Deck 20: Reproduction

Question 1

Testosterone, not DHT, stimulates embryonic development of

A)seminal vesicles.
B)ductus deferens.
C)ejaculatory duct.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Deletion of the SRY gene would cause male fetuses to develop as females.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Cryptorchid males do not produce testosterone.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Question 5

Those with testicular feminization syndrome have

A)an extra X chromosome.
B)a missing X chromosome.
C)an extra chromosome 23.
D)no chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 6

A lack of testosterone in males will cause the genital tubercle to form a(n)

A)penis.
B)testis.
C)clitoris.
D)ovary.

Question 7

Which of the following would be found in normal somatic cells of women but not men?

A)an X chromosome
B)a Y chromosome
C)a Barr body
D)22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

Question 8

Males lacking testosterone receptors would

A)develop as genotypic females.
B)have testes and female external genitalia.
C)lack gonads.
D)have male internal genitalia.

Question 9

Dihydrotestosterone is produced by the action of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase on testosterone.

Question 10

What is the principal sex steroid in males?

A)estrogen
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)aldosterone

Question 11

Patients with Turner's syndrome have 47 chromosomes and appear female.

Question 12

The human female determines the sex of her offspring.

Question 13

Treating a male fetus with antibodies to DHT would prevent development of the epididymides.

Question 14

The embryonic urethral fold becomes the female

A)labia minora.
B)labia majora.
C)glans clitoris.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 15

Barr bodies are normally only found in the cells of female mammals.

Question 16

How many chromosomes are found in a normal human cell?

A)23
B)23 pair
C)46
D)Both 23 pair and 46 are correct.

Question 17

Female accessory sex organs develop from the mesonephric ducts.

Question 18

The first event to occur during development of the reproductive system would be the

A)descent of the testes into the scrotum.
B)formation of the vagina.
C)onset of testosterone production.
D)development of the Müllerian ducts.

Question 19

A fertilized egg is called a/an

A)autosome.
B)zygote.
C)ovum.
D)Barr body.

Question 20

Leydig cells in the male produce Müllerian inhibition factor.

Question 21

The majority of the testis is comprised of

A)Leydig cells.
B)interstitial cells.
C)Sertoli cells.
D)seminiferous tubules.

Question 22

Women who are very lean and physically active may have irregular cycles and amenorrhea.

Question 23

Longitudinal growth during development is dependent on estrogen stimulation of the epiphyseal growth plates in both males and females.

Question 24

Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin synthesis?

A)tryptophan
B)serotonin
C)tyrosine
D)Both tryptophan and serotonin are correct.

Question 25

In males androgens are required for

A)initiation of spermatogenesis at puberty.
B)regression of the wolffian ducts during embryonic development.
C)maintenance of accessory sex organs.
D)development of the Müllerian ducts.

Question 26

Secretion of LH is inhibited by

A)high concentrations of inhibin.
B)rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol.
C)high concentrations of testosterone.
D)decreasing concentrations of progesterone.

Question 27

In males, the levels of testosterone decline with age.

Question 28

Synthetic analogues of GnRH are useful in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and endometriosis.

Question 29

The correct order of the four phases of sexual response in the male would be

A)excitation, plateau, orgasm, resolution.
B)plateau, excitation, orgasm, resolution.
C)orgasm, excitation, resolution, plateau.
D)resolution, plateau, excitation, orgasm.

Question 30

Inhibin prevents release of LH from the anterior pituitary.

Question 31

In general, the onset of puberty occurs sooner in boys compared to girls.

Question 32

Male androgens

A)stimulate protein synthesis and muscle growth.
B)stimulate bone growth.
C)stimulate erythropoiesis.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 33

The rate at which GnRH is secreted from the hypothalamus determines whether LH or FSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary.

Question 34

In males, conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the brain is essential for normal regulation of LH secretion.

Question 35

During the first trimester of pregnancy, the ovaries are active endocrine glands.

Question 36

Sertoli cells are stimulated by ___________, while Leydig cells are stimulated by _________.

A)FSH, LH
B)LH, FSH
C)testosterone, LH
D)FSH, testosterone

Question 37

Developing sperm cells produce estrogen that may serve to regulate their environment.

Question 38

The secretion of GnRH, FSH, and LH are pulsatile instead of continuous.

Question 39

What enzyme is needed for the conversion of testosterone into estradiol in the male brain?

A)5-alpha reductase
B)aromatase
C)ATPase
D)cGMP phosphodiesterase

Question 40

Estrogen may play a role in spermatogenesis as evidenced by estrogen receptors found on developing

A)sperm cells.
B)brains.
C)uterine.
D)oocytes.

Question 41

Spermatogenesis is regulated by

A)FSH.
B)testosterone.
C)growth hormone.
D)progesterone.

Question 42

The Leydig cells of the testes constitute a blood-testis barrier that prevents autoimmune destruction of the sperm.

Question 43

After meiosis I in males, ________ are formed.

A)primary spermatocytes
B)secondary spermatocytes
C)spermatids
D)spermatozoa

Question 44

Nitric oxide released by endothelial cells in vascular smooth muscle is responsible for smooth muscle relaxation and therefore responsible for which of the following?

A)reduced blood flow to bronchioles
B)increased blood flow in placenta
C)increased blood flow to the fetus
D)penile erection

Question 45

The most successful method of contraception is

A)vasectomy.
B)oral contraceptives.
C)the rhythm method.
D)condom usage.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?

A)ductus deferens
B)uterus
C)labia majora
D)uterine tube

Question 47

Removal of the ___________ would result in a lack of energy in the semen to support the sperm cells.

A)seminal vesicles
B)prostate
C)testis
D)epididymis

Question 48

About 60% of the volume of semen is produced by the

A)seminal vesicles.
B)prostate gland.
C)bulbourethral glands.
D)testes.

Question 49

What allows the compaction of chromatin in the process of spermiogenesis?

A)histones
B)acrosome
C)protamines
D)testosterone

Question 50

Tight junctions between ___________ are responsible for the formation of the blood-testis barrier.

A)Leydig cells
B)Sertoli cells
C)spermatogonial cells
D)trophoblast cells

Question 51

Apoptosis of T lymphocytes requires that Sertoli cells produce

A)FAS ligand.
B)androgen-binding protein.
C)testosterone.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 52

Which of the following is the essential organ of the female reproductive system?

A)uterus
B)vagina
C)ovaries
D)uterine tubes

Question 53

Viagra works by blocking ________________ in order to raise cGMP concentration and promote vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle of the penis to produce an erection.

A)5-alpha reductase
B)aromatase
C)ATPase
D)cGMP phosphodiesterase

Question 54

Emission and ejaculation are under parasympathetic nerve control.

Question 55

The movement of semen into the urethra is called

A)emission.
B)erection.
C)ejaculation.
D)ovulation.

Question 56

Sperm are stored and matured in the

A)vas deferens.
B)seminal vesicles.
C)epididymis.
D)prostate gland.

Question 57

How many sperm are produced from one spermatogonium?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)eight

Question 58

Damage to the Sertoli cells would result in the production of antibodies against sperm cells.

Question 59

The myometrium is the inner most layer of the uterus.

Question 60

Male contraceptive drugs that would block FSH would be very effective for birth control.

Question 61

The follicular phase is characterized by elevated rising concentrations of estrogen.

Question 62

Spotting between menstrual cycles is termed

A)amenorrhea.
B)dysmenorrhea.
C)menorrhagia.
D)metrorrhagia.

Question 63

What is the major hormone produced during the luteal phase?

A)progesterone
B)estrogen
C)androgen
D)hCG

Question 64

An oocyte is contained in a membrane sac called a follicle.

Question 65

The secretory phase of the endometrium occurs when the ovary is in the

A)follicular phase.
B)luteal phase.
C)menstrual phase.
D)ovulatory phase.

Question 66

Estradiol amounts rise during the ___________ phase of the endometrial menstrual cycle.

A)proliferative
B)menstrual
C)secretory
D)follicular

Question 67

In the female menstrual cycle

A)ovulation is stimulated by decreasing concentrations of progesterone.
B)menstruation occurs during the last four days of the cycle.
C)progesterone secretion is stimulated by LH.
D)the luteal phase is characterized by high circulating concentrations of estrogens.

Question 68

Meiosis II is not completed in the secondary oocyte until after fertilization.

Question 69

The LH surge is caused by a ______ feedback effect of increased estradiol.

A)positive
B)negative

Question 70

Ovulation occurs around day 14 of the ovarian cycle.

Question 71

What is formed following ovulation from the empty follicle due to LH influence?

A)macula lutea
B)corpus luteum
C)fibroids
D)Graafian follicle

Question 72

What hormone triggers ovulation?

A)LH
B)FSHC.
C)progesterone
D)hCG

Question 73

What are the small cells produced by the uneven cytoplasmic divisions or oogenesis?

A)thecal cells
B)follicles
C)antrum
D)polar bodies

Question 74

Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is

A)the day ovulation occurs.
B)the first day of the menses.
C)the last day of the menses.
D)the first day of the proliferative phase.

Question 75

Ovarian granulosa cells synthesize estradiol which is produced by the theca interna cells from

A)FSH.
B)progesterone.
C)testosterone.
D)LH.

Question 76

Women who are thin, athletic, and under prolonged stress which leads to inadequate GnRH release may experience cessation of menstruation or

A)dysmenorrhea.
B)menorrhea.
C)metrorrhea.
D)functional amenorrhea.

Question 77

The ___________ phase of the endometrium is supported when the ovary is in the luteal phase.

A)proliferative
B)secretory
C)menstrual
D)ovulatory

Question 78

Luteal regression may be inhibited by

A)inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins.
B)stimulating the synthesis of progesterone.
C)stimulating the synthesis of LH.
D)inhibiting the synthesis of FSH.

Question 79

How many ova are produced by oogenesis of one pogonia?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)eight

Question 80

What is it called when a mature follicle ruptures and ejects the oocyte into the uterine tube?

A)gestation
B)menstruation
C)ovulation
D)fertilization