Deck 9: Intelligence

Question 1

Which of the following is most likely to draw on fluid intelligence?

A)Solving a new kind of puzzle
B)Answering trivia questions
C)Figuring out how to fix a familiar appliance
D)Participating in a discussion about the solution to the causes of poverty

Answer 1

Solving a new kind of puzzle

Question 2

In the introduction to its discussion of intelligence,your text suggests that conceptions of intelligence vary cross-culturally.To the Trukese of the South Pacific,for example,intelligence may mean the ability to navigate on the open water without technological assistance; to a Westerner,traveling along the most direct and quickest route by using a sextant and other navigational tools is likely to represent the most "intelligent" kind of behavior.Nevertheless,one element of the understanding of intelligence that is consistent across culture is:

A)the ability to use the resources provided by one's environment.
B)the ability to understand and relate to others.
C)to think rationally; that is,with one's head rather than one's heart.
D)to solve abstract,complex problems.

Answer 2

the ability to use the resources provided by one's environment.

Question 3

Early psychologists argued that g represented general intelligence.According to these psychologists,individuals good at numerical tests:

A)are generally good on all tests.
B)are generally poor on all other tests.
C)excel at visual but not verbal tasks.
D)excel at verbal tasks but not visual ones.

Answer 3

are generally good on all tests.

Question 4

According to the text,a positive feature of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is:

A)the empirical support it has received.
B)the intuitive appeal of the underlying concept.
C)that it has led to the development of intelligence tests that allow test takers to be creative.
D)that it focuses on cases of brain damage,as well as of mental retardation and giftedness.

Question 5

Psychologists define _____ as the capacity to understand the world,think rationally,and use resources effectively when faced with challenges.

A)cognition
B)intelligence
C)sensation
D)perception

Question 6

_____ involves identifying and thinking about the fundamental questions of human entity.

A)Emotional intelligence
B)Analytical intelligence
C)Crystallized intelligence
D)Existential intelligence

Question 7

Bonnie studied car mechanics in high school and spent a lot of time helping out at her father's garage.Her ability to replace a blown gasket relies primarily on her _____ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)flexible
C)kinesthetic
D)crystallized

Question 8

_____ intelligence is the accumulation of information,knowledge,and skills that people have learned through experience and education.

A)Fluid
B)Reflexive
C)Spatial
D)Crystallized

Question 9

Intelligence that reflects the ability to reason abstractly is termed _____ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)reflexive
C)spatial
D)crystallized

Question 10

Laverne's scores on different parts of an IQ test are very different from one another.Laverne's profile of scores on the test:

A)contradicts the view of intelligence offered by early psychologists.
B)supports the view of intelligence offered by early psychologists.
C)contradicts the view of intelligence offered by contemporary psychologists.
D)supports the g-factor theory of mental ability.

Question 11

____ is Gardner's intelligence theory that proposes that there are eight distinct spheres of intelligence.

A)The triarchic theory of intelligence
B)The theory of primary mental abilities
C)The theory of multiple intelligences
D)The theory of general intelligence

Question 12

In what way do more recent theories of intelligence differ from those offered earlier in psychology's history?

A)More recent theories propose that there may be multiple forms of intelligence,rather than just one.
B)More recent theories propose that there may be a single broad factor underlying every aspect of intelligence.
C)More recent theories tend to dismiss the notion that cultural differences are important to the definition of intelligence.
D)More recent theories claim that people who did poorly on one test tended to do poorly on others as well.

Question 13

In contrast to _____,_____ is more a reflection of the culture in which a person is raised.

A)existential intelligence; fluid intelligence
B)crystallized intelligence; existential intelligence
C)fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
D)existential intelligence; kinesthetic intelligence

Question 14

According to Gardner's view of different forms of intelligence,each of the multiple intelligences:

A)links to an independent system in the brain.
B)involves identifying the fundamental question of human existence.
C)operates in isolation and not together.
D)depends on the fluid intelligence of an individual.

Question 15

Early theorists inferred the existence of a general intelligence factor or g-factor from:

A)the high reliability coefficients of the results of individual tests.
B)the low correlations among tests of different intellectual skills.
C)the negative correlations among tests of different intellectual skills.
D)the correlation between performances among tests of different intellectual skills.

Question 16

Janet has a knack for figuring things out.When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before,Janet always manages to find a solution.Janet has a high _____ intelligence.

A)spatial
B)flexible
C)fluid
D)crystallized

Question 17

_____ is the single factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence.

A)The g-factor
B)The p-factor
C)The i-factor
D)The m-factor

Question 18

The g-factor is:

A)the factor that helps us reason abstractly.
B)a general intelligence factor that was thought to underlie performance in every aspect of intelligence.
C)a score derived from one of several standardized tests that are designed to assess the overall intelligence.
D)the same thing as crystallized intelligence.

Question 19

Ashley,a psychology major,remarks that she has become interested in the study of intelligence.In other words,Ashley is interested in:

A)the capacity to understand the world,think rationally,and use resources effectively.
B)how behavior changes as a result of past experience.
C)the factors directing behavior toward a goal.
D)the ability to generate novel solutions to problems.

Question 20

Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in one minute; Alex is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams.Jody is taking a test of _____,whereas Alex,a test of _____.

A)fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
B)fluid intelligence; fluid intelligence as well
C)crystallized intelligence; crystallized intelligence as well
D)crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

Question 21

Collectivist cultures,such as Taiwan's,place a high priority on how individuals relate to each other.It might be reasonable to hypothesize that Taiwanese adults might outscore American adults on a test of Gardner's _____ intelligence.

A)naturalistic
B)intrapersonal
C)practical
D)interpersonal

Question 22

Traditional tests were designed to relate to _____.

A)academic success
B)career success
C)spiritual success
D)familial success

Question 23

Bodily kinesthetic intelligence refers to skills:

A)in problem solving,scientific thinking,logical thinking,and interacting with others.
B)in using the whole body or various portions of it in the solution of problems.
C)involving spatial configurations.
D)involved in the production and use of language.

Question 24

Gardner's theory includes each of the following types of intelligence EXCEPT:

A)tacit intelligence.
B)musical intelligence.
C)bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
D)interpersonal intelligence.

Question 25

Which of the following alternatives does NOT correctly use Gardner's terminology to identify the type of intelligence with the characteristic of a well-known individual?

A)Babe Ruth-athletic
B)Barbara McClintock-numerical
C)T.S.Eliot-linguistic
D)Virginia Wolf-naturalistic

Question 26

Etta is taking an intelligence test based on Gardner's multiple intelligences theory.How is Etta's performance likely to be scored?

A)She will receive a score for each of eight types of intelligence.
B)She will receive a score for each of three types of intelligence.
C)She will be classified as having one of eight types of intelligence.
D)She will receive an overall intelligence score,like an IQ.

Question 27

According to Sternberg,intelligence related to overall success in living is known as _____ intelligence.

A)practical
B)crystallized
C)emotional
D)creative

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE of academic success and career success?

A)Academic success and career success both rely on the sort of intelligence assessed by traditional intelligence tests.
B)Academic success and career success are based on two different types of intelligence.
C)Traditional tests were designed to relate to career success,while contemporary tests are designed to relate to academic success.
D)Both academic and career success relate to practical intelligence.

Question 29

People who are high in _____ intelligence are able to learn general norms and principles and apply them appropriately.

A)practical
B)crystallized
C)emotional
D)linguistic

Question 30

Knowledge of the internal aspects of oneself is termed _____.

A)naturalistic intelligence
B)interpersonal intelligence
C)intrapersonal intelligence
D)spatial intelligence

Question 31

Which of the following professionals would most likely display spatial intelligence?

A)A dancer
B)An actor
C)A social worker
D)An architect

Question 32

The notion of practical intelligence is associated with:

A)Gardner.
B)Sternberg.
C)Wechsler.
D)Spearman.

Question 33

Kyana is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client.Based on this information,in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kyana to be high?

A)Analytic
B)Bodily kinesthetic
C)Interpersonal
D)Spatial

Question 34

Which of the following is one of Gardner's forms of intelligence?

A)General intelligence
B)Analytical intelligence
C)Crystallized intelligence
D)Musical intelligence

Question 35

Logical-mathematical intelligence refers to skills:

A)in problem solving and scientific thinking.
B)in using the whole body or various portions of it in the solution of problems or in the construction of products or displays.
C)involved in the ability to identify patterns in nature.
D)involved in the production and use of language.

Question 36

The _____ area of the brain is critical to juggling many pieces of information simultaneously and solving new problems.

A)corpus callosum
B)thalamus
C)lateral prefrontal cortex
D)hippocampus

Question 37

Higher intelligence is related to the thickness of the _____.

A)corpus callosum
B)thalamus
C)cerebral cortex
D)hippocampus

Question 38

Dancers,athletes,actors,and surgeons display:

A)bodily kinesthetic intelligence.
B)naturalist intelligence.
C)intrapersonal intelligence.
D)spatial intelligence.

Question 39

_____ refers to skills involved in the production and use of language.

A)Naturalistic intelligence
B)Linguistic intelligence
C)Intrapersonal intelligence
D)Spatial intelligence

Question 40

Michael is completing a difficult series of verbal analogies.Most likely,the lateral _____ cortex in his brain is active.

A)occipital
B)prefrontal
C)parietal
D)temporal

Question 41

Approximately _____ of the population have an IQ score between 85 and 115.

A)52%
B)68%
C)77%
D)85%

Question 42

Intelligence quotient (IQ)is a measure of intelligence that takes into account an individual's:

A)mental age alone.
B)physical age alone.
C)physical and developmental ages.
D)mental and chronological ages.

Question 43

If we were to plot the IQ scores of every person living in the United States on a graph,we would end up with:

A)a downward sloping curve.
B)a vertical line.
C)a uniform distribution-that is,a straight horizontal line.
D)a bell-shaped curve.

Question 44

Contemporary tests of intelligence are in widespread use in the United States EXCEPT the:

A)WISC-IV.
B)WAIS-IV.
C)Spearman G Scale.
D)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.

Question 45

The age for which a given level of performance is average or typical is known as _____.

A)mental age
B)societal age
C)chronological age
D)behavioral age

Question 46

Below are several statements about the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.Which statement is correctly identified as FALSE?

A)The test is administered orally-False
B)The test includes verbal and nonverbal assessments-False
C)The same items are used for test-takers of different ages-False
D)The test yields separate subscores that provide clues to a test-taker's particular strengths and weaknesses-False

Question 47

The three types of intelligence proposed by Sternberg include each of the following EXCEPT _____ intelligence.

A)analytical
B)practical
C)logical
D)creative

Question 48

Laura is 8 years old; her performance on a series of tasks is equivalent to that of the average 10-year-old.Her intelligence quotient is:

A)125.
B)80.
C)110.
D)150.

Question 49

A psychological test is reliable when it:

A)measures what it is actually supposed to measure.
B)has been normalized using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed.
C)yields consistent measurements.
D)measures the positives in the test.

Question 50

The first real intelligence tests were developed by:

A)Galton.
B)Binet.
C)Spearman.
D)Wechsler.

Question 51

Which of the major intelligence concepts is correctly matched with a description?

A)Practical intelligence-intelligence attuned to the feelings and needs of oneself or others
B)Crystallized intelligence-information,skills,and knowledge learned through experience
C)Gardner's theory-intelligence related to reasoning,memory,and information-processing capabilities
D)Information-processing approach-eight independent forms of intelligence

Question 52

Coral's IQ score is 104.She is in good company: nearly _____ out of ten people have IQ scores between 85 and 115.

A)three
B)seven
C)five
D)nine

Question 53

_____ intelligence is the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment,evaluation,expression,and regulation of one's mental state.

A)Emotional
B)Practical
C)Fluid
D)Crystallized

Question 54

The most commonly used IQ test in the United States is the:

A)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
B)Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV.
C)Spearman G Scale.
D)Terman Intelligence Scale.

Question 55

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV?

A)The WAIS-IV is for use on males only,whereas the WISC-IV is used on females only.
B)The WAIS-IV is a test of verbal intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is a test of nonverbal intelligence.
C)The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence.
D)The WAIS-IV is the current successor to the WISC-IV,an older test of intelligence.

Question 56

Which of the following statements best describes the fate of Binet's intelligence test within psychology?

A)It really has had little lasting influence on contemporary intelligence testing.
B)It is still used,and it is in virtually the same form as Binet's original test.
C)It was used for a number of decades but was then abandoned.
D)It is still used but in a heavily revised form.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT among the disadvantages of group IQ tests?

A)Group IQ tests offer fewer types of questions than do individually administered tests.
B)People may be less motivated to do their best work on a group-administered test than on an individually administered test.
C)It is not always possible to employ group tests with young children.
D)They are difficult to administer and score on a large-scale basis.

Question 58

If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age,then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is:

A)CA/MA x 100.
B)MA/CA x 100.
C)CA/(MA x 100).
D)MA/(CA x 100).

Question 59

About 95% of the population have IQ scores that are within _____ points above or below 100.

A)30
B)10
C)50
D)70

Question 60

Imagine that 6-year-olds can complete a particular block design puzzle in five minutes.It takes Bailey almost eight minutes to complete the same task.In Binet's terms,Bailey's _____ age is _____ than six.

A)chronological; higher
B)chronological; lower
C)mental; higher
D)mental; lower

Question 61

Sir Francis Galton assumed that skull size is related to intelligence.This was _____ measure of intelligence.

A)a reliable,but not a valid
B)a valid,but not a reliable
C)both a reliable and a valid
D)neither a reliable nor a valid

Question 62

People with severe retardation have an IQ:

A)of 40 to 54.
B)of 25 to 39.
C)of 55 to 69.
D)below 25.

Question 63

Anita is mildly retarded,Brady is moderately retarded,Candace is severely retarded,and Denny is profoundly retarded.Which of these individuals can probably hold a job? Which of these individuals is probably unable to care for him- or herself?

A)Anita; Denny
B)Anita; Brady
C)Candace; Anita
D)Candace; Denny

Question 64

In approximately _____ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors; the most common of these is _____.

A)one-third; fetal alcohol syndrome
B)one-third; Down syndrome
C)one-quarter; fetal alcohol syndrome
D)one-quarter; Down syndrome

Question 65

Of those who are mentally retarded,what percentage are classified as mildly retarded?

A)90%
B)75%
C)65%
D)50%

Question 66

Which of the following alternatives offers the most accurate assessment of the origin of familial retardation in nature on the one hand or nurture on the other?

A)Familial retardation is almost always genetic in origin,thereby reflecting nature.
B)About 1/3 of the cases of familial retardation have a known basis in biology,or nature.
C)Familial retardation is most often environmental in origin,such as extreme continuous poverty leading to malnutrition.
D)Whether familial retardation is caused by environmental factors or some genetic factor is usually impossible to determine.

Question 67

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect a valid or empirically supported point in favor of or against adaptive or computerized testing?

A)It is faster than traditional testing.
B)It requires careful calibration of large number of items based on their difficulty.
C)Some groups of test-takers may become more anxious than others during computerized test taking.
D)Test-takers are forced to spend a great deal of time answering questions that are either much easier or much harder than they can handle.

Question 68

Which of the following is TRUE about tests?

A)Even if a test is unreliable,it cannot be valid.
B)Test validity and reliability are prerequisites for accurate assessment of intelligence.
C)Test reliability and validity are highly desirable for an accurate assessment of intelligence.
D)Knowing that a test is reliable guarantees that it is also valid.

Question 69

Which of the following alternatives correctly identifies the range of IQ scores encompassed by the terms profound,severe,moderate,and mild retardation,respectively?

A)0-29; 30-49; 50-64; 65-79
B)0-19; 20-39; 40-59; 60-79
C)0-24; 25-39; 40-54; 55-69
D)0-19; 20-34; 35-49; 50-69

Question 70

A psychological test is valid when it:

A)actually measures what it is supposed to measure.
B)has been normalized using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed.
C)yields consistent measurements.
D)measures the positives in the test.

Question 71

Intellectual disability in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history of it in the family is known as _____ retardation.

A)syndromic
B)cultural
C)familial
D)non-syndromic

Question 72

Peyton has an IQ score of 60.Although her development was typically slower than that of her peers,she is now able to hold a job and will soon start a family of her own.Peyton is most probably:

A)mildly retarded.
B)moderately retarded.
C)severely retarded.
D)profoundly retarded.

Question 73

Regarding standardized testing,which piece of advice is least likely to be right?

A)Check your answers if you can.
B)Time yourself carefully.
C)Guess if you don't know.
D)Practice makes you perfect.

Question 74

Dr.Cavanaugh examines the relationship between the personality trait of resilience and senior citizens' compliance with medication regimes.However,the resilience measure he used was normed only on college students.Based on this information,which of the following is the most apparent weakness of Dr.Cavanaugh's study?

A)The simplicity of the resilience measure
B)The standardization of the resilience measure
C)The specificity of the resilience measure
D)The operationalization of compliance

Question 75

The inclusive philosophy behind the educational mainstreaming of people with intellectual disabilities reflects federal laws passed in the:

A)late 1960s.
B)mid-1970s.
C)late 1970s.
D)early 1980s.

Question 76

A researcher develops a questionnaire to assess the personality trait of impulsivity among adults.In a journal article,she presents evidence that college students tend to get essentially the same score if they take the test twice,two months apart.She also presents the average score,the highest score,and the lowest score obtained by two large samples: one of 2,000 college students and one of 750 community-dwelling non-college adults.However,when you look at the sample questionnaire items she included in the article,it seems to you that they relate more to whether a person is sociable,outgoing,and fun than to whether an individual is impulsive.In this scenario,you are questioning the _____ of the researcher's questionnaire.

A)reliability
B)validity
C)sensitivity
D)reliability and the validity

Question 77

People whose IQ score range from 40 to 54 are most probably:

A)mildly retarded.
B)moderately retarded.
C)severely retarded.
D)profoundly retarded.

Question 78

Based on the text's discussion,which of the following alternatives best captures the difference,if any,between the terms mental retardation and intellectual disability?

A)The terms are used interchangeably and equally.
B)Intellectual disability is the term in use,while mental retardation is the traditional term.
C)The term intellectual disability has replaced the term mental retardation.
D)The terms refer to different types of deficits in functioning.

Question 79

People who are _____ have deficits in their language and motor skills.Although these individuals can hold simple jobs,they need to have a certain degree of supervision throughout their lives.

A)mildly retarded
B)moderately retarded
C)severely retarded
D)profoundly retarded

Question 80

An online intelligence test yields a different IQ each time you take it.The test is:

A)possibly reliable,but definitely not valid.
B)not reliable and probably not valid either.
C)not reliable,but still possibly valid.
D)possibly reliable and potentially valid.