr$ stressor $\rarr$ coping $\rarr$ adaptation
C) Stress $\rarr$ stressor $\rarr$ adaptation $\rarr$ coping
D) Stressor $\rarr$ adaptation $\rarr$ stress $\rarr$ coping

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE of stress?

A) The greater the number of uplifts we experience,the fewer the psychological symptoms we report later.
B) Stress increases the immune system response.
C) Continued exposure to stress results in an improvement in the body's overall level of biological functioning because of the constant secretion of stress-related hormones.
D) Stress is a universal phenomenon and not a personal thing.

Question 6

Which of the following would qualify as an example of a cataclysmic event?

A) Being stranded in an earthquake affected area
B) Getting ready for the first day at work
C) Getting irritated due to slow Internet connection at work
D) Suffering from a severe headache

Question 7

Susan has been working tirelessly for the past few weeks to meet tight deadlines.She is also being compelled by her parents to get married and settle down.Susan is stressed and has been diagnosed with high blood pressure,skin rashes,and fatigue.She is in a helpless state and thinks her life is in turmoil.Susan is suffering from a(n)_____.

A) emotional insulation
B) defense mechanism
C) psychophysiological disorder
D) general adaptation syndrome

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE of stress?

A) Although adaptation is often major,it requires minimal effort when stress is very severe or long lasting.
B) Stress is a very personal thing.
C) Positive events never produce stress.
D) Our attempts to overcome stress may produce biological and psychological responses that improve our overall health.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best expresses the position of most health psychologists on the mind-body issue?

A) The mind and the body are separate entities.
B) The mind and the body are one and the same.
C) The mind and the body are clearly linked.
D) Health psychologists are concerned only with the body.

Question 10

Which of the following types refers to strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once?

A) Personal stressors
B) Cataclysmic events
C) Background stressors
D) Daily hassles

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE of the consequences of stress?

A) Only negative stressors affect you physiologically.
B) Stress produces both biological and psychological consequences.
C) Stress does not have direct physiological results.
D) Stress increases the immune system response.

Question 12

The suicide rate for veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars is _____ the general population.

A) twice as high as
B) the same as
C) less than half for
D) three times as high as

Question 13

Dr.Alastair examines the relationship among psychological factors,the immune system,and the brain.Dr.Alastair is a:

A) psychoimmunologist.
B) psychoneuroimmunologist.
C) psychoneurologist.
D) neuroimmunologist.

Question 14

Which category of stressor is correctly matched with an example?

A) Background stressor-the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico
B) Personal stressor-being fired
C) Cataclysmic event-spending time on hold on the phone
D) Personal stressor-realizing that there is no fuel in your car when you have to rush to work

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a personal stressor?

A) Getting stuck in a severe traffic jam
B) Waiting in a restaurant for a long duration for an order to be taken
C) Being informed about a suicide bomb attack
D) Giving birth to a baby

Question 16

Which of the following would qualify as an example of a background stressor?

A) Losing one's sibling in a train accident
B) Getting married to one's childhood sweetheart
C) Getting irritated because one is stuck in a huge traffic jam
D) Losing an eye during a bomb blast

Question 17

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between background stressors and daily hassles?

A) Background stressors are less severe than daily hassles.
B) Background stressors and daily hassles are the same thing.
C) Daily hassles help overcome background stressors.
D) Daily hassles are a type of background stressor.

Question 18

Posttraumatic stress disorder,or PTSD,may result from:

A) cataclysmic events and severe personal stressors.
B) personal stressors only.
C) background stressors only.
D) background stressors and uplifts.

Question 19

Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery.This is an example of a _____.

A) personal stressor
B) background stressor
C) cataclysmic event
D) catastrophic event

Question 20

In the psychology of health and stress,Hans Selye is associated with the study of:

A) the hardy personality.
B) coping strategies.
C) the general adaptation syndrome.
D) Type A and Type B personalities.

Question 21

At which stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation model (GAS)are individuals the most likely to show negative consequences of stress?

A) Exhaustion
B) Resistance
C) Alarm
D) Mobilization

Question 22

People enter the last stage of the general adaptation syndrome-exhaustion-when:

A) resistance is inadequate.
B) they just become aware of the presence of a stressor.
C) their sympathetic nervous system starts to become energized.
D) they attempt to cope with the stressor.

Question 23

Some health psychologists have criticized the general adaptation syndrome because:

A) it suggests that one's physiological reaction to stress is rapidly changing,which may not be true.
B) it does not take into account how an individual interprets or appraises a stressful event.
C) they believe people's biological responses are not specific to the way they appraise a stressful event.
D) they believe that the physiological response to stress follows the same set pattern regardless of the cause of stress.

Question 24

Steve gets himself a couple of drinks at his favorite pub,every day after work,in order to reduce his stress.Steve is engaging himself in _____ coping.

A) problem-focused
B) emotion-focused
C) proactive
D) avoidant

Question 25

Efforts to control,reduce,or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress are known as:

A) coping.
B) adaptation.
C) resistance.
D) reactance.

Question 26

Which of the following is TRUE about the general adaptation syndrome?

A) In the mobilization stage,people use a variety of means to cope with the stressor- sometimes successfully but at a cost of some degree of physical or psychological well-being.
B) In the alarm stage,the sympathetic nervous system becomes weak due to the sudden onset of stress.
C) The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is known as the alarm and mobilization stage.
D) If exhaustion is inadequate,people enter the resistance stage to cope with stress.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is TRUE about emotion-focused coping?

A) In emotion-focused coping,a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes.
B) Taking time-out from stress by creating positive events is a type of emotion-focused coping.
C) Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is unchangeable.
D) Emotion-focused coping attempts to modify the source of stress.

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A) During the exhaustion stage,the sympathetic nervous system becomes energized,which helps a person cope initially with the stressor.
B) During the exhaustion stage,a person's ability to fight the stressor is highest.
C) During the exhaustion stage,sometimes people escape a stressor.
D) During the exhaustion stage,the body is actively fighting the stressor on a biological level.

Question 29

During the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome,the body is actively fighting the stressor on a biological level.

A) exhaustion
B) resistance
C) alarm
D) mobilization

Question 30

Which of the following is TRUE of defense mechanisms?

A) Defense mechanisms deal with reality.
B) Defense mechanisms are personality characteristics associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness.
C) Defense mechanisms permit people to avoid stress by acting as if the stress were not even there.
D) People who practice defense mechanisms are generally optimistic,good-natured,and have good social skills.

Question 31

Which of the following refers to unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others?

A) Subjective well-being tactics
B) Defense mechanisms
C) Cataclysmic events
D) Type B behavior patterns

Question 32

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the stages of the general adaptation syndrome,from first to last?

A) Alarm $\rarr$ exhaustion $\rarr$ resistance
B) Alarm $\rarr$ resistance $\rarr$ exhaustion
C) Resistance $\rarr$ alarm $\rarr$ exhaustion
D) Exhaustion $\rarr$ resistance $\rarr$ alarm

Question 33

Eve was stressed as she had got transferred to Italy.She decided to look at the brighter side of her relocation by telling herself that it will be a new experience,that she will be able to meet different people,and see new places.Eve is displaying _____ coping.

A) emotion-focused
B) proactive
C) avoidant
D) defensive

Question 34

Which of the following is found to be the least successful coping method for dealing with stress?

A) Avoidant coping
B) Proactive coping
C) Emotion-focused coping
D) Problem-focused coping

Question 35

Following an ugly confrontation with a coworker,Simon seeks sympathy from his friends.Simon is practicing _____ coping.

A) problem-focused
B) emotion-focused
C) avoidant
D) proactive

Question 36

Faced with overlapping,unrealistic deadlines at work,Ivan recruits his friends to perform some of the routine clerical tasks associated with the projects.Ivan is engaged in _____ coping.

A) problem-focused
B) emotion-focused
C) avoidant
D) proactive

Question 37

Which of the following statements is TRUE about problem-focused coping?

A) Problem-focused coping leads to changes in behavior or to the development of a plan of action to deal with stress.
B) People use problem-focused strategies more frequently when they perceive circumstances as being unchangeable.
C) Problem-focused coping includes strategies such as accepting sympathy from others and looking at the bright side of a situation.
D) In problem-focused coping,a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes.

Question 38

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome model is correctly matched with an example?

A) Alarm-drinking coffee and energy drinks to stay up late each night,writing the political science paper
B) Resistance-realizing that a major term paper is due in 2 weeks in your political science course
C) Exhaustion-coming down with a bad cold the day after you hand in the political science paper
D) Alarm-visiting the library daily to do reference and research work to write the political science paper.

Question 39

Wishful thinking and the use of drugs exemplify the use of _____ coping.

A) problem-focused
B) emotion-focused
C) avoidant
D) proactive

Question 40

Stress may impair our production of disease-fighting white blood cells called:

A) leukocytes.
B) lymphocytes.
C) monocytes.
D) hemocytes.

Question 41

Annie is a Type A individual.She is likely to display _____ behavior.

A) hostile
B) patient
C) cooperative
D) noncompetitive

Question 42

Kim is aggressive,competitive,and ambitious.Lonnie is relaxed,cooperative,and patient.Morrie is anxious,tense,and pessimistic.Which individual is correctly paired with the behavior pattern he or she reflects?

A) Lonnie-Type B
B) Morrie-Type A
C) Kim-Type D
D) Kim-Type C

Question 43

Katie was very excited about the athletics event to be held in her school.She got injured just a few days before the event and was asked by her physician to take rest for one full day.She was very frustrated and worried that she might be replaced by her friend,Elaine,if she misses her daily practice.She ignored her physician's advice,went ahead with her practice,and worsened the injury.Katie is most likely a _____ personality.

A) Type B
B) Type A
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 44

A 1988 study conducted by Lehman and Taylor reports that California students living in dormitories,close to areas of geological fault,unlikely to withstand an earthquake were more likely to doubt earthquake predictions than were students living in safer structures.This example best illustrates:

A) avoidant coping.
B) a projection.
C) emotion-based coping.
D) a defense mechanism.

Question 45

Agreeing with the statement "Sometimes I feel like I can't do anything about my life" would reflect:

A) learned helplessness.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) emotional insulation.
D) problem-focused coping.

Question 46

The _____ behavior pattern is a cluster of behaviors involving hostility,competitiveness,time urgency,and feeling driven.

A) Type B
B) Type D
C) Type C
D) Type A

Question 47

Which of the following is TRUE of resilience?

A) Resilient people are not able to work with what they have and tend to complain about whatever situation they find themselves in.
B) Resilient people conclude that there is no link between the responses they make and the outcomes that occur.
C) Resilience occurs when people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled.
D) Resilience results in the release of the hormone cortisol which is helpful in responding to challenges although too much can produce damage.

Question 48

Which of the following refers to the ability to withstand,overcome,and actually thrive after profound adversity?

A) Emotional insulation
B) Avoidant coping
C) Hostility
D) Resilience

Question 49

The strategy of preparing for stress before it happens is termed _____ coping.

A) anticipatory
B) proactive
C) preventive
D) reactive

Question 50

The _____ behavior pattern is characterized by a patient and nonaggressive manner.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 51

People sometimes stop even trying to cope with stress if they feel that they have no control over the bad things that happen to them.This state is referred to as:

A) emotional insulation.
B) learned helplessness.
C) avoidant reactance.
D) denial.

Question 52

Despite growing up in an environment characterized by unemployment,violence,drug abuse,and poverty,Geoff finished college and is successful and thriving today.Geoff is:

A) hostile.
B) hardy.
C) resilient.
D) fortunate.

Question 53

Jane is a calm and composed person who believes in working patiently.She hates the idea of employees working aggressively to win more incentives than their coworkers.She is cooperative with her coworkers and helps them whenever they are in need.Jane is a _____ individual.

A) Type C
B) Type A
C) Type B
D) Type D

Question 54

"Don't wait for the storm to pass-learn to dance in the rain," exhorts an inspirational poster you notice in an office.This quote most directly relates to the _____ component of hardiness.

A) commitment
B) challenge
C) control
D) coping

Question 55

Eric has a Type A behavior pattern.Which of the following characteristics is Eric likely to exhibit?

A) Patience
B) Time urgency
C) Lower stress levels
D) Cooperation

Question 56

Which of the following should be followed to cope with a stressful situation?

A) One should stick to one's goals.
B) One should change one's appraisal of the situation.
C) One should avoid taking physical action.
D) One should try to turn a challenge into a threat.

Question 57

Which of the following behavior patterns is correctly matched with its typical trait?

A) Type A: insecure
B) Type B: cooperative
C) Type D: hostile
D) Type A: noncompetitive

Question 58

Vivian always makes sure that he submits his class assignments before anybody else does.Also,he aims at getting the highest score among his classmates.Vivian has a _____ behavior pattern.

A) Type C
B) Type B
C) Type A
D) Type D

Question 59

Patrick is a typical Type B personality.Patrick would be characterized by _____ behavior.

A) hostile
B) competitive
C) insecure
D) nonaggressive

Question 60

Martha has a Type B behavior pattern.Which of the following characteristics is likely to be observed in Martha?

A) Hostility
B) Time urgency
C) Competitiveness
D) Cooperation

Question 61

Owen is a Type B personality.Owen would be characterized by _____ behavior.

A) noncompetitive
B) stressful
C) hostile
D) panicky

Question 62

The component of the Type A pattern most strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of:

A) hostility.
B) competitiveness.
C) time urgency.
D) ambitiousness.

Question 63

Being insecure,negative,and anxious are personality traits that are characteristics of the _____ personality style.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type D
D) Type C

Question 64

Approximately _____% of high school students are active cigarette smokers by the time they graduate.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 25
D) 35

Question 65

In the long term,the most effective means of reducing smoking may be:

A) using the patch or nicotine replacement gum.
B) going cold turkey.
C) changes in societal norms and attitudes toward the habit.
D) using Zyban or similar drugs.

Question 66

Blythe takes the medication prescribed by her doctor.However,she takes an increased dose and combines the drug with other medications based on her past experience.Blythe is practicing:

A) reactance.
B) creative nonadherence.
C) modified compliance.
D) hardiness.

Question 67

Mick is a dedicated basketball player who believes in cultivating his sports skills by competing with others.He always feels driven to practice and improve his techniques of shooting,passing,and rebounding.Also,he is extremely patient and cooperative when he teaches the technique to his teammates.Mick's behavior:

A) reflects a Type B behavior pattern.
B) falls between Type A and Type B behavior patterns.
C) is a combination of Type C and Type D behavior patterns.
D) represents insecurity,anxiety,and hostility.

Question 68

Approximately what percentage of current smokers report that they would like to quit?

A) 90%
B) 75%
C) 65%
D) 50%

Question 69

Smoking is the number _____ preventable cause of death in the United States;one in _____ deaths in the United States is/are caused by smoking.

A) one;five
B) one;four
C) two;five
D) two;four

Question 70

According to the World Health Organization,what percentage of the world's population will die as a result of smoking?

A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 20%

Question 71

Which of the following is TRUE of cancer?

A) Development of cancer is directly related to the Type A behavior pattern.
B) Cancer is a disease which cannot be cured even if detected early.
C) Cancer spreads when certain cells in the body become altered and multiply rapidly in an uncontrolled fashion.
D) Conclusive evidence suggests that cancer patients are less emotionally reactive,suppress anger,and lack outlets for emotional release.

Question 72

The key component of the Type A behavior pattern,hostility,is highly toxic because it:

A) produces excessive physiological arousal in stressful situations.
B) affects the course of cancer through links to the immune system.
C) decreases heart rate and blood pressure.
D) results in decreased production of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 73

The average smoker tries to quit about _____ times before being successful.

A) 3 to 4
B) 5 to 6
C) 8 to 10
D) 12 to15

Question 74

Which of the following is supposed to be the most successful method of quitting smoking?

A) Using the patch or nicotine replacement gum
B) Going cold turkey
C) Attending counseling,along with using nicotine replacement patches or gums
D) Using Zyban or similar drugs

Question 75

Which of the following is TRUE of the Type A behavior pattern?

A) Men who display the Type A behavior pattern suffer significantly less fatal heart attacks than those classified as having the Type B pattern.
B) Patience is the key component of the Type A behavior pattern which is related to non-aggressiveness.
C) The importance of the Type A behavior pattern lies in its links to coronary heart disease.
D) The Type A behavior pattern is characterized by a patient,cooperative,noncompetitive,and nonaggressive manner.

Question 76

Overall,only about _____ of those who try to quit smoking actually succeed over the long term.

A) 25%
B) 15%
C) 5%
D) 1%

Question 77

Neil,a team lead in an advertising firm,is a harmonious person who provides constant support to his teammates without any hassles,is cooperative,and patient.Neil is most likely a _____ personality.

A) Type D
B) Type A
C) Type C
D) Type B

Question 78

After a year of avoiding cigarettes,the probability of relapse is _____.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 79

The rate of lung cancer among African-American smokers is _____ than it is among white smokers.

A) 75% lower
B) 25% higher
C) 50% higher
D) 50% lower

Question 80

The Type A and Type B behavior patterns are best seen as:

A) distinct categories.
B) overlapping categories.
C) the ends of a continuum.
D) orthogonal dimensions.