Deck 9: Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Question 1

When we plan, we are

A)using internal representations that include images, concepts, and language or symbols.
B)able to avoid making mistakes.
C)able to look at numerous options before acting.
D)able to do all of these.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The mental processing of images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols is defined as

A)brainstorming.
B)insight.
C)cognition.
D)proxemics.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Thinking involves the manipulation of three basic forms of thought, which are

A)images, concepts, and language.
B)language, memory, and vestibular sensations.
C)scripts, schemes, and synesthesia.
D)pictures, sounds, and illusions.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Thinking involves

A)pattern recognition.
B)intuition.
C)attention and memory
D)all of these.

Question 5

The term "cognition" includes

A)thinking, problem solving, reasoning, and daydreaming.
B)classical and instrumental conditioning.
C)eidetic imagery and processing.
D)an active process by which sensory input is selected, organized, and integrated.

Question 6

_____ psychology involves the study of problem-solving, language, memory, intelligence, and creativity.

A)Existential
B)Comparative
C)Cognitive
D)Forensic

Question 7

Cognition involves

A)language.
B)problem-solving.
C)daydreaming.
D)all of these.

Question 8

You are daydreaming in the middle of a lecture.Daydreaming is a type of

A)cognition.
B)whole learning.
C)proxemics.
D)automatic processing.

Question 9

At its most basic level, thinking involves the _____ of a problem.

A)internal representation
B)consolidation
C)semantic encoding
D)mnemonics

Question 10

Dr.Hart's research interests include the mental activities involved in processing images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols.He would best be described as studying

A)language comprehension.
B)learning.
C)cognition.
D)proxemics.

Question 11

Darby is a psychologist who studies problem-solving, language, memory, intelligence, and creativity.Darby would most likely be a(n) _____ psychologist.

A)existential
B)comparative
C)cognitive
D)forensic

Question 12

_____ often includes visual and auditory representations, but can also include representations of movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain.

A)Pseudoperception
B)Mental imagery
C)Illusionary processing
D)Automatic processing

Question 13

In order for two blindfolded chess players to play a game, they must rely on

A)the "language" of chess.
B)images.
C)concepts.
D)all of these.

Question 14

_____ are picture-like mental representations, while _____ include(s) words and symbols and the rules for combining them.

A)Concepts; language
B)Images; language
C)Engrams; semantics
D)Concepts; semantics

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a basic unit of thought?

A)concepts
B)images
C)languages
D)engrams

Question 16

_____ are generalized ideas that represent categories of objects and events, while _____ include(s) words and symbols and the rules for combining them.

A)Concepts; language
B)Images; language
C)Engrams; semantics
D)Concepts; semantics

Question 17

Unlike other species, the success of humans is due to

A)our physical strength.
B)our speed.
C)our thinking ability.
D)a combination of all of these.

Question 18

_____ are picture-like mental representations, while _____ are generalized ideas that represent categories of objects or events.

A)Concepts; images
B)Images; concepts
C)Engrams; morphemes
D)Concepts; semantics

Question 19

One thing that images, concepts, and symbols all have in common is that they are

A)morphemes.
B)internal representations.
C)based on reverse vision.
D)translated into micromovements.

Question 20

_____ are picture-like internal representations that are used in memory and thinking.

A)Pseudoperceptions
B)Mental images
C)Illusions
D)Hallucinations

Question 21

If you are trying to list all the furniture in your house for the insurance company, you would use

A)stored images.
B)created images.
C)engrams.
D)conceptual sensations.

Question 22

Jeffrey often says that spiced chicken tastes "pointy," that pain is the color orange, and that hearing human voices unleashes a flood of colors and tastes.Jeffrey is experiencing a rare form of imagery known as

A)sensory overload.
B)sane hallucinations.
C)eidetic imagery.
D)synesthesia.

Question 23

Regarding mental imagery, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Almost everyone has visual and auditory images.
B)Over 50 percent of humans have imagery for movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain.
C)Some people have a rare form of imagery called synaesthesia.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 24

Mental imagery can involve

A)picture-like visual images.
B)images for smell, taste, and pain.
C)the mental rotation of the imaged object.
D)any of these.

Question 25

Regarding mental imagery, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Almost everyone has visual and auditory images.
B)Experimental work has shown that most images are very much like flat photographs in the mind's eye.
C)Over 50 percent of humans have imagery for movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain.
D)People can mentally rotate objects in their minds.

Question 26

Research on mental images indicates that they

A)typically are inaccurate in terms of size and organization.
B)are three dimensional and can be rotated in mental space.
C)are flat, like photographs.
D)only exhibit visual or auditory qualities.

Question 27

When Richard visualizes his girlfriend's face, the area in his brain that initially becomes most active is the

A)somatosensory area.
B)area that specializes in face perception.
C)hypothalamus.
D)motor cortex.

Question 28

Concerning mental imagery, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Created images are used to apply past experiences to problem-solving.
B)Experimental work has shown that most images are not like flat photographs in the mind's eye.
C)Most people have imagery beyond visual and auditory images.
D)Mental images can be rotated in one's mind.

Question 29

"Reverse vision"

A)is the process involved when a person experiences eidetic imagery.
B)is the common name for synesthesia.
C)occurs when one forms any mental image.
D)occurs when a person uses a hallucinogenic drug that prevents normal mental imagery.

Question 30

When you retrieve images from memory in order to apply past experiences to problem-solving, you are using

A)created images.
B)stored images.
C)engrams.
D)sensations.

Question 31

Images retrieved from memory for use in solving a problem are known as

A)relational concepts.
B)created images.
C)stored images.
D)engrams.

Question 32

A person who has unusual olfactory experiences when bombarded with the sounds of rock music would be described as having

A)sensory overload.
B)muscular imagery.
C)eidetic imagery.
D)synesthesia.

Question 33

Created images are those which

A)are retrieved from memory.
B)generate more original solutions to problems.
C)combine language and concepts into positive instances.
D)are used to bring prior experience to bear on problem-solving.

Question 34

To answer the question, "Does a frog have lips and a stubby tail?"most people

A)use mental images and mental rotation.
B)utilize eidetic imagery.
C)utilize created images.
D)are unable to correctly answer the question.

Question 35

When you form a mental image of "a kite flying in the sky," the brain area where memories are stored send signals back to the visual cortex to create that image.This process is known as

A)visual conceptualization.
B)synesthesia.
C)"reverse vision."
D)none of these.

Question 36

Concerning mental imagery, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

A)Three people out of 100 find it impossible to produce mental images.
B)Three people out of 100 have very strong imagery.
C)Most artists, architects, designers, sculptors, and filmmakers have excellent visual imagery.
D)All of these statements are true.

Question 37

Recent research on mental images indicates that human subjects

A)can form three-dimensional images.
B)are restricted to two-dimensional images similar to photographs.
C)use images which are limited to the visual sense.
D)use "stored images" to generate original solutions to problems.

Question 38

We commonly use mental images in which of the following ways?

A)to change our feelings
B)to make decisions
C)to aid memory or improve a skill
D)all of these

Question 39

A form of imagery in which images cross normal sense barriers (such as sounds being experienced as colors) is called

A)synesthesia.
B)hallucinations.
C)eidetic imagery.
D)pseudo-perceptions.

Question 40

If you are trying to remember where you last saw your car keys, you would use

A)stored images.
B)created images.
C)engrams.
D)conceptual sensations.

Question 41

If you have good kinesthetic imagery (or high bodily-kinesthetic intelligence), you most likely will be able to

A)use the left side of your brain.
B)learn the newest dance steps quickly.
C)think of an exciting plot for a novel.
D)argue successfully in a court of law.

Question 42

The word "fruit" would be considered a(n) _____ used to represent such foods as apples, pears, and oranges.

A)algorithm
B)heuristic
C)prototype
D)concept

Question 43

Regarding the use of mental imagery, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Individuals who have good imaging abilities have a more sensitive and acute visual system.
B)Regardless of the problem, a stored mental image is the best approach to take.
C)People with good imaging abilities score higher on creativity measures.
D)We apply created images only to solve spatial problems.

Question 44

Forming oversized images of objects in one's mind

A)is impossible.
B)makes it harder to see the details of the object.
C)makes it easier to see the details of the object.
D)requires that a person utilize synesthesia in forming the image.

Question 45

An idea representing a category of related objects or events is called a(n)

A)abstraction.
B)attribute.
C)thought.
D)concept.

Question 46

According to Stephen Kosslyn, the BEST way to improve your ability to form more detailed mental images of an object is to

A)form unusual or bizarre images.
B)use synesthesia in forming an image of the object.
C)visualize the object as close to its correct size and shape as possible.
D)form an oversized image of the object.

Question 47

Your young son is having difficulty tying his shoe.While you give verbal suggestions, you are actually tying the shoe in your mind, while your hands make slight movements as if tying a shoe.Your thoughts and micromovements of your hands illustrate your use of

A)intuitive imagery.
B)conjunctive imagery.
C)inductive imagery.
D)kinesthetic imagery.

Question 48

Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Lewis Carroll, and many other of history's most original intellects relied heavily on

A)denotative thinking.
B)representativeness heuristics.
C)imagery.
D)convergent thinking.

Question 49

A carpenter is designing an ornate table, but before she actually begins assembling it, she envisions what it will look like.She is probably using

A)mnemonic images.
B)created images.
C)kinesthetic imagery.
D)heuristics.

Question 50

In a short story, a little boy converses with a skunk that suddenly changes into a large butterfly and takes the little boy to a land filled with gigantic flowers and tiny people.The imaginative and original aspects of this story were made possible by this author's use of

A)stored images.
B)created images.
C)prototypes.
D)disjunctive concepts.

Question 51

A concept is defined as

A)a mental representation that has picture-like qualities.
B)an ideal model used as a prime example of some category.
C)a generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events.
D)the smallest meaningful unit in a language.

Question 52

To help understand how the ear "hears" sounds, Kosslyn would recommend that

A)you use rote recitation in naming the parts of the ear.
B)make an exact replica of the ear and its parts using clay.
C)study pictures of the ear taken from different perspectives.
D)explore the ear in your mind as if it were a large cave.

Question 53

If you were asked in which direction do you turn the hot-water handle in your kitchen to shut off the water, you would most likely use _____ imagery.

A)vestibular
B)conjunctive
C)inductive
D)kinesthetic

Question 54

Kinesthetic imagery is created from remembered or imagined

A)muscular sensations.
B)auditory sensations.
C)visual illusions.
D)intuitive impressions.

Question 55

The form of imagery that is especially important in music, sports, dance, and martial arts is

A)kinesthetic imagery.
B)semantic imagery.
C)prototypical imagery.
D)conjunctive imagery.

Question 56

Expert bird watchers can be differentiated from beginners because experts

A)learn to look for identifying details regarding birds that beginners miss.
B)are good at classifying birds.
C)see birds differently than the beginners do.
D)exhibit all of these skills.

Question 57

Kinesthetic images

A)are created from muscular sensations.
B)can guide the flow of ideas as you explain how to perform an activity.
C)are especially important in music, dance, and sports.
D)are all of these.

Question 58

If you were asked to think of all the different ways to use an empty egg carton, everyday uses would be retrieved as _____ images, while more original uses would be generated through _____ images.

A)created; kinesthetic
B)kinesthetic; stored
C)stored; created
D)created; stored

Question 59

A(n) _____ represents a category and helps us identify important features of the world.

A)algorithm
B)heuristic
C)kinesthetic image
D)concept

Question 60

If you mentally picture a dog sitting beside a mosquito, it is easy to "zoom in" on the dog's nose.However, you would take longer in trying to "zoom in" on the wings of the mosquito.This is because

A)the size of mental images is invariant across individuals.
B)the larger an object is, the harder it is to see its details.
C)although individuals are very good at forming mental images of animals, they are not so good at forming mental images of insects.
D)the larger an object is, the easier it is to see its details.

Question 61

Regarding concepts and concept formation, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Children often form concepts through positive and negative instances.
B)Adults often acquire concepts by learning conceptual rules.
C)An expert literally sees objects in their field of knowledge differently than less well-informed people do.
D)Children and adults use algorithms to make minute distinctions between closely related concepts.

Question 62

A _____ concept is defined by how its features are associated with each other or how the object is associated with it surroundings, such as being lopsided or larger.

A)relational
B)conjunctive
C)disjunctive
D)connotative

Question 63

Uncle, aunt, brother, and sister would all be considered

A)prototypes.
B)relational concepts.
C)disjunctive concepts.
D)conjunctive concepts.

Question 64

At it most basic, _____ is based on experience with positive and negative instances.

A)prototyping
B)the random search strategy
C)synesthesia
D)concept formation

Question 65

Acceptance into the nursing program requires that you have successfully completed eight hours of anatomy and physiology and three hours of college algebra and have an overall 3.0 grade point average.Your acceptance into the nursing program would be considered a

A)disjunctive concept.
B)prototype.
C)conjunctive concept.
D)relational concept.

Question 66

Children learn concepts most readily through

A)learning rules.
B)over-regularization.
C)positive and negative instances.
D)the punishment of children's incorrect labeling.

Question 67

You are directed to go to the orientation session in Ivy Hall, which is the large building to your right as you enter the south entrance to the MCC campus.These directions illustrate

A)prototypes.
B)relational concepts.
C)disjunctive concepts.
D)conjunctive concepts.

Question 68

A _____ is a guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a concept class.

A)prototype
B)conceptual rule
C)connotative meaning
D)lexigram

Question 69

An advertisement states that job applicants must have a

A)prototype.
B)relational concept.
B)S.degree in chemistry and three letters of recommendation.This illustrates a
C)disjunctive concept.
D)conjunctive concept.

Question 70

The process of classifying information into meaningful categories is called

A)prototyping.
B)the random search strategy.
C)synesthesia.
D)concept formation.

Question 71

The DSM-IV has specific criteria and guidelines that help psychologists to determine the particular mental illness that a client is exhibiting.The use of the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV illustrates the use of

A)prototypes.
B)conceptual rules.
C)negative instances.
D)framing.

Question 72

Concept formation refers to

A)the organization of phonemes and morphemes into meaningful thoughts.
B)the application of transformation rules to basic sentences.
C)inductive thinking as opposed to deductive thinking.
D)the process of classifying information into meaningful categories.

Question 73

A class of objects with one or more features in common ("and" concepts) is called a _____ concept.

A)relational
B)conjunctive
C)disjunctive
D)categorical

Question 74

Acquiring concepts by forming rules

A)is generally more efficient than learning by examples.
B)is generally less efficient than learning by examples.
C)is a strategy rarely practiced by adults after graduating from school.
D)allows inexperienced people to accurately categorize complex subjects.

Question 75

The best way to teach a child the concept of freedom would be to

A)relate the denotative meaning of freedom.
B)stress the history of the United States.
C)give the child examples of what freedom is and what freedom is not.
D)teach the child conceptual rules for the concept of freedom.

Question 76

A father is helping his daughter to learn about animals.He points to a robin and eagle and explains that they are birds that fly, while the ostrich and penguin are examples of birds that do not fly.He then shows her pictures of a bat and a flying squirrel and tells her that these are not birds, but that the bat can actually fly and the flying squirrel can glide through the air.The father is using _____ to help his daughter learn the concept of "bird."

A)conceptual rules
B)algorithms
C)prototyping
D)positive and negative instances

Question 77

"A triangle must be a closed shape with three sides made of straight lines." This statement is an example of a

A)prototype.
B)positive instance.
C)conceptual rule.
D)disjunctive concept.

Question 78

To be a "sports car," a vehicle must meet the criteria to be classified as "a car" and must also have a "sporty" look.Therefore, a "sports car" would be considered a

A)conjunctive concept.
B)prototype.
C)disjunctive concept.
D)relational concept.

Question 79

When we group together all cars, regardless of the make of an individual car, because they share common characteristics or attributes, we are using

A)algorithms.
B)heuristics.
C)concept formation.
D)divergent thinking.

Question 80

A motorcycle must have two wheels and an engine and handlebars.Thus, a motorcycle is considered a

A)conjunctive concept.
B)prototype.
C)disjunctive concept.
D)relational concept.