Deck 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control

Question 1

The _____________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

A)cytoskeleton
B)peroxisome
C)cytosol
D)phospholipids

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Proteins located on the surface of the plasma membrane act as ___________ for hormones.

A)receptors
B)enzymes
C)neurotransmitters
D)caspases

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Intake of a specific molecule from the extracellular compartment by a cell occurs through

A)phagocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)apoptosis.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Large hydrophilic molecules can readily move unaided into and out of cells.

Question 5

Pseudopods can be used for both amoeboid movement and phagocytosis.

Question 6

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit in the body.

Question 7

Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are

A)integral proteins.
B)transport proteins.
C)peripheral proteins.
D)fluid proteins.

Question 8

The flexibility of a cell's membrane is determined by the ratio of _____________ to ____________.

A)protein, carbohydrate
B)cholesterol, protein
C)phospholipids, protein
D)cholesterol, phospholipids

Question 9

Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of

A)exocytosis.
B)phagocytosis.
C)pinocytosis.
D)endocytosis.

Question 10

The body cells that contain plasma membranes with highest cholesterol content are the muscle cells.

Question 11

The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is

A)phagocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)exocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Question 12

Carbohydrates are primarily associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane.

Question 13

The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of

A)proteins.
B)carbohydrates.
C)phospholipids.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Release of neurotransmitters occurs via

A)exocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Question 15

Phagocytosis is a bulk transport process in which the plasma membrane extends as pseudopods around a particle of organic matter.

Question 16

How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?

A)single layer with hydrophilic heads outward
B)double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other
C)double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other
D)double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

A)transport
B)energy production
C)structural support
D)receptors

Question 18

Receptor-mediated endocytosis would allow cells to selectively remove molecules from the extracellular fluid.

Question 19

Phagocytosis is important for

A)body defense against foreign organic matter.
B)promoting inflammation.
C)removal of old and dying cells.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Neutrophils and macrophages move through extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement.

Question 21

The cytoskeleton of a cell can serve as a railway that can transport organelles and molecules to different intracellular destinations.

Question 22

Primary lysosomes consist of digestive enzymes and the contents of a food vacuole.

Question 23

Which type of lysosome contains undigested wastes?

A)secondary lysosome
B)residual body
C)primary lysosome
D)tertiary body

Question 24

Primary cilia may serve sensory functions such as vision.

Question 25

Membrane enclosed organelles containing oxidative enzymes that form hydrogen peroxide are

A)lysosomes.
B)centrosomes.
C)peroxisomes.
D)chromosomes.

Question 26

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a genetic defect which affects the activity of _______ enzymes.

A)mitochondrial
B)lysosomal
C)centrosomal
D)ribosomal

Question 27

The pH of the cytoplasm is more ___________ than the interior of a primary lysosome.

A)basic
B)acidic
C)neutral

Question 28

Almost every body cell has a single nonmotile primary cilium with a "9+0" structure.

Question 29

Pinocytosis is a type of exocytosis.

Question 30

Which of the following locations have ciliated cells?

A)respiratory and digestive systems
B)female reproductive and lymphatic systems
C)respiratory and female reproductive systems
D)digestive and lymphatic systems

Question 31

All body cells have at least one nonmotile primary cilium with a "9+2" structure.

Question 32

The only flagellated cells in humans are

A)ova.
B)sperm.
C)goblet cells.
D)tumor cells.

Question 33

A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of

A)ribosomes.
B)mitochondria.
C)peroxisomes.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 34

The main function of the peroxisome is to release energy from food molecules and transform the energy into usable ATP.

Question 35

Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called

A)cilia.
B)microvilli.
C)flagella.
D)vesicles.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an example of an inclusion?

A)glycogen
B)actin
C)melanin
D)triglycerides

Question 37

Microtubules and microfilaments are the primary components of the

A)cytosol.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoskeleton.
D)plasma membrane.

Question 38

Cells with large numbers of microvilli on their apical surface are probably involved in

A)movement of the body.
B)reabsorption of molecules during production of urine.
C)detoxification of chemicals.
D)secretion of neurotransmitters.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a molecular motor used to move substances along the cytoskeleton?

A)melanin
B)kinesin
C)myosin
D)dynein

Question 40

Chemicals stored in cells are called kinesins.

Question 41

Individuals using anabolic steroids would have increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in their liver cells.

Question 42

Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities of

A)lysosomes.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 43

Genes present in heterochromatin are readily expressed.

Question 44

The proteins found in chromatin are called histones, are positively charged, and form spools.

Question 45

Cells which contain large numbers of mitochondria and large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum most likely are

A)bladder cells.
B)bone cells.
C)lung cells.
D)skeletal muscle cells.

Question 46

Mitochondria contain their own DNA.

Question 47

The organelle that acts as enzymes for protein synthesis is the

A)mitochondrion.
B)ribosome.
C)nucleolus.
D)lysosome.

Question 48

Proteins and mRNA exit the nucleus via

A)nuclear pores.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)vesicles.
D)centromeres.

Question 49

The folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called

A)rugae.
B)plicae.
C)cristae
D)microvilli

Question 50

How many genes does it appear that humans have?

A)25,000
B)100,000
C)3 million
D)3 billion

Question 51

The term proteome refers to all of the genes in a particular individual.

Question 52

What organelle functions to chemically modify cellular products and package them in vesicles?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)mitochondrion
C)lysosome
D)ribosome

Question 53

The function of the _____________ is to produce ribosomal RNA.

A)chromatin
B)centromere
C)lysosomes
D)nucleoli

Question 54

The process of gene expression occurs as

A)genetic transcription and genetic transduction.
B)genetic translation and genetic degradation.
C)genetic transcription and genetic translation.
D)genetic transduction and genetic degradation.

Question 55

The organelle involved in the production of energy is the

A)mitochondrion.
B)ribosome.
C)cytoskeleton.
D)centriole.

Question 56

One possible reason that the proteome is so much larger than the genome is that tRNAs can be spliced in alternative ways thereby increasing the number of products produced from a particular gene.

Question 57

Cells synthesizing large quantities of proteins would have numerous nucleoli.

Question 58

The granular (rough) endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by a lack of ribosomes.

Question 59

What enzyme is needed to prevent excessive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide from peroxisome activity?

A)peroxidase
B)catalase
C)oxidate
D)maltase

Question 60

How many proteins does it appear that humans can produce?

A)25,000
B)100,000
C)3 million
D)3 billion

Question 61

Protein synthesis requires

A)aminoacyl-tRNA synthase to link amino acids to specific tRNA molecules.
B)secreted proteins to be synthesized by cytosolic polyribosomes.
C)recognition of the anticodon in mRNA by the codon in tRNA.
D)the presence of transcription factors.

Question 62

The primarily hydrophilic leader sequence of secretory proteins allows it to be inserted into the cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 63

Precursor mRNA is larger than the mRNA it forms.

Question 64

Anticodons found in mRNA allow for base pairing with the codons in tRNA.

Question 65

In the nucleus of a diploid cell, the amount of cytosine would equal the amount of

A)adenine.
B)thymine.
C)uracil.
D)guanine.

Question 66

Regulatory proteins are degraded outside of lysosomes by binding to ___ and then broken down by the proteasome.

A)ubiquitin
B)chaperones
C)lysosomes
D)ribosomes

Question 67

Chromatin is comprised of _____________ and ____________.

A)phospholipids, DNA
B)DNA, protein
C)RNA, protein
D)DNA, RNA

Question 68

The _____________ of the messenger RNA is recognized by the _____________ of the transfer RNA.

A)triplet, codon
B)codon, anticodon
C)anticodon, codon
D)anticodon, triplet

Question 69

A cell lacking a Golgi apparatus would not be able to add _____________ to proteins.

A)lipids
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates
D)acids

Question 70

_____________ RNA has the function of bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

A)Transfer
B)Messenger
C)Ribosomal
D)Nuclear

Question 71

Huntington's disease is characterized by a dominant defective gene on chromosome

A)2.
B)4.
C)19.
D)21.

Question 72

Proteins to be used by the cell will fold into their secondary or tertiary structures at the ribosomes.

Question 73

The genetic code is found within DNA.

Question 74

RNA strands such as siRNA and miRNA can prevent gene expression in mRNA.

Question 75

The Golgi apparatus is involved in

A)intracellular calcium storage.
B)adding carbohydrates to proteins.
C)degradation of organelles.
D)mitotic chromosomal movement.

Question 76

______ molecules aid in the folding of a polypeptide chain into its secondary or tertiary structure.

A)Spliceosome
B)Ubiquitin
C)Centrosome
D)Chaperone

Question 77

Pre-mRNA contains noncoding regions called

A)exons.
B)introns.
C)small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).
D)spliceosomes.

Question 78

Small RNA and protein regions are joined together to make functional mRNA by

A)spliceosomes.
B)introns.
C)snRNPs.
D)Both spliceosomes and snRNPs are correct.

Question 79

Genetic translation occurs in ribosomes located in the _____________ of the cell.

A)nucleus
B)plasma membrane
C)cytoplasm
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 80

Chromatin that is active in genetic transcription is called

A)euchromatin.
B)homochromatic.
C)heterochromatin.
D)embryonic chromatin.